“嫦娥一号”第一幅月面遥感影像撞击坑特征

撞击坑是月表的主要地貌形态,按普通碗状型、中心隆起型、平底型及同心圆型4种类型描述"第一幅月面图像"上月表撞击坑的形态特征.应用遥感专业图像处理软件,结合白赛尔大地主题反算法,实现撞击坑分布及直径信息提取.研究发现,研究区域的撞击坑直径主要集中在300～700 m.而且撞击坑空间分布不均匀,直径越小,分布越密集.     

清江中游隔河岩库区偏山滑坡形成机制及稳定性分析

偏山滑坡位于清江中游隔河岩库区,距隔河岩大坝54 km,是该库区的大型滑坡之一,其稳定性直接关系到50多户200多人的生命安全及隔河岩水库的正常运行.通过野外调查,采用工程地质测绘、钻探、物探、槽探等工程勘查手段,分析该滑坡的形成机制,查明除地形地貌、地层岩性、物质结构外,滑坡稳定性主要受暴雨、水库水位涨落等外动力因素的影响;从深部位移及地表位移、地表裂缝的监测结果分析,滑坡局部产生变形及位移,正处于蠕变阶段;通过滑坡稳定性计算,结合滑坡形成机制及影响因素分析,滑坡整体稳定性较好,但滑坡在暴雨加库水位骤降条件下,稳定系数有所降低,局部存在滑塌的可能.     

从矿物学角度探讨芝罘岛黄土状黄土成因及古气候变化

沉积矿物是记录物源信息和古气候变迁的良好载体。通过显微镜碎屑矿物鉴定和黏土矿物X射线衍射峰能谱分析对芝罘岛黄土状黄土2 个剖面13 个样品进行处理, 并对数据进行数学统计分析。结果表明, 芝罘岛黄土状黄土矿物种类、矿物形态特征、磁铁矿和岩屑的高含量等都揭示了黄土来源的多源性和近源性, 末次冰期时的海底平原沉积物以及洪积、残积物是芝罘岛黄土状黄土的重要物源, 而西北内陆沙漠吹来的细颗粒物质相对较少。普通角闪石、绿帘石含量较高的黄土堆积后期是以远源沉积为主, 且以风力搬运为主; 磁铁矿、岩屑含量较高的早、中期是以近源沉积为主, 搬运动力较复杂。根据黄土状黄土的剖面层序特征, 碎屑矿物以及黏土矿物垂相变化特征, 说明黄土堆积的早期, 气候是相对温暖湿润的, 之后变得寒冷干燥, 后来又逐渐回暖, 然后再转冷, 呈现出末次冰期该地冷暖交替的气候旋回。     

新疆和田南部地区矿产地质特征及成矿潜力分析

新疆和田南部地区地质矿产工作程度低,已有的矿产信息十分有限,2008年以矿产路线调查为主的找矿工作取得了一定进展,新发现的矿(化)点对了解本区的成矿特征具有重要意义,并展示出了形成矿集区的成矿潜力.     

吐哈盆地台北凹陷西部侏罗系-古、新近系沉积体系与演化

在建立台北凹陷西部层序地层格架的基础上,通过区域沉积背景分析,明确了台北凹陷西部沉积主控因素,分析了准层序组及体系域的叠置样式,划分了沉积体系类型。首次在研究区开展了以四级层序为单元的沉积体系展布特征及空间演化分析,为储盖层评价、生储盖组合分析、勘探层系优选和各类型油气藏区带评价奠定了基础。     

谭庄-沈丘凹陷油气形成条件分析及勘探思路

谭庄-沈丘凹陷位于周口坳陷中部凹陷带,是一个中、新生代两期断陷叠合的次级构造单元,面积近2800km^2。勘探证实凹陷内沉积了巨厚的中生代早白垩纪地层（分布面积2000km^2）,其中暗色泥岩平均厚达1250m,在多口探井中见到级别不同、层数不一、厚度不等的油气显示,并在周参10、周11、12、19等多口井见到油气流,显示了该凹陷良好的勘探前景;但至今仍未取得实质性的突破,表明它具有一定的复杂性。究其原因,除了生油岩类型不太理想外,后期改造强烈导致保存条件较差及所采用的技术方法不过关也是非常重要的因素。如何寻找改造弱、破坏小、保存好的构造,是下一步勘探突破的重点,而先进适用的技术方法是关键因素。     

东准噶尔库布苏南岩体中闪长质包体特征及地质意义

新疆东准噶尔卡拉麦里地区库布苏南晚古生代后碰撞准铝质过铝质花岗闪长岩体中广泛发育大量的暗色微粒闪长质包体.岩石学、矿物学、主量元素和微量元素地球化学研究表明,包体在地球化学特征上表现为与寄主花岗岩既相互联系又受其制约.库布苏南花岗闪长岩体具有低锶初始比值I(Sr)和正εNd(t)值,表明花岗岩的来源有地幔物质参与,而大量发育的暗色微粒闪长质包体是壳幔岩浆混合作用最直接的证据,微粒包体是基性源岩部分熔融作用形成的残余体.与准噶尔碱性花岗岩一样,载荷包体的准铝质过铝质花岗岩是晚古生代后碰撞阶段构造岩浆活动的岩石类型之一,其形成和演化标志了准噶尔地区后碰撞幔源岩浆底侵作用导致大陆地壳垂向生长的过程.     

Structural Evolution of the Eastern Qiulitagh Fold and Thrust Belt,Northern Tarim Basin,China

The eastern Qiulitagh fold and thrust belt (EQFTB) is part of the active Kuqa fold and thrust belts of the northern Tarim Basin. Seismic reflection profiles have been integrated with surface geologic and drill data to examine the deformation and structure style of the EQFTB, particularly the deformational history of the Dina 2 gas field. Seismic interpretations suggest that Dongqiu 8 is overall a duplex structure developed beneath a passive roof thrust, which generated from a tipline in the Miocene Jidike Formation, and the sole thrust was initiated from the same Jidike Formation evaporite zone that extends westward beneath the Kuqatawu anticline. Dongqiu 5 is a pop-up structure at the western part of the EQFTB, also developed beneath the Jidike Formation evaporite. Very gentle basement dip and steep dipping topographic slope in the EQFTB suggest that the Jidike Formation salt provides effective decoupling. The strong deformation in the EQFTB appears to have developed further south, in an area where evaporite may be lacking. Since the Pliocene, the EQFTB has moved farther south over the evaporite and reached the Yaken area. Restoring a balanced cross-section suggests that the minimum shortening across the EQFTB is more than 7800 m. Assuming that this shortening occurred during the 5.3 Ma timespan, the shortening rate is approximately 1.47 mm/year.     

Permian High Ba-Sr Granitoids: Geochemistry, Age and Tectonic Implications of Erlangshan Pluton, Urad Zhongqi, Inner Mongolia

Abstract: Erlangshan Pluton from Urad Zhongqi, central Inner Mongolia, is located in the middle segment of the northern margin of the North China Plate. The rocks consist mainly of diorites with gneissic structure. Petrochemical characteristics reveal that the diorites belong to metaluminous, high-potassium calc-alkaline series, with chemical signatures of I-type granites. They are characterized by low SiO2 contents (56.63%–58.53%) and A/CNK (0.90–0.96), high Al2O3 contents (17.30%–17.96%) and Na2O/K2O ratios (1.20–1.70), enrichment in large ion lithophile elements (LILE, e.g., Ba=556–915 ppm, Sr=463–595 ppm), and relative depletion in high field strength elements (HFSE, e.g., Nb, Ta, Ti) in primitive mantle-normalized spidergram, and right-declined rare earth element patterns with slightly negative Eu anomalies (d?Eu=0.72–0.90). They have Sr/Y ratios (20–25) evidently less than Kebu Pluton (49–75) to its east. Sensitive high resolution ion micro-probe U-Pb zircon dating of the diorites has yielded an intrusive age of 270±8?Ma. This leads us to conclude that Erlangshan diorites were formed by mixing between the middle or lower crustal-derived magma and minor mantle-derived mafic magma, followed by fractional crystallization, which was trigged by crustal extension and fault activity in post-collisional setting.     

Application of 3-D Geoscience Modeling Technology for the Estimation of Solid Mineral Reserves

Abstract: Applying new approaches, methods, and technologies for the estimation of reserves can effectively improve the efficiency and accuracy of assessments of solid mineral resources. After analyzing the development of 3-D geoscience modeling technology (3-D GMT), this paper discusses the application of 3-D GMT for the estimation of solid mineral reserves, emphatically introducing its workflow and two key technologies, 3-D orebody surface modeling, and property modeling. Moreover, the paper analyzes the limitations of traditional methods, such as the section method and geological block method, and points out the advantages of 3-D GMT: building more accurate 3-D orebody models, expressing the internal inhomogeneous attributes of an orebody, reducing the potential for errors in the estimation of reserves, and implementing dynamic estimations of reserves.