基于GRAPES的气象-水文模式在淮河流域的一次试验

Global-regional assimilation and prediction system(GRAPES)模式为中国气象局于2000年开始组织研究开发的数值预报系统,GRAPES_Meso模式是其区域中尺度数值预报系统版。GRAPES_Meso中的陆面模式选取的是Noah-Land Surface Model(NOAH-LSM)模式。NOAH-LSM陆面模式选取Simple Water Balance(SWB)对陆面水文过程进行描述。SWB是一个简单水量平衡模型,不能完整地描述陆面水文过程,特别是对径流的模拟存在不足。随着GRAPES_Meso模式不断的发展,对预报能力的要求逐渐提高,对其陆面模式中产流过程的描述也需要进一步的研究。本文中所应用的改进陆面水文过程的NOAH-LSM陆面模式,借鉴了水文模型的思想,利用蓄水容量曲线描述单元网格内产流面积的变化,并在模式中增加Muskingum汇流模块,完整陆面模式水文循环。将原GRAPES模式和改进陆面水文过程的GRAPES模式分别与新安江模型进行单向耦合,选取模式TS评分相差不大的试验流域——淮河流域上游控制站王家坝站,进行流量模拟对比。从试验结果可以看出,改进后的模式在洪量相对误差、洪峰相对误差、确定性系数上均优于原模式,并为未来利用水文模型对降水落区检验进行了探索性研究。     

Chemistry of pyrites from Babaoshan iron and copper polymetallic ore deposit in Western Henan ProvinceEI北大核心CSCD

The Babaoshan iron and copper polymetallic deposit, which is located in Lushi county Henan province, is unique for its iron-predominated ore mineralization among all the Mesozoic porphyry metallogenic systems in the southern margin of the North China Craton. Pyrite is ubiquitous in the southern and western parts of the deposit. Their EMPA analyses indicated the contents of S and Fe are more than 90% in total, the contents of Cu and As of the pyrites vary considerably even within the same grain. The abrupt change suggests mixing of ore-forming fluid and upward magmatic vapors from the same magmatic-hydrothermal system is the major force to induce pyrite deposition. That As exist in two valence states, As3+ and As1-, revealed that the Babaoshan pyrite-forming fluid was oxidative originally and changed to be reductive subsequently. The oxygen fugacity fluctuation is a positive factor to the formation of the Babaoshan porphyry copper deposit. ©, 2015, Science Press. All right reserved.     

澜沧江下游补远江大型底栖动物群落结构的时空分布及其影响因素

自然流淌的支流在维持建坝河流水生生物多样性中起着重要作用。补远江是澜沧江下游的重要一级支流,保持了较为天然的河流状态,人类活动干扰相对较少,是流域土著鱼类保护区和水生生物重要栖息地。在澜沧江流域水电开发的背景下,掌握补远江大型底栖动物群落结构的时空分布及其影响因素,对澜沧江乃至西南河流的水生生物多样性保护和恢复具有重要参考意义。于2019年4月(旱季)和2019年10月(雨季)对补远江的大型底栖动物进行了详细调查,共检出大型底栖动物150个分类单元,隶属于5门7纲68科,其中水生昆虫121种,软体动物20种,蛭类3种,寡毛类2种,甲壳类2种,涡虫、线虫各1种。毛翅目和蜉蝣目为全流域优势类群。补远江底栖动物密度和生物量在旱季和雨季均表现为上游大于中下游,物种丰富度和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数在雨季显著高于旱季。功能摄食类群中,滤食者(41.09%)和收集者(31.81%)占绝对优势,其次为刮食者(11.00%)、捕食者(11.21%),撕食者(4.89%)较少。Mantel检验分析表明,河宽(RW)、硝态氮(NO₃^--N)、化学需氧量(COD_Mn)是影响补远江大型底栖动物群落结构的主要环境因子;不同功能摄食类群所受到的环境影响因素不同。生物指数(BI)和生物监测工作组记分(BMWP)系统评价显示,补远江大部分样点处于良好及以上水平,少数样点处于中等及以下水平,总体水生态状况良好。     

Isolation and characterization of bioactive fungi from shark <Emphasis Type="Italic">Carcharodon carcharias</Emphasis>’ gill with biopharmaceutical prospects

Until recently, little was known about the fungi found in shark gills and their biomedicinal potential. In this article, we described the isolation, bioactivity, diversity, and secondary metabolites of bioactive fungi from the gill of a shark (Carcharodon carcharias). A total of 115 isolates were obtained and grown in 12 culture media. Fifty-eight of these isolates demonstrated significant activity in four antimicrobial, pesticidal, and cytotoxic bioassay models. Four randomly selected bioactive isolates inhibited human cancer cell proliferation during re-screening. These active isolates were segregated into 6 genera using the internal transcribed spacer-large subunit (ITS-LSU) rDNA-sequence BLAST comparison. Four genera, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Mucor, and Chaetomium were the dominant taxa. A phylogenic tree illustrated their intergenera and intragenera genetic diversity. HPLC-DAD-HRMS analysis and subsequent database searching revealed that nine representative strains produced diverse bioactive compound profiles. These results detail the broad range of bioactive fungi found in a shark’s gills, revealing their biopharmaceutical potential. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study characterizing shark gill fungi and their bioactivity.     

Handling dip discrimination phenomenon in common‐reflection‐surface stack via combination of output‐imaging‐scheme and migration/demigration

In the application of a conventional common‐reflection‐surface (CRS) stack, it is well‐known that only one optimum stacking operator is determined for each zero‐offset sample to be simulated. As a result, the conflicting dip situations are not taken into account and only the most prominent event contributes to any a particular stack sample. In this paper, we name this phenomenon caused by conflicting dip problems as ‘dip discrimination phenomenon’. This phenomenon is not welcome because it not only leads to the loss of weak reflections and tips of diffractions in the final zero‐offset‐CRS stacked section but also to a deteriorated quality in subsequent migration. The common‐reflection‐surface stack with the output imaging scheme (CRS‐OIS) is a novel technique to implement a CRS stack based on a unified Kirchhoff imaging approach. As far as dealing with conflicting dip problems is concerned, the CRS‐OIS is a better option than a conventional CRS stack. However, we think the CRS‐OIS can do more in this aspect. In this paper, we propose a workflow to handle the dip discrimination phenomenon based on a cascaded implementation of prestack time migration, CRS‐OIS and prestack time demigration. Firstly, a common offset prestack time migration is implemented. Then, a CRS‐OIS is applied to the time‐migrated common offset gather. Afterwards, a prestack time demigration is performed to reconstruct each unmigrated common offset gather with its reflections being greatly enhanced and diffractions being well preserved. Compared with existing techniques dealing with conflicting dip problems, the technique presented in this paper preserves most of the diffractions and accounts for reflections from all possible dips properly. More importantly, both the post‐stacked data set and prestacked data set can be of much better quality after the implementation of the presented scheme. It serves as a promising alternative to other techniques except that it cannot provide the typical CRS wavefield attributes. The numerical tests on a synthetic Marmousi data set and a real 2D marine data set demonstrated its effectiveness and robustness.     

白茨生物学特性

白茨: 属蒺藜科, 白茨属, 是我国古老的乡土沙生植物种。在内蒙古自治区有四种: 1.小果白茨 2.白茨 3.大白茨 4.球果白茨 白茨在亚州中部旱生区系中, 它是古老的第三纪残遗种。是沙漠、半沙漠区域建群植物种之一。是优良的并具有较高经济价值的固沙植物。经研究: 白茨具有较强的耐旱性, 耐热性, 耐瘠薄, 耐沙漠、抗风蚀的特性。在脆弱的生态环境中, 积极保护天然野生的自然资源, 大量培育和发展白茨对固定流沙, 资源开发与利用将起到重要作用。     

高速铁路硅藻土路基工程现场综合试验研究

以新建杭绍台铁路通过浙江嵊州及新昌硅藻土地区为研究背景,基于单桩静载、边坡降雨、复合地基承载性能、基床原位激振等现场试验,研究了不同桩型加固硅藻土地基的适宜性、降雨条件下硅藻土边坡变形特性和防护措施、硅藻土桩筏复合地基特性以及基床动力特性。结果表明：CFG桩、素混凝土桩及钢筋混凝土桩适用于硅藻土地基加固,而螺杆桩由于存在挤土效应、高压旋喷桩成桩效果较差不适用;干湿循环作用下硅藻土自然边坡易形成网状裂隙导致浅层稳定性不足,拱形骨架对硅藻土边坡有较好的防护效果,而锚杆框架梁由于钻孔施工易导致硅藻土软化,不适用于硅藻土边坡防护;CFG和素混凝土桩复合地基能够满足硅藻土路基变形控制要求,且素混凝土桩筏结构整体性更好;基床结构中设置毛细防排水板具有良好的防排水效果,保证了水份能够及时排出,避免对基床和硅藻土地基不利影响。     

旅游发展与乡村劳动力回流研究——以西递村为例

采取社会资本的研究视角,以安徽省南部世界文化遗产地西递村旅游发展与社会经济变迁的基本事实为案例,主要提出了一种对乡村外出劳动力向原社区回流并参与非农产业生产现象的社会经济解释。研究发现:①社区按年向有本社区户口的普通社区成员提供总收入相当比例的稳定收入,是吸引外出劳动力回流的重要原因;②社会资本和社会关系网络的效力在社区的空间范围之内才能得到发挥,是社区精英人物及与其有亲密关系的社区成员留守或回流的原因。     

塔里木河流域土地利用监测适宜尺度选择方法

Optimal scale is one of the important issues in ecology and geography. Based on land-use data of the Tarim River Basin in Xinjiang of China in the 1950s, regarding the area of land use types as the parameter in scale selecting, the histograms of the patches in area are charted. Then, by reinforcing the normalized scale variances (NSV) with 3 landscape indices, the scale characteristics of land use in the Tarim River Basin can be summarized. (1) NSV in the Tarim River up to a maximum at scale of 1:50,000 which is considered appropriate for the Tarim River. (2) Diversity indices of saline land are consistent with NSV’s. Diversity indices and NSV of sandy land showed that the appropriate scale is in the same scale domain. There is a significant difference between diversity indices and NSV of forestland and shrubland. (3) Fractal dimension of sandy land and saline land showed a hierarchical structure at a scale of 1:10,000. Fractal dimension of forestland and shrubland are distributed under the same hierarchical structure in the region. Foundation: National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40571030; No.40730633 Author: Zhao Jin (1980–), Ph.D, specialized in study of scale effect.     

安徽省数字化形变仪器及观测资料的综合分析

从仪器运行情况,影响形变观测的主要因素,观测精度和映震能力等方面,对安徽省淮北,泾县,泗县数字化形变观测台站的监测能力进行了综合分析,得到了安徽省数字化形变前兆观测的基本情况,对安徽省形变台网观测资料的应用和未来台站建设具有一定的参考意义。