Natural and anthropogenic hydrocarbons in sediments from the Chubut River (Patagonia, Argentina)

In March of 2001 a study was carried out to evaluate hydrocarbon levels in the lower course of the Chubut River. The study included 12 sample stations along the river from San Cristóbal Bridge to the confluence with the sea, in a 25 km straight-line extension in a urbanized area. In the first 11 stations, resolved aliphatic (RAli) hydrocarbons presented low values, between 0.07 and 0.96 microg/g dry weight (dw); the unresolved complex mixture (UCM) between 0.42 and 2.72 microg/g dw, and the total aliphatic (TAli) hydrocarbons between 0.55 and 3.07 microg/g dw. In the last station, at the mouth of Chubut river, these values increased to 460, 284, and 741 microg/g dw for RAli, UCM and TAli, respectively. The n-alkanes distribution indices and the compositional parameters suggested a predominantly biogenic origin in eleven stations, and a predominantly anthropogenic origin in the last station, with the highest hydrocarbon values. It is possible to conclude that the stations with low hydrocarbon values and biogenic origin predominance would constitute the baseline of aliphatic hydrocarbons for river sediments at this zone. The station with the highest hydrocarbon concentration and predominantly anthropic origin was related to the presence of Rawson city's port, where its activities (harbor and fishing vessels) generate hydrocarbon wastes unrelated to the river base profile in the study zone. Offshore, but within the river influence, there is an important fishing area of Argentine Red and Patagonian shrimps (Pleoticus muelleri and Artemesia longinaris, respectively).     

Nitrogen isotope ratios in estuarine biota collected along a nutrient gradient in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, USA

Stable nitrogen isotope ratios were used to study the incorporation of anthropogenically-derived nitrogen into the food webs of salt marsh systems along a contamination gradient in Narragansett Bay. Nitrogen isotope ratios (delta(15)N) were measured in six estuarine species collected from three marshes along this gradient, monthly from June to October between 1997 and 1999. A significant decrease in delta(15)N was found with distance along the estuary for four of the six species. Significant differences were found among monthly isotope ratios for some species. Nitrogen isotope ratios in sea lettuce (Ulva lactuca) increased during the summer season with highest delta(15)N values measured during September and October. This trend was most pronounced at the station receiving the highest nutrient inputs. Elevated delta(15)N values at this station appeared to correlate with seawater ammonia/nitrate concentration ratios. The temporal variations in delta(15)N suggest that care should be taken in species selection and the design of sampling schemes of studies using delta(15)N for monitoring anthropogenic nutrients in aquatic systems. Sampling programs designed to determine long-term trends should consider species that do not show rapid fluctuations in isotope ratios. The mud snail, Nassarius obsoletus, responded this way in the present study. Studies designed to measure short-term changes should include species such as U. lactuca, which rapidly respond to isotope changes. The results from this study also help to establish a baseline for nitrogen isotope values in Narragansett Bay. This information can be used to monitor future trends in nitrogen inputs to this estuary.     

Influence of the oceanographic conditions during spring 2003 on the transport of the Prestige tanker fuel oil to the Galician coast

Hydrographic data collected during the cruise HIDROPRESTIGE were combined with meteorological and dynamic data provided by remote sensors and drifting/moored buoys, to describe the surface circulation of the Northern Iberian basin in March-April 2003. Sea surface winds transported the floating Prestige oil slicks from the sinking area to the continental slope off the Rías Baixas in 1/2 month: the surface current intensity was 2% of the wind intensity and it was rotated clockwise 5 degrees from the wind direction. Mesoscale cyclonic and anticyclonic structures west of 10 degrees W increased the residence time of oil patches in the Northern Iberian basin, as compared with the expected southwards flow of the Iberian current (IC). On the other hand, the Iberian poleward current (IPC) formed a marked surface front with coastal waters, preventing the entry of fuel oil into the rías. PAHs in the surface layer during the cruise were <0.5 microgL(-1), except in the Galicia bank (approximately 1 microg L(-1); where the Prestige tanker was still leaking) and the vicinity of Cape Fisterra (approximately 1.5 microg L(-1); where the convergence front between the IPC and coastal waters vanished).     

浅析地质勘查单位网站建设

阐述了如何建设地勘单位网站,并对网站做了整体规划,在网站的功能设计与结构设计及其具体技术实现上进行了细致的描述。     

近40a贵定县可利用降水资源特征及变化

利用贵定县1969—2008年的月平均气温和降水资料,讨论了该县40 a来可利用的降水资源的变化特征。结果表明:一年中,贵定5、6月可利用的降水资源是最多的,而12月的可利用降水则为最小。贵定降水和可利用的降水资源主要集中于夏季,各自分别占全年比例的46%和52%。可利用降水系数全年平均为0.4,其中春季最大,为0.46,冬季最小,为0.12。40 a来,贵定平均可利用降水资源的总体趋势以0.5mm/a的线性倾向减少,这与40 a来贵定降水量总体趋势以0.5mm/a线性倾向减少密切相关。     

气溶胶对北京中尺度对流系统影响的数值试验

利用可分辨云模式(WRF),模拟研究了不同气溶胶浓度对北京地区2001年8月23日一次产生强降水和冰雹的对流天气的影响。结果表明,气溶胶浓度的增加不利于对流云的发展,导致地面降水减小,但是对降水结构没有明显影响。气溶胶浓度增加导致云中水成物数浓度和质量浓度均发生变化,其中云水、冰晶和雪含量增加,而雨水、霰和雹含量减小。从云微物理学分析发现,气溶胶浓度减小有利于高层云的形成,云滴有效半径随着气溶胶浓度增加而减小。     

片麻岩穹窿与伟晶岩型锂矿的成矿规律探讨

"片麻岩穹窿"是指中下地壳热动力过程产生的与岩浆作用(或混合岩化作用)密切相关的穹状构造,是折返造山的产物.片麻岩穹窿的形成经历了从垂直上升的地壳流导致的岩浆上涌的挤压收缩到岩体侵位的顶部伸展机制的转化过程,这一过程有利于富含锂-铯-钽型(LCT)型伟晶岩的生成和锂族元素的富集.研究表明,位于青藏高原北部的中国松潘-甘孜-甜水海印支造山带是中国大型"伟晶岩型"锂矿资源赋存的基地,松潘-甘孜东南部的超大型甲基卡型伟晶岩型锂矿带,产于具有巴罗式"低/中压-高温"变质组合的三叠纪复理石围岩中,早中生代花岗岩以及衍生的大量含锂稀土矿物的伟晶岩脉侵位有成因关系.研究认为,探究片麻岩穹窿的形成过程和构造成因机制;识别花岗岩-含矿伟晶岩的地球化学属性,揭示花岗岩浆分异作用与含矿伟晶岩相演变的成因联系,以及锂元素迁移、富集熔浆的过程;圈定三叠纪地层中巴罗式变质相带的展布,探明富锂伟晶岩矿带赋存的有利变质相带及形成的P-T条件;揭示"变形-变质-岩浆深熔-成矿"的时空耦合、制约与相互作用,再造造山过程中锂资源富集和保存的规律,以及建立成矿动力学模式;是揭示片麻岩穹窿与伟晶岩型锂矿的成矿规律的重要科学途径.     

水平分层胶结充填体损伤本构模型及强度准则

以矿山分层充填为背景,针对水平分层充填体,提出了初始分层损伤、荷载损伤与总损伤的概念;利用损伤力学理论,考虑分层效应,建立了充填体损伤演化及本构模型;基于全微分方法构建了考虑分层效应的充填体强度准则。开展了不同分层充填体力学特性试验。研究结果表明：所建立的分层充填体损伤本构模型及强度准则理论曲线与试验曲线高度吻合,验证了模型的正确性;初始分层损伤随分层数增多,呈现 的二次多项式递增,分层效应与荷载耦合作用劣化了充填体总损伤;充填体总损伤率呈先增大后减小趋势。在峰值之前,分层数越多,则总损伤率越大;而峰值之后,分层数越多,则总损伤率越小,且总损伤率最大值随分层数增多而增大。     

鄂西地层硒的分布、富硒岩石成因及硒的来源

鄂西地区硒元素主要富集在二叠系孤峰组与吴家坪组炭质硅质岩中,而其他地层"黑色岩系"中硒含量却很低。富硒炭质硅质岩微量元素中w(As)和w(Sb)分别是沉积岩丰度的1.65倍和4.22倍,U/Th平均值为7.9、Co/Ni平均值为0.042,稀土元素具有明显Ce的负异常特征,指示了富硒硅质岩以热水成因为主,而微量元素Mo、V含量较高,证明又受到生物因素的叠加影响。岩石La-Th-Sc以及Th-Sc-Zr/10图解表明"黑色岩系"形成于大陆岛弧的构造环境。富Se岩石的Cr元素含量也较高, Cr是典型的地幔元素,表明地幔物质参与了"黑色岩系"的成岩作用。孤峰组炭质硅质岩层间凝灰质黏土岩锆石U-Pb年龄约264 Ma,在时代上与峨眉山玄武岩起始喷发时间一致,表明孤峰组硒的来源与峨眉山玄武岩的持续喷发相关。吴家坪组炭质硅质岩层间凝灰质黏土岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为253～248 Ma,与西伯利亚大火成岩省火山喷发时间高度吻合,说明吴家坪组硒的来源可能与西伯利亚大火成岩省关系密切。     

渤海湾盆地黄骅坳陷古潜山的宏观展布特征与演化过程

古潜山的形成与发育受控于多期构造运动,在不同构造背景下所表现出的结构形态是有规律可循的,呈现出成群、成带分布的现象。本文以黄骅坳陷潜山宏观展布特征为研究重点,利用三维地震资料,解剖潜山结构特征,探讨潜山的演化过程。研究表明,黄骅坳陷古潜山可分为基岩褶皱形成的潜山背斜群、基底断块掀斜作用形成的大型断鼻和盆缘裙边断鼻潜山构造三大类潜山。歧口凹陷内部潜山构造带总体构成"轮毂"式格局,沧东-盐山断陷区潜山带结构整体性强,以大型背斜构造为主。基底逆掩断裂系统复杂化潜山构造带内幕结构,可分为三角逆冲构造、背驮式逆冲构造及双重构造等。三大拆离伸展构造系统控制掀斜断块潜山的分布,形成以断鼻和断垒构造为主的潜山构造群。黄骅坳陷古潜山分为四个主要演化阶段:中元古代至古生代末为潜山内幕地层建造阶段,中生代为潜山内幕构造发育阶段,新生代古近纪为潜山宏观面貌定型阶段,新近纪为潜山深埋阶段。