塔里木盆地北部坳陷震旦纪-奥陶纪大陆裂谷性质及其演化

塔里木盆地北部坳陷是在前震旦纪结晶基底之上发育起来的大陆裂谷盆地,始于早震旦世,结束于晚奥陶世.裂谷的轴部自西向东由阿瓦提凹陷、满加尔凹陷、英吉苏凹陷(包括库鲁克塔格南区)组成,向东延伸到罗布泊以东地区.裂谷轴部与地幔隆起带和高磁异常带相对应.裂谷东部主要以半深海-深海相的浊积岩、放射虫硅质岩和笔石页岩为特征,裂谷西部和翼部则以浅水盆地相和台地相的碳酸盐为特征.裂谷早期的火山岩主要分布于中东部的切谷内,具有双峰式火山岩的特征,玄武岩属低硅高钛富碱型.据区域动力学背景、沉积特征、沉降速率,将裂谷演化划分为幼年期,成年期和衰亡期3个阶段.     

前馈神经网络隐性单调与泛化能力

应用前馈人工神经网络对广域单调的两组样本进行了模拟反演，引入单调前馈网络的概念对其权值和阈值定解问题和泛化能力进行了较诉研究。表明前馈人工神经网络是一个表达形式简单的复杂系统，其单调特征是隐性的，而且训练网络的成熟性对样本数量和样本内在规律性有一定依赖。强调了前馈人工神经网络的应用效果，指出单调与复合问题还需进一步深入研究。     

应用改进的相干算法提高三维地震资料解释精度

作者在文中详细探讨了C1、C2和C3三种相干算法及其。根据三维地震数据体的特点提出了实用的相干算法，并编制了相应的软件。我们对三种相干算法对应相干数据体的解释结果进行了细致的分析，C2相干算法基本能够平衡提高横向分辨率和信噪比之间的矛盾，而C3相干算法则取得了更精确的效果。     

叠前正演模拟与偏移的网络并行计算

在叠前深度偏移和非零炮检距声波方程正演计算过程中包含了大量的可并行计算的成分。作者在本文中提出叠前正演模拟与偏移的网络并行计算算法，并基于TCP／IP协议，将该算法设计成网络并行处理程序，极大地提高了计算效率。实际运算结果证明，本文提出的并行算法和技术路线是切实可行的。     

Climate induced temperature effects on growth performance, fecundity and recruitment in marine fish: developing a hypothesis for cause and effect relationships in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and common eelpout (Zoarces viviparus)

Effects of global warming on animal distribution and performance become visible in many marine ecosystems. The present study was designed to develop a concept for a cause and effect understanding with respect to temperature changes and to explain ecological findings based on physiological processes. The concept is based on a wide comparison of invertebrate and fish species with a special focus on recent data obtained in two model species of fish. These fish species are both characterized by northern and southern distribution limits in the North Atlantic: eelpout (Zoarces viviparus), as a typical non-migrating inhabitant of the coastal zone and the cod (Gadus morhua), as a typical inhabitant of the continental shelf with a high importance for fisheries.Mathematical modelling demonstrates a clear significant correlation between climate induced temperature fluctuations and the recruitment of cod stocks. Growth performance in cod is optimal at temperatures close to 10°C, regardless of the population investigated in a latitudinal cline. However, temperature specific growth rates decrease at higher latitudes. Also, fecundity is less in White Sea than in North and Baltic Sea cod or eelpout populations. These findings suggest that a cold-induced shift in energy budget occurs which is unfavorable for growth performance and fecundity. Thermal tolerance limits shift depending on latitude and are characterized by oxygen limitation at both low or high temperatures. Oxygen supply to tissues is optimized at low temperature by a shift in hemoglobin isoforms and oxygen binding properties to lower affinities and higher unloading potential. Protective stimulation of heat shock protein synthesis was not observed.According to a recent model of thermal tolerance the downward shift of tolerance limits during cold adaptation is associated with rising mitochondrial densities and, thus, aerobic capacity and performance in the cold, especially in eurythermal species. At the same time the costs of mitochondrial maintenance reflected by mitochondrial proton leakage should rise leaving a lower energy fraction for growth and reproduction. The preliminary conclusion can be drawn that warming will cause a northern shift of distribution limits for both species with a rise in growth performance and fecundity larger than expected from the Q₁₀ effect in the north and lower growth or even extinction of the species in the south. Such a shift may heavily affect fishing activities in the North Sea.     

A quantitative evaluation of Playfair's law and its use in testing long‐term stream erosion models

Playfair's law (J. Playfair, illustrations of the Huttonian Theory of the Earth, 1802) requires any two tributaries in a river network to lower at the same rate near their junction. Although this law holds exactly at the junction, it is unclear how well it holds in the vicinity of the junction. This issue has practical importance because Playfair's law has been used to estimate parameters for detachment‐limited models of erosion. If the incision rate of a stream is modelled as βA^mSⁿ, where β is an erodibility parameter, A is the area drained by the stream, and S is the local gradient of the channel, then the ratio of the parameters m/n can be estimated from junctions by assuming that Playfair's law holds over the distance used to determine S for each tributary. In this paper, Playfair's law and associated m/n estimates are evaluated for simulated basins with constant and temporally varying uplift rates (or baselevel lowering rates). The results demonstrate that estimates of m/n may be biased for basins with upward‐concave stream profiles because the local slope must be approximated with an average upstream slope. In addition, when uplift rate varies temporally, knickpoints are shown to travel through the basins with constant vertical velocity. Because incision rates vary within the basin, Playfair's law only holds exactly at the junctions. These effects are more important when slopes are measured over longer distances. Finally, measurement techniques are presented which address these potential biases. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

“科钻一井”一开泥浆技术

“科钻一井”一开井段采用了钠膨润土-高粘CMC泥浆体系，视漏失情况添加GD-Ⅲ随钻堵漏剂，满足了施工携带岩屑和堵漏防漏要求。介绍了该井一开井段的泥浆技术，并对泥浆成本进行了分析。     

Study of the air-sea interactions at the mesoscale: the SEMAPHORE experiment

The SEMAPHORE (Structure des Echanges Mer-Atmosphère, Propriétés des Hétérogénéités Océaniques: Recherche Expérimentale) experiment has been conducted from June to November 1993 in the Northeast Atlantic between the Azores and Madeira. It was centered on the study of the mesoscale ocean circulation and air-sea interactions. The experimental investigation was achieved at the mesoscale using moorings, floats, and ship hydrological survey, and at a smaller scale by one dedicated ship, two instrumented aircraft, and surface drifting buoys, for one and a half month in October-November (IOP: intense observing period). Observations from meteorological operational satellites as well as spaceborne microwave sensors were used in complement. The main studies undertaken concern the mesoscale ocean, the upper ocean, the atmospheric boundary layer, and the sea surface, and first results are presented for the various topics. From data analysis and model simulations, the main characteristics of the ocean circulation were deduced, showing the close relationship between the Azores front meander and the occurrence of Mediterranean water lenses (meddies), and the shift between the Azores current frontal signature at the surface and within the thermocline. Using drifting buoys and ship data in the upper ocean, the gap between the scales of the atmospheric forcing and the oceanic variability was made evident. A 2 °C decrease and a 40-m deepening of the mixed layer were measured within the IOP, associated with a heating loss of about 100 W m⁻². This evolution was shown to be strongly connected to the occurrence of storms at the beginning and the end of October. Above the surface, turbulent measurements from ship and aircraft were analyzed across the surface thermal front, showing a 30% difference in heat fluxes between both sides during a 4-day period, and the respective contributions of the wind and the surface temperature were evaluated. The classical momentum flux bulk parameterization was found to fail in low wind and unstable conditions. Finally, the sea surface was investigated using airborne and satellite radars and wave buoys. A wave model, operationally used, was found to get better results compared with radar and wave-buoy measurements, when initialized using an improved wind field, obtained by assimilating satellite and buoy wind data in a meteorological model. A detailed analysis of a 2-day period showed that the swell component, propagating from a far source area, is underestimated in the wave model. A data base has been created, containing all experimental measurements. It will allow us to pursue the interpretation of observations and to test model simulations in the ocean, at the surface and in the atmospheric boundary layer, and to investigate the ocean-atmosphere coupling at the local and mesoscales.     

通辽CK－9井水位动态及影响因素的分析

本文在对通辽ＣＫ－９井、水文地质条件和水动态特征初步分析的基础上，采用ＰＣ－１５００计算机，对该井的观测数据与气压、蒸发、降雨、开采、河水位、固体潮、地震波和潜水位等相互关系，进行了定量的相互分析．研究所得结果，对该井水位动态变化和影响因素的关系，提出了新的结论．     

Micellar-Enhanced Ultrafiltration and Air Stripping for Surfactant-Contaminant Separation and Surfactant Reuse

Micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration (MELT) and air stripping were evaluated for surfactant-contaminant separation and surfactant recovery. Two linear alkyl diphenyloxide disulfonate (DPDS) surfactants were evaluated with the contaminants naphthalene and trichloroethylene. A separation model developed from micellar partitioning principles showed a good correlation to batch MEUF studies, whereas flux analysis highlighted concentration polarization effects in relation to hydrophobe length. MEUF effectively concentrated the surfactant-contaminant system (93 to 99 percent retention); however, this did not result in surfactant-contaminant separation. Batch and continuous flow air stripping models were developed based upon air/water ratio, surfactant concentration, and Micellar partitioning; model predictions were validated by experimental data. Sensitivity analyses illustrated the decline in contaminant-surfactant separation with increasing surfactant concentration (e.g., TCE removal efficiency declines from 83 percent to 37 percent as C-16 DPDS concentration increases from 0 to 55 mM). This effect is greater for more hydrophobic contaminants (naphthalene vs. TCE) and surfactants with greater solubilization potential (C16-DPDS vs. C-12 DPDS). The resulting design equations can account for this effect and thus properly size air strippers to achieve the desired removal efficiency in the presence of surfactant micelles. Proper selection and design of surfactant-contaminant separation and surfactant recovery systems are integral to optimizing surfactant-enhanced subsurface remediation.