A New Species of Cupressinocladus from the Lower Cretaceous of Guyang Basin, Inner Mongolia, China and Cluster Analysis

Cupressinocladus Seward is a fossil genus of conifers and conifer fossils with reproductive organs are very rare. In general, it is difficult to understand the natural affinities with other conifers. In this paper, a new species, Cupressinocladus guyangensis P.H. Jin et B.N. Sun sp. nov., is reported based on branches with immature female cones from the Lower Cretaceous Guyang Formation of the Guyang Basin in Inner Mongolia, northern China. The foliage shoots are decussate. Leaves are decussate, imbricate, scale-like, weakly dimorphic, and bear longitudinal glands on the abaxial view. Stomata complexes are haplocheilic, monocyclic, irregularly arranged, and spread along the leaf margin. Immature female cones are subglobose with 6–8 cone scales, and three subglobose ovules arranged in a row at the base of the cone scales. Moreover, we performed cluster analysis using a statistics and machine learning toolbox for 23 fossils and extant species based on 16 morphological characters. The result implies that the new species bears a close resemblance to the extant Cupressus funebris Endl. and might have nearest systematic affinities to it.     

我国部门减排行动可测量、可报告、可核实现状分析

通过一系列的部门政策和措施的论述,证明了我国各部门减缓政策和措施已经通过国内系统得到了报告和核证,显示了“可测量,可报告和可核实”（MRV）的实际部门应用,同时指出部门方案具有不同的度量、报告制度和核证程序,以及不同的减排效果。这些部门减缓行动的MRV特点为国际MRV的构建提供了案例基础。     

强震地壳逸出氡和电离层异常耦合关系的讨论

空间对地观测研究是近年来国内外地震科学研究发展的重要方向。由于新的观测技术和理论的快速发展,地壳逸出氡和电离层异常耦合关系在地震前兆信息分析中有可能发挥重要作用。本文重点介绍了近年来国际上在强震地壳逸出氡和电离层异常耦合关系研究方面的主要进展,包括氡和电离层异常耦合关系的基本理论、观测依据和物理解释等,同时也介绍了在地震前兆研究中氡和电离层异常耦合关系的基本特点。研究认为,由于地面氡观测和卫星电离层观测均存在各自的优势和不足,因此利用空间对地观测技术来研究地壳逸出氡和电离层异常的耦合关系,可以全面提高对强震前兆异常信息的空间分析和可靠性判定能力,对全面发展地震监测预报技术具有重要的意义。     

“三滩”傍河水源地地下水水位降落漏斗区水质演化

本文在1987～2006年兰州断陷盆地典型水源地地下水环境监测资料基础上,通过2007年10月环境地质补充调查采集地下水样品11组、地表水1组,综合分析了断陷盆地地下水集中开采区浅层地下水水化学特征及时空分布规律,以及黄河条带状为补给区的地下水与开采降落漏斗的水质演变关系。根据多年开采过程中地下水水化学成分的变化及影响因素,阐明了水化学组分与地下水位的密切关系;利用开采量水质时空变化对比资料,得出地下水位下降排泄区与傍河区地下水存在的水力联系。依据本次环境地质调查结果和水样实测数据,进一步论证了傍河区地下水受黄河激发补给因素控制的结论。     

煤层气井监控系统建设方案及其应用

在煤层气开发信息化建设的基础上,对煤层气井监控系统建设方案进行了全面总结。本方案结合韩城地区煤层气开发,研究形成了一套煤层气排采制度;提出了直井、水平井定量化排采与自动调控的主要技术参数和相关工艺流程。另外,在充分调研分析现有相关技术的基础上,研发出煤层气排采生产自动控制技术,包括远程排采信息采集技术、信息传输与通信技术、定量化分析方法、自动调控技术、配套软件和调控规范等。应用结果表明,煤层气井监控系统建设方案可满足国内煤层气井排采的需求。      

用GPS观测资料解算地球自转参数的方法及影响因素分析

研究利用GPS观测资料解算ERP参数的方法。首先,利用全球近100个均匀分布、站址稳定的IGS测站的GPS观测数据解算地球自转参数,并将其与IGS相应产品进行比较,结果显示该解算方案可靠。其次,从实验数据和数理表示方面分析ERP参数解算过程中的轨道约束方案、先验ERP信息、站坐标数量对解算精度的影响,给出一些提高ERP参数解算精度的建议：对ECOM光压模型9参数中径、法向（D、Y）4个周期项采取相对宽松约束、随机脉冲参数采取紧约束,解算效果更佳;降低ERP先验信息对解算精度的影响,重点在于提高UT1-UTC的预报值精度;利用100个跟踪站数据解算,可达到解算效率和解算质量均最佳的效果。     

体波走时层析成像方法及其在中国壳幔结构研究中的应用评述

文中对地震体波走时层析成像技术近30年的发展进行回顾和评述,并对该方法所存在的问题进行了分析和探讨以及给出应对策略。在壳幔速度结构的横向不均匀性、强震发生的深部构造环境、活火山区的深部结构和起源,以及造山带、板块碰撞带区域深部结构等4个方面对应用地震层析成像技术所取得的主要成果做了分类总结和探讨。研究证明,利用地震层析成像技术所获得的高分辨率地球内部结构为探索岩石圈的演化和板块运动规律及地震、火山活动发生的深部构造环境等提供了十分重要的科学依据。     

Origin of the Neoproterozoic Baijianshan Banded Iron Formation at the Southeastern Margin of the Tarim Block in NW China: Implication for an Extremely Reducing Ocean

The Neoproterozoic banded iron formations(BIFs)were closely associated with the“Snowball Earth”during the breakup of the Rodinia,thus they played an important role in our understanding of the atmospheric and oceanic oxygen levels during this period.In this contribution,the Neoproterozoic(ca.737 Ma)Baijianshan BIF at Southeast Tarim,northwestern China was identified.Magnetite is the dominated iron-species,which occurs as the lamina interbedded with chert.The BIF contains low concentrations of trace elements,and is depleted in light rare earth elements(LREEs)based on comparison with the Post-Archean Australian Shale(PAAS).In addition,the BIF exhibits slightly positive La-Eu anomalies,negligible Ce anomalies,insignificant Y anomalies,chondritic Y/Ho ratios(23-32),and slightly chondritic initial ε_Nd(t=737 Ma)values(?0.45 to 1.46,averaging 0.37).All these features indicate that the precipitation of Baijianshan BIF was closely related to the submarine low-T hydrothermal fluids with little detrital contribution.Moreover,the Baijianshan BIF is characterized by the significant enrichment of heavy Fe isotopes,with δ⁵⁷Fe_IRMM-014 values ranging from 1.78‰ to 3.05‰,revealing the partial oxidation of Fe²⁺ into Fe³⁺ during the precipitation of this BIF.Our data suggest that the formation of Baijianshan BIF was closely associated with a significantly reducing ocean,which most likely was isolated from the oxidized atmosphere by a local ice sheet.This Neoproterozoic Baijianshan ocean has the initial oxygen levels as low as,or even lower than that of Archean and Paleoproterozoic oceans.     

WEBGIS技术在地震前兆台网中的应用

使用WEBGIS技术,结合地震前兆台网的实际情况,设计完成地震前兆台网的GIS展示工具.该工具以互联网为媒介,使用地理空间数据库存储的全国台站数据,对全国范围内的物理场分布在网络客户端进行发布,方便地震前兆台网用户获取数据,同时丰富地震前兆数据的展示方式.     

Wetlands of Northeast Asia and High Asia: an overview

This review reports background information on wetlands in the Northeast Asia and High Asia areas, including wetland coverage and type, significance for local populations, and threats to their vitality and protection, with particular focus on the relationship of how global change influenced wetlands. Natural wetlands in these areas have been greatly depleted and degraded, largely due to global climate change, drainage and conversion to agriculture and silviculture, hydrologic alterations, exotics invasions, and misguided management policies. Global warming has caused wetland and ice-sheet loss in High Asia and permafrost thawing in tundra wetlands in Northeast Asia, and hence induced enormous reductions in water-storage sources in High Asia and carbon loss in Northeast Asia. This, in the long term, will exacerbate chronic water shortage and positively feed back global warming. Recently, better understanding of the vital role of healthy wetland ecosystems to Asia’s sustainable economic development has led to major efforts in wetland conservation and restoration. Nonetheless, collaborative efforts to restore and protect the wetlands must involve not only the countries of Northeast and High Asia but also international agencies. Research has been productive but the results should be more effectively integrated with policy-making and wetland restoration practices under future climatic scenarios.