新疆塔克拉玛干沙漠中两个钻孔的孢粉分析及其意义

通过塔中1井和满西1井两个钻孔的孢粉特征.划分出7个组合带.上新世晚期.塔克拉玛干大部为草原和荒漠平原,河流沿岸生长着以榆为主的落叶阔叶林.第四纪以来气候干旱.北部以荒漠为主;南部以荒漠草原为主,平原河谷广泛分布着以扬、柳、榆为主的落叶阔叶林.根据古植被可以看出,上新古世有面积不大的沙漠出现,到第四纪北部沙漠发育,南部具阶段性发育.     

大巴山国家地质公园地质遗迹景观类型及评价

在对四川大巴山国家地质公园地质遗迹景观实地调查研究的基础上,对资源类型进行了划分.综合前人的评价方法对地质遗迹景观进行定性与定量评价,结果表明,褶皱构造景观、岩溶地貌景观是公园的导向性地质遗迹景观.公园旅游资源的自然属性得分率较高,其典型性、稀有性、奇特性特征突出,资源的科学价值、美学价值高,旅游开发潜力大.     

广元市地质环境管理数据库系统设计

为在该市地质灾害防治中提高灾害管理、评估和预测技术,基于网络地理信息系统设计该市地质环境管理数据库系统.系统利用数据库技术和瓦片地图技术实现地质环境数据和地质灾害数据的有机集成、图形化显示、查询和分析.采用B/S架构实现多人对同一数据的访问,大大缩短灾害上报和响应时间.     

基于自然格网索引的多尺度面实体增量级联更新方法

多尺度地理空间数据增量级联更新方法是增强地理空间数据的现势性的重要手段之一。级联更新包括多尺度数据匹配、关联关系建立、匹配与变化检测、增量信息制图综合、级联更新等步骤,其中,相邻比例尺数据匹配是多尺度数据关联关系建立的基本方法,也是实现级联更新的重要基础。针对现有方法中多尺度同名实体间的关联关系匹配的精度和效率问题,本文提出了基于自然格网索引的多尺度面实体增量级联更新方法。首先,检测出同源同尺度矢量空间数据发生变化的增量包;其次通过自然格网索引确定更新实体所在格网位置,并进行删除、自动或手动更新;最后实施制图综合、接边以及多尺度面实体增量级联更新信息传递操作。以赣州市虎山乡部分区域居民地要素为例,实验结果表明：(1)在匹配阈值为0.51的情况下,相较于直接匹配的方法,采用本文提出的自然格网索引方法进行匹配所消耗的时间减少了88.4%,查全率和查准率分别提升了5%和4%,充分说明了自然格网索引方法在匹配相邻尺度间地理要素时的必要性;(2)相较于传统的Hausdorff距离、欧式距离和质心包含3种匹配方法,本文所提出的方法在耗时（1.34 s）、查全率（66.5%）和查准率（94.1%）方...     

Automated detection of contaminated radar image pixels in mountain areas

In mountain areas, radar observations are often contaminated （1） by echoes from high-speed moving vehicles and （2） by point-wise ground clutter under either normal propagation （NP） or anomalous propagation （AP） conditions. Level Ⅱ data are collected from KMTX （Salt Lake City, Utah） radar to analyze these two types of contamination in the mountain area around the Great Salt Lake. Human experts provide the ＂ground truth＂ for possible contamination of either type on each individual pixel. Common features are then extracted for contaminated pixels of each type. For example, pixels contaminated by echoes from high-speed moving vehicles are characterized by large radial velocity and spectrum width. Echoes from a moving train tend to have larger velocity and reflectivity but smaller spectrum width than those from moving vehicles on highways. These contaminated pixels are only seen in areas of large terrain gradient （in the radial direction along the radar beam）. The same is true for the second type of contamination - pointwise ground clutters. Six quality control （QC） parameters are selected to quantify the extracted features. Histograms are computed for each QC parameter and grouped for contaminated pixels of each type and also for non-contaminated pixels. Based on the computed histograms, a fuzzy logical algorithm is developed for automated detection of contaminated pixels. The algorithm is tested with KMTX radar data under different （clear and rainy） weather conditions.     

四川盆地威远气田和资阳含气区震旦系油气成藏差异性研究

本文通过对四川盆地元古宇-下古生界勘探最成功的两个地区--威远震旦系气田和资阳震旦系含气区天然气成藏要素和成藏过程的详细比较,得出 ①资阳含气区和威远气田的原始烃源相同,均是下寒武统生成的油裂解的天然气,不同的是资阳为残留的气顶气,威远是水溶气脱溶气.②资阳含气区和威远气田震旦系碳酸盐岩基质孔隙度相近,资阳地区溶蚀洞穴发育,但裂缝不发育,储层渗透性较差,非均质性强;威远地区储层洞穴不发育,但裂缝发育,形成统一的裂缝-孔洞系统.③威远地区具有统一的圈闭,闭合度高(800 m),闭合面积大(895 km2).资阳含气区不具有统一的圈闭,多为局部的小高点.④喜马拉雅期隆升作用使资阳统一含气区分散化和气藏变小,形成多压力系统的含气区;威远地区快速大幅度隆升, 溶于水中的天然气脱溶, 形成具同一压力系统的整装气田.⑤资阳含气区的成藏过程为 (资阳-威远)古油藏→原油裂解→气顶天然气→隆升调整→现今(残留)含气区,其天然气藏是隆升调整成藏,是在原古气藏的基础上改造残留而成;威远地区的成藏过程则是(资阳-威远)古油藏→原油裂解→天然气大量溶于水中→隆升使得带有大量天然气的水向威远运移和天然气脱溶→现今(新生)气藏,属天然气的脱溶成藏.资阳含气区受古构造的控制明显;威远气田则主要受今构造的制约.因此, 在四川盆地震旦系和下古生界的油气勘探中, 既要研究其古构造的特征和演化, 也要研究今构造的特征和分布规律, 才能发现不同类型的天然气藏.     

内蒙古呼伦湖沙丘带形成原因分析

近年来,内蒙古呼伦湖地区降水偏少、气温偏高,导致湖水水位下降。引起沙丘带的面积逐渐增加。文章基于新巴尔虎右旗30年气象资料变化,试分析呼伦湖沙丘带形成原因。并分析沙丘带发展趋势。     

Solute transfer during consolidation based on a solid‐fluid‐solute coupling model

The migration of contaminant through soil is usually modeled using the advection‐dispersion equation and assumes that the porous media is stationary without introducing a constitutive equation to represent soil structure. Consequently, time‐dependent deformation induced by soil consolidation or physical remediation is not considered, despite the need to consider these variables during planning for the remediation of contaminated ground, the prediction of contaminated groundwater movement, and the design of engineered landfills. This study focuses on the numerical modeling of solute transfer during consolidation as a first step to resolve some of these issues. We combine a coupling theory‐based mass conservation law for soil‐fluid‐solute phases with finite element modeling to simulate solute transfer during deformation and groundwater convection. We also assessed the sensitivity of solute transfer to the initial boundary conditions. The modeling shows the migration of solute toward the ground surface as a result of ground settlement and the dissipation of excess pore water pressure. The form of solute transport is dependent on the ground conditions, including factors such as the loading schedule, contamination depth, and water content. The results indicate that an understanding of the interaction between coupling phases is essential in predicting solute transfer in ground deformation and could provide an appropriate approach to ground management for soil remediation.     

大黄鱼(Pseudosciaena crocea)精子冷冻前后的活力及超微结构变化

采用两步降温法超低温冷冻保存大黄鱼精子,并用透射电镜技术研究了精子的超微结构损伤.结果表明,大黄鱼冻精的激活率、运动时间及寿命与鲜精相比无显著差异.鲜精中28.5％的精子形态结构异常,冻精中37％的精子形态结构异常.形态结构正常的精子表现为质膜与核膜结构完整、无膨胀现象,袖套、轴丝及中心粒结构正常,线粒体形态完整、嵴较发达;形态结构异常的精子表现为质膜破裂、脱落,质膜膨胀,核膜破裂、脱落,核局部受损伤,线粒体膨胀、嵴退化或消失,线粒体移位或脱落.结果显示,以Cortland溶液为稀释液,10％ DMSO为抗冻剂,对大黄鱼精子具有较好的抗冻保护作用.