Retrieving Sea Wave Spectra Based on High Resolution Satellite Imagery under Different Conditions of Wave Generation

Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - A method for retrieving sea wave spectra from space images of high spatial resolution has been developed for various conditions of wave generation based...     

Photographic photometry for stellar statistics with Tautenburg Schmidt telescope

Photometric properties of deep Tautenburg Schmidt plates in the UBV system over the whole field and over a wide range of stellar magnitudes are discussed. Different reduction models based on the calibration curve alone and with additional terms containing colour and plate coordinates are considered. With the filter-emulsion combinations used the Johnson UBV system can be reproduced quite well by the Tautenburg telescope. The accuracy of photometric data can be improved if geometrical terms are taken into account. For deep plates with a significant effect of background nebulosity a supplementary term is to be included in the reduction model. The polynomial coefficients vary in dependence on spectral bands and individual properties of each plate.     

The Humphrey Head Borehole: Evidence for Carboniferous vulcanicity and Permian dolomitization in the southern Lake District

In south Cumbria, Permo-Triassic breccias and conglomerates (‘brockram’) are exposed only at Rougholme Point on the Cartmel peninsula. In 1973 the Institute of Geological Sciences Humphrey Head borehole penetrated 257 m of brockram before entering probable Upper Carboniferous sediments. The brockram consists of pebbles of carbonate, chert and basalt in a matrix of haematite-stained quartz sand. Carbonate and chert fragments were derived from the upper part of the Carboniferous Limestone sequence exposed today nearby. Basalt clasts were derived from lavas, which appear to have cooled in a subaqueous environment, at least in part. They were locally derived and are the only certain evidence for Carboniferous volcanic activity in south Cumbria. As volcanic fragments increase in abundance towards the base of the borehole they must have been derived from the top of the succession being eroded and are probably of Brigantian age. Carbonate fragments were dolomitized soon after incorporation in the brockram, probably by saline fluids derived from the evaporative Zechstein Sea. The dolomitization was incomplete, leaving remnant limestone cores to clasts which were subsequently dissolved. The resultant vugs were infilled by dolomite, calcite and gypsum cements, which have been partially weathered from outcropping brockram, leaving hollow pebbles.     

Adaptive Transitions: The Long‐Term Perspective on Humans in Changing Coastal Settings

Adaptation is a key concept in long‐term human adjustments to climate change. Despite the centrality of human decisions and actions in adaptation, much of the climate change literature is thin on humanities and social science which are the primary approaches for understanding human activity. This situation is particularly pronounced in Louisiana's discussions about its disappearing coast line where research has concentrated in understanding biophysical processes and solutions prioritize short‐term adaptations. This paper reviews the relationship of adaptation and long‐term transitions in the global change discussion and traces how disjointed adaptations in coastal Louisiana have contributed to a perilous environmental situation there. It proposes a shift from discrete adaptations to efforts that incorporate interrelated biophysical and human adaptations that can sustain long‐term transitions.     

Studies of Mars and Its Satellites by Advanced Interplanetary Stations Designed by the Lavochkin Association (On the Thirtieth Anniversary of the Launch of the Phobos-2 Spacecraft)

Solar System Research - This article describes the results of the Phobos 2 interplanetary mission, launched in 1988, and presents some prospective scenarios for studying near-Mars space, including...     

Control of Spacecraft Relative Motion in a Tandem Flight Configuration

Solar System Research - The article discusses the problems of controlling the relative motion of spacecraft (SC) in a tandem flight configuration. Flight configurations of two SC that form the...     

Absence of olivine orientation fabric in highly shocked Martian dunite

Shock is often given as the cause for many observations in meteorites due to the assumed previous exposure of most meteorites to at least one impact event that ultimately led to their ejection from their parent body. Here we present electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) results on a substantially shocked dunitic achondrite, chassignite Northwest Africa (NWA) 8694, and question the general culpability of shock exposure for the formation of preferred orientation fabrics of meteoritic olivine crystals. Despite the ubiquitous presence of substantial shock indicators, the EBSD results for NWA 8694 reveal an absence of preferred orientation of olivine crystals, displaying instead an overall random fabric. We propose that the passage of shock waves through olivine crystals within a solid, crystalline, dunitic rock does not produce an overall preferred orientation, nor is it likely to actively form a whole‐rock random fabric but instead has likely no bearing on the formation of olivine orientation fabrics.     

Upgrading of Oil Shale by Flotation Without Collector

Natural Resources Research - Oil shale impurities prevent its direct usage as a source of energy. Removing or reducing of these impurities before retorting can reduce the cost of oil shale...     

Subpollen Particles as Atmospheric Cloud Condensation Nuclei

Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - Bioparticles constitute a significant fraction of atmospheric aerosol. Their size range varies from nanometers (macromolecules) to hundreds of...