基于水体光学分类的二类水体水环境参数遥感监测进展

二类水体主要包括内陆及近岸水体,受浮游植物、悬浮颗粒、有色可溶性有机物等多种因素影响,光学特性复杂多变,难以建立统一的水环境参数遥感定量估算模型.针对水体的光学特征,进行水体光学分类,进而反演水环境参数的方法,不仅能够提高参数估算精度,而且便于模型在同类水体中推广应用.水体光学分类方法主要包括基于固有光学特征的光学分类...     

矿物中稀土元素扩散作用的理论研究及其扩散参数的预测

矿物中的微量元素在地质环境下能否保持有效封闭,主要取决于其扩散性质,而稀土元素(REE)是探讨地质作用过程及其物理化学条件等重要的示踪剂,查明其在不同矿物中的扩散行为对于地学研究具有重要意义。本文通过分析矿物晶格结构和离子类型对元素扩散行为的制约规律,探讨了REE在不同矿物中的扩散迁移。在此基础上,利用多元统计分析方法得出扩散参数与扩散体系不同晶体化学参数之间的关系方程,建立了计算1atm、无水环境下REE在不同矿物中扩散参数的多变量模型,由此模型预测的REE在不同矿物中的扩散参数E和lnD0的值,与实验测定结果在实验误差范围内具有很好的一致性。与以往的预测模型相比,多变量模型能更全面地反映扩散体系晶体化学因素对扩散速率的制约。此外本研究结果显示,REE在矿物晶格中扩散作用的主要影响因素是阳离子,而非当前认为的阴离子。     

川中龙岗—营山地区雷口坡组雷四3亚段储层成岩作用及孔隙演化

四川盆地中部龙岗-营山地区中三叠统雷口坡组雷四3亚段储层发育较好,在颗粒型白云岩中显示丰富的油气,具有良好的勘探前景.通过对研究区30余口钻井岩心、薄片的宏观及微观观察,结合地球化学特征,对成岩作用类型及特征进行较详细的研究,探讨了成岩作用与储集空间演化的关系.研究发现区内雷四3亚段储层成岩演化过程复杂,各种成岩作用发育,储层质量的好坏受成岩作用影响明显.压实压溶作用、多期胶结作用以及多期充填作用导致粒间孔、晶间孔大幅度减少;混合水白云石化作用、表生期和埋藏期溶蚀作用以及构造破裂作用是优质储层形成的关键,形成了大量的粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔、晶间溶孔和溶蚀缝,成为现今该层段的主要储集空间.     

Teshima pyroclastics: Onset of characteristic Setouchi magmatism induced by slab melting at 14.8 Ma

Ar-Ar ages, and petrographical and geochemical characteristics of pyroclastics and an overlying lava from Teshima Island, southwest Japan are presented. Although previous geological and age data suggested Teshima pyroclastics were products of magmatism > 3 my prior to lava flows of Setouchi volcanic rocks generated in association with southward migration of the southwest Japan arc sliver during opening of the Sea of Japan backarc basin at ~ 15 Ma, the present results led to the conclusion that a sequence of Setouchi volcanism, induced by slab melting and subsequent melt-mantle reactions, produced both pyroclastics and lava at 14.6–14.8 Ma. This age is oldest among those reported so far and may represent the timing of onset of characteristic Setouchi magmatism immediately posterior to and hence as a result of the mega-tectonic event including rotation of the southwest Japan arc sliver.     

Shimajiri Group equivalent sedimentary rocks dredged from sea knolls off Kume Island,central Ryukyus: Implications for timing and mode of rifting of the middle Okinawa Trough back-arc basin

The late Cenozoic geohistory of the Ryukyu arc is closely related to the rifting history of the Okinawa Trough. The submarine geology and stratigraphy of areas around Kume Island, which is situated near the eastern rifted margin of the middle Okinawa Trough, provide key constraints to understand the timing and mode of Okinawa Trough rifting. Here we report the lithology of sedimentary rocks dredged along slopes of ~1000-m-deep sea knolls located north and northwest off Kume Island, and their depositional ages determined by calcareous nannofossils and strontium (Sr) isotope analyses. Various types of sedimentary rocks, such as siltstone, very fine-grained sandstone, medium-grained sandstone, fossiliferous coarse-grained sandstone, and tuffaceous sandstone, were recovered at two dredge sites. These sedimentary rocks are lithologically similar to those in the Aka Formation and a part of the Maja Formation of the Shimajiri Group in nearby Kume Island. Calcareous nannofossils and Sr isotope analyses indicate their depositional ages from the early Pliocene to the early Pleistocene, which are generally consistent with those of the Aka Formation. The finding of the dredged rocks similar in lithology and ages to the Aka Formation indicates that marine deltaic area continued toward north and northwest from Kume Island during these periods. The presence of the Shimajiri Group equivalent sedimentary rocks at the dredge sites are likely related to the main rifting of the Okinawa Trough after ca. 2 Ma in the central Ryukyus.     

国标矢量数据格式转换几何精度评估模型比较

通过对国标矢量数据转换过程的分析,研究转换过程中几何精度损失的具体问题,提出了三种用于检验转换过程中几何精度损失的评估模型。实验结果表明,该评估模型在不同数据量和数据难度的情况下所产生的结果和模型的复杂度有较大关系。     

基于FY-4A大气温度廓线数据的西北太平洋低云云顶高度反演研究

西北太平洋的低云云顶高度(cloud top height,CTH)是气候研究和气象灾害监测中的重要参数。研究中常用卫星数据获得大范围、连续变化的低云云顶高度,但其与实际的低云云顶高度存在较大的偏差。因此,基于低云云顶一般在低层逆温层底这一观测现象,提出一种利用 FY-4A 卫星大气垂直廓线数据反演低云云顶高度的方法(称为“逆温法”),并尝试用于西北太平洋低云云顶高度反演研究。利用星载激光雷达 CALIPSO(Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation)探测的低云云顶高度,检验 FY-4A 卫星的云顶高度产品(CTH_AGRI)和“逆温法”反演的低云云顶高度结果(CTH_GIIRS ),表明两者均显著偏低,与 CALIPSO 探测的云顶高度差分别为 -0. 49 km和-0. 27 km,相较而言,“逆温法”反演的低云云顶高度更接近 CALIPSO 的探测结果,优于FY-4A卫星的云顶高度产品。     

大连地区地震的空间分布聚类分析

本文对聚类分析的原理进行了阐述,并且对大连地区1970年以来的3级以上地震进行了聚类分析,通过分析可以发现,大连地区的地震活动主要集中在2、4、6和13号这4个区域内。