纳米碘化银在人工影响天气的应用研究III: 表征实验研究

针对新型纳米碘化银催化剂在人工影响天气中有较大的应用前景,采用粉末化学液相沉淀法在常温常压条件下制备了与冰晶具有相近结构的纳米碘化银(AgI)粉末,采用场发射透射电子显微镜和X射线衍射谱等对碘化银粒子的结构特性、尺寸分布和比表面积等进行了与成冰性能相关的实验表征.与目前用的常规碘化银进行了表征特征对比表明,该纳米碘化银粒子的晶格常数更接近于冰,尺寸在30～90 nm之间,具有较高的吸附能力和比表面积.     

幕阜山西南缘黄柏山稀有金属伟晶岩密集区的发现及意义

幕阜山地区是中国重要的稀有金属矿集区。中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所与湖南省核工业地质局三一一大队在总结区域稀有金属成矿规律的基础上,于2019年度在幕阜山西南缘黄柏山地区新发现稀有金属伟晶岩密集区一处。区内伟晶岩呈现出良好的铌钽锂成矿性,易于开采、分选及运输,具有较高的经济价值。区域伟晶岩具较高的岩浆分异演化程度,且呈现出较为清晰的稀有金属矿化分带,具有良好的成矿潜力。     

微生物沉积碳酸钙固化砂质黏性紫色土试验研究

重庆紫色土是一种砂质黏性土,地区降雨集中,水力冲蚀作用剧烈,极易产生水土流失,微生物诱导方解石沉积(MICP)技术因能耗低、污染小而广泛应用于土体加固中。通过正交试验优化了巨大芽孢杆菌(BNCC 336739)的培养基和培养条件,活菌数增长126%,活性良好。采用巨大芽孢杆菌,进行低水压(9.8kPa)灌注固化砂质黏性紫色土试验,探究了固化效果的变化规律。结果表明:随固化次数增加,碳酸钙生成量和干密度逐级增加,无侧限抗压强度与碳酸钙生成量正相关;碳酸钙有效沉积越来越少,强度提高趋于稳定,固化9次后强度提高77%;随孔隙被碳酸钙填充和上下碳酸钙硬壳的形成,渗透性不断降低,最终下降两个数量级;通过试样上、中、下三部分碳酸钙生成量C的样本标准差s来反映碳酸钙分布离散程度,发现割线弹性模量在s的影响下随C增加而波动上升,波动表现为在C相近或s相差很大时,s越小割线弹性模量越大。研究成果可以为MICP技术在紫色土地区的地基、边坡加固和水土流失防护等工程应用提供科学依据和参考。     

塔中Ⅲ区碳酸盐岩储层去泥质反演及泥质充填判别

塔里木盆地塔中Ⅲ区奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层是近年来勘探重点区域,良里塔格组储层内沉积泥质灰岩条带,以及一间房组洞穴顶部存在的沉积泥质条带,给储层预测带来了较大难度。为提高储层预测精度,分析奥陶系良里塔格组和一间房组储层内泥质展布规律,建立沉积泥质灰岩条带背景纵波阻抗体,完成了无井约束叠后地质统计学反演。研究结果表明,无井反演储层预测纵向发育位置、储层级别和已钻井吻合较好。利用叠前同时反演得到纵横波速比,通过纵波阻抗与纵横波速比交会图分析法,划分了一间房组优质储层、泥质充填储层、基质灰岩分布区间,对洞穴型储层泥质充填、叠前流体预测反演进行探索,确保储层预测的可靠性。     

探地雷达技术对表层岩溶带典型剖面组构刻画与界面识别

表层岩溶带是岩溶研究的重要对象,以往研究以剖面调查半定量为主,文章利用探地雷达属性技术对其发育情况进行定量研究。选取3个表层岩溶带的典型剖面（浅裂隙土、深裂隙土、厚土层覆盖）,并采集探地雷达数据,通过提取相干体属性和均方根振幅属性来挖掘雷达数据中的潜在信息,用于区分介质组构和识别发育深度界面。结果表明,均方根振幅属性较好地区分出了浅裂隙土型和深裂隙土型的岩土介质,厚土层覆盖型的犁耕层与非犁耕层土壤介质;相干体属性能较好地识别出表层岩溶带和下部完整基岩,定量化其发育厚度。      

First results obtained with DENIS

We briefly report on the first astronomical results obtained with the DENIS camera at the ESO 1 meter telescope.     

Dynamics of an Abra alba population (bivalve-scrobiculariidae) in the Bay of Brest

The Abra population studied, lived in a muddy-sand Melinna palmata community in the vicinity of the harbour of Brest. There were two periods of spawning in the year: June to August and end of autumn. Individuals 12 mm long can spawn after the first winter. Recruitment was regularly observed in 1 mm mesh sieves in May and September–October. Growth rings were formed in winter; a second growth ring in summer was correlated with spawning. The modal analysis showed a decreasing growth rate and maximum length for the successive cohorts over the three years surveyed. Growth characteristics observed in this population seem to be due to disturbances brought about by neighbouring dredgings which had just ended at the beginning of the study.     

Remarks on the homogeneity of a sample used to determine the Hubble parameterH 0

In a recent series of papers, Sandage and Tammann reach the conclusion according to which the Hubble constant is everywhere the same. This result arises from the analysis of two samples (a nearby one and a remote one) of Sc-type galaxies, each sample separately giving the same <H ₀> mean value. We attempt to check whether or not the whole data from both the samples together are consistent with theH ₀=constant hypothesis at a suitable level of statistical significance.     

Resistance of a coastal ecosystem to increasing eutrophic conditions: the Bay of Brest (France), a semi-enclosed zone of Western Europe

The Bay of Brest is a semi-enclosed coastal ecosystem receiving high nutrients loading from freshwater inputs. In order to analyse the response of phytoplankton stocks to increasing eutrophic conditions, a survey of the annual cycle of hydrographic properties, nutrients and chlorophyll a concentrations, and carbon uptake rates was performed at four stations in 1993. This database has been compared to earlier measurements performed during several comparable surveys within the last 20 years. As compared to the seventies, a doubled nitrate loading is now entering this ecosystem, which is related to increased agricultural activities on the drainage basins, while the geographical origin of the nitrate input has been modified. As a result of these anthropogenic modifications, summer averaged Si/N stoichiometric balance has decreased during the two last decades but, contrary to what has been observed in other coastal ecosystems, phytoplankton stocks have not increased. Several ecological factors have hindered eutrophication: the high hydrodynamic mixing with adjacent marine waters, caused by the macrotidal regime, induces important nutrients losses, temperature and mostly light limit primary production while Si and P high recycling maintain nitrogen limitation in this ecosystem. Conjunction of these non-anthropogenic factors explains the global stability of phytoplankton stocks.