Chronology of the Holocene loess-paleosol section and its deposition and pedogenesis on the south of Chinese Loess Plateau

Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating for polymineral fine-grained loess samples, collected in Laoguantai (LGT) section on the south of the Chinese Loess Plateau, was made by application of single-aliquot regenerative-dose (SAR) protocol. A ‘Double-SAR’ procedure in which aliquots are subjected to both infrared (IR) and blue stimulations was used, and two sets of equivalent dose (De) determinations were produced and assumed to relate predominantly to feldspathic and quartz fine grain populations respectively. The OSL ages estimated from IRSL signals are smaller than those estimated from [post-IR] OSL signals due to the anomalous fading of feldspar IR signals, based on fading experiment. The young ages of the samples near ground surface may be originated from the post-depositional disturbance by the intensifying humanity’s cultivation since 3.0 ka BP in the Guanzhong Basin, south of the Chinese Loess Plateau. Based on OSL dating, as well as field observations and stratigraphic correlation, we determine the chronology of the LGT loess-paleosol sequence. In combination with climate proxy records, it is indicated that aeolian loess deposition and pedogenesis underwent polyphase changes during the Holocene, likely to have been driven by shifts in the East Asian monsoon. This suggests that aeolian loess deposition is episodic and highly variable, with contributions from non-aeolian processes such as alluvial deposition found in the area.     

基础设施投入效率时空演变及其关联格局研究——基于中国地级以上城市的实证

城市基础设施效率研究是科学评价基础设施发展质量的重要环节.在构建城市基础设施投入效率评价指标体系的基础上,借助MaxDEA软件,运用DEA模型,对2006-2016年中国地级以上城市基础设施投入产出效率进行测度和分解,探究其时空演变特征,并通过ESDA方法分析其空间关联格局.研究结果显示:①中国城市基础设施的总体投入产...     

City size and employment dynamics in China: Evidence from recruitment website data

This article explored China's urban employment dynamics with particular focus on the city size effect.Big data derived from the largest recruitment website were used to ex-amine the direct and indirect impacts of city size on employment demand by using mediating and moderating models.We also investigated the roles of the government and location fac-tors which have seldom been considered in literature.Results showed that the concentration degree of new jobs is higher than that of stock employment and population across cities,implying a path dependency mechanism of job creation and employment expansion.Mean-while,numerous job posts in inland central cities are probably a symptom of more even dis-tribution of employment in future China.Econometric models further verified the significant correlation between city size and job creation.Moreover,industrial diversity,fixed asset in-vestment,and spatial location have heterogeneous effects on employment demand in cities of different sizes and different levels of administration.These results can not only deepen our understanding of the crucial role of city size in urban employment growth but also demon-strate the future trend of labor and population geography of China.Policy implications are then proposed for job creation in cities of China and other developing countries.     

新疆萨热克巴依盆地中—新生代构造变形特征及其找矿意义

基于野外地质调查和构造测量工作,系统解析了萨热克巴依盆地边缘及内部的断裂-褶皱构造的几何学、运动学和动力学特征,重建盆地演化过程,探究控矿规律,促进深部找矿预测。研究表明：①盆地经历了早—中侏罗世拉分盆地发育、中侏罗世末—晚侏罗世初构造隆升剥蚀、晚侏罗世沉降、晚侏罗世末—早白垩世初构造隆升剥蚀、早白垩世早期沉降、早白垩世中晚期—古近纪隆升剥蚀、中新世压剪性构造变形、上新世—第四纪挤压收缩变形8个构造演化阶段,其中前6个阶段表现为沉降-抬升垂直运动,后2个阶段（新近纪—第四纪）表现为挤压收缩水平运动。②盆地叠加有2期挤压收缩构造变形,早期形成规模不大的北（西）西—南（东）东向宽缓向背斜构造;后期形成一系列北东东—南西西向褶皱-断层构造,表现为盆地边缘南北边界断层（ST、NT）朝盆地内对冲,导致在断层附近下盘形成的伴生褶皱趋于紧闭,而在远离断层的复式向斜（Sf）核部的次级褶皱多呈开阔宽缓状。③盆地构造控矿可以分为2个阶段：在成矿期阶段（早侏罗世—早白垩世）,由盆地沉降、隆升形成的正断层、反转断层及伴生断裂-节理-裂隙为重要的导矿构造,上侏罗统库孜贡苏组砂砾岩层内发育的顺层裂隙为萨热克铜矿重要的储矿构造,导矿构造与储矿构造交汇部位成为矿液富集成矿的最佳部位;在成矿后阶段,由后期（上新世—第四纪）北北西—南南东向区域挤压应力作用形成的收缩构造变形,明显控制了矿体的空间展布形态,造成矿体卷入褶皱变形,以及被断裂-裂隙带切穿或错断。④在30勘探线以东一带,南矿带深部隐伏的库孜贡苏组上段（J3k2）为铜（锌）矿（化）体的有利赋存层位,具有良好的找矿前景。     

水下图像目标检测研究综述

在海洋开发的环境下,水下物体探测技术得到广泛应用,随着水下机器人与计算机技术的发展,该技术越来越受到研究人员的重视。根据当前的水下图像目标检测研究进展,简要介绍水下图像目标检测流程（即图像采集、图像的预处理、以及图像检测的方法）,对总结发展现状、发现技术的不足及挖掘未来的研究方向有重要意义。针对基于光学图像的水下目标识别问题,论述了图像采集、图像的预处理、以及图像检测等方面的主要进展,阐述了基于深度学习实现水下图像目标识别的技术发展现状。通过对水下目标处理过程的讨论和分析,指出水下图像目标识别领域中需要解决的问题,并预测该领域技术发展趋势。     

3D gravity modelling for Anyongbok Seamount in the East Sea

A seamount chain with an approximately WNW trend is observed in the northeastern Ulleung Basin. It has been argued that these seamounts, including two islands called Ulleung and Dok islands, were formed by a hotspot process or by ridge related volcanism. Many geological and geophysical studies have been done for all the seamounts and islands in the chain except Anyongbok Seamount, which is close to the proposed spreading ridge. We first report morphological characteristics, sediment distribution patterns, and the crustal thickness of Anyongbok Seamount using multibeam bathymetry data, seismic reflection profiles, and 3D gravity modeling. The morphology of Anyongbok Seamount shows a cone shaped feature and is characterized by the development of many flank cones and flank rift zones. The estimated surface volume is about 60 km³, and implies that the seamount is smaller than the other seamounts in the chain. No sediments have been observed on the seamount except the lower slope, which is covered by more than 1,000 m of strata. The crustal structure obtained from a 3D gravity modeling (GFR = 3.11, SD 3.82 = mGal) suggests that the seamount was formed around the boundary of the Ulleung Plateau and the Ulleung Basin, and the estimated crustal thickness is about 20 km, which is a little thicker than other nearby seamounts distributed along the northeastern boundary of the Ulleung Basin. This significant crustal thickness also implies that Anyongbok Seamount might not be related to ridge volcanism.     

海岸分类的回顾与展望

海岸带是陆地与海洋相交的区域,受到多种自然和人为因素的影响,进行合理的海岸分类对于科学认识、合理开发、有效管理和保护海岸带资源至关重要。本文回顾海岸带分类的研究历程,探讨不同分类方案的划分依据,并强调海岸带的多维性和复杂性。从早期的地理地貌特征划分到现代的综合性海岸分类体系,海岸带分类方案不断演变,并受到各个时代的资料积累、知识体系、观测技术及制图展示效果等方面的深刻影响。不同国家和地区的学者在分类方案上存在一定的差异,体现了各地的地理地质背景、研究重点、开发利用方式等方面的特点,也隐含着研究人员的观察视角。主要源于陆地的物质属性和主要源于海洋的能量条件,越来越成为海岸分类的重要指标。人类活动对海岸带的影响不容忽视,人工海岸的比例已经迅速上升,但在海岸带分类体系中的研究仍有所欠缺,原因包括世界观、方法论和价值观等多个层面。建议从海岸动力作用环境和沉积物供应条件两方面考虑人类活动如何影响海岸带系统状态,而海岸带类别体系里可以增加人工建造和人工改造两个新的大类。通过深化分类方法和细化分类层次,同时向综合与细化两个方向推动海岸分类体系研究,可以更好地实现海岸带资源的保护与可持续利用,促进人与...     

南海混合层深度的季节变化及年际变化特征

通过分析新的SODA(Simple Ocean Data Assimilation)资料,得到南海混合层时空场的分布特征,剖析了南海混合层深度的季节及年际变化特征。资料分析表明:南海混合层存在着显著的季节和年际变化,且两者的均方差分布存在一定的差异。在季节变化中,冬季混合层在南海北部及西北陆架区深,在南海南部及吕宋冷涡处浅;夏季混合层在南海西北部浅,东南深。南海这种混合层深度分布特征除了与热通量的季节变化有关外,在相当大的程度上与季风引起的Ekman输送及Ekman抽吸有关。混合层深度距平场EOF(Empirical Othorgnal Function)第一模和第二模时间变化的主信号均为周期的年际变化信号,其中第一模态约为3 a,第二模态则有1.8,2.4和4.3 a的3个显著周期。EOF第一模显示混合层深度在南海东南部年际变化幅度最大,且滞后Nino3指数7个月时相关性最好(相关系数为0.422 3);EOF第二模显示在南海南部和北部混合层深度呈反位相变化。     

多种数字海洋地理环境信息的融合与可视化的局部实现

以潮汐、潮流和海浪数值的计算技术和数字海底地形模型的构造方法为基础,应用层次细节模型和三维渲染技术,完成了近岸海洋环境保障的多种数字海洋地理环境信息的融合与可视化的局部实现,为今后此领域的研究提供了理论和经验基础。     

湛江港外海水富营养化水平与浮游植物多样性

利用2001年12月在湛江港外海现场调查的资料,分析研究了湛江港外海水营养化水平及其与浮游植物多样性的关系。结果表明:湛江港外海水营养状态指数由北向南、由湾口向湾外递减;浮游植物多样性指数和均匀度则是由北向南增加,东南部水质较好,东北部水质较差;将营养盐含量及营养状态水平与浮游植物多样性指数和均匀度利用最小二乘法进行相关性,相关性不显著,另外,调查期间氮磷比例均失去平衡,这可能是影响该海域浮游植物量与营养盐水平之间关系的原因。