海量巡天数据在线可视化技术综述

海量巡天数据在线可视化是多波段数据融合的应用之一,对大数据时代天文科研工作和科学普及具有重要意义。近年来,国外出现越来越多类似谷歌地图等互联网地图的天图在线可视化系统。为解决拼接生成的大巡天数据文件所导致的在线加载显示缓慢的问题,天文界普遍采用瓦片地图技术。该技术对数据进行分层保存,在浏览器端按需加载、分层显示。HiPS(hierarchicalprogressive survey)和TOAST(tessellated octahedral adaptive subdivision transform)等分层可视化技术以及一些巡天数据拼接和瓦片生成工具,如Hipsgen.jar和Montage等,目前已应用于Aladin Lite,ESASky,WWT(WorldWide Telescope)等在线可视化系统的开发。海量巡天数据在线可视化也遇到一些需要解决的问题,如数据分层导致了数据量的再次增加,巡天图像拼接耗时较长,多信使数据融合显示等。综述了分层可视化技术、瓦片地图金字塔的创建等内容,并对几款主流的在线可视化系统进行了对比分析,讨论了在线可视化遇到的问题及发展方向。     

火星轨道器次表层探测雷达数据处理技术与现状研究

火星是人类重要的地外天体探测目标之一,对火星表面进行的探测和研究表明,火星表面曾经存在液态水,水是生命存在的基础,因此,在次表层寻找不同形式的水是目前火星探测的重要科学目标之一.近17年来,欧洲火星快车(Mars Express)上搭载的火星次表层和电离层探测先进雷达(Mars Advanced Radar for S...     

柴达木盆地苏干湖表层沉积与尘暴事件——元素示踪的初步结果

通过分析苏干湖地区10个地表表层沉积物、9个大气降尘(含2个尘暴降尘)、16个湖泊表层沉积物等样品的8种常量-微量元素和11种稀土元素的含量,以及同类沉积不同元素含量和不同沉积同一元素含量的相关性,结果表明,在湖泊沉积体系中Al、Fe、Sc含量的变化与强风-尘暴过程有关,指示了湖泊沉积碎屑颗粒风成输入的可能性．元素Fe、Sc含量在3种不同的沉积物中差异不大,与尘暴事件的强度和频次有关．稀土元素结果显示3类沉积具有同源性．苏干湖沉积可以用来重建研究区尘暴演化历史．     

青海苏干湖表层沉积物粒度分布模式与大气粉尘记录

位于干旱区柴达木盆地具有年纹层的苏干湖是以地下水补给为主的内陆封闭湖泊, 其表层沉积物粒度具有多组分峰态分布特征, Weibull 函数的拟合结果发现, 其粒度分布全部具 有4 个基本组分: 超细粒组分, 众数粒径在1 μm 上下; 细粒组分, 众数粒径在5~10 μm; 粗粒组分, 众数粒径在50~100 μm; 砂组分, 众数粒径在500 $m 左右。粒度主峰出现在细 粒组分或者粗粒组分。直接来自大气粉尘的冬季湖泊冰面样品及当地尘暴样品的Weibull 函数粒度拟合也显现出了相似的分布模式, 冰面样品的粒度主峰位于众数粒径在15~20 μmm 的 细粒组分, 砂组分(众数粒径452.9μm) 的出现指示出砂粒在冬半年沿冰面而进入湖泊中心。 尘暴降尘样品在尘暴季节(5 月份) 和非尘暴季节(11 月份) 的粒度分布普遍具有3 个组分, 缺少砂组分, 强沙尘暴事件样品则由4 个组分组成, 粒度主峰均位于众数粒径在100~200 μm 的粗粒组分。结果显示, 苏干湖湖泊沉积能够较好记录当地大气粉尘, 砂组分与湖泊周边干旱地表经历的近地面强沙尘活动有关, 粗粒组分记录了区域性的尘暴事件, 细粒组分主要反映 流域径流状况, 超细粒组分代表干旱区的大气背景粉尘和气溶胶。研究表明, 苏干湖内陆湖 泊沉积客观记录了区域大气粉尘和尘暴事件, 具有重建干旱区大气粉尘变化历史的潜在优势。     

海南岛东南浅海表层沉积物粒度特征及沉积环境

对海南岛东南浅海377组表层沉积物样品(平均水深112.3 m)开展粒度测定及沉积物类型划分,并运用统计规律及沉积输运趋势分析,探讨了底质沉积物分布格局与物质来源及沉积动力环境关系.结果表明,海南岛东南浅海沉积物类型复杂,共分布13种沉积物类型,粒度组成以粉砂和砂为主,平均粒径均值为5.73Φ,优势粒级为细粉砂级(6～...     

艾丁湖北景区旅游环境容量预测研究

随着旅游业的迅猛发展,近年来干旱区平原湖泊的旅游开发越来越多,其旅游环境容量的研究也成为一个重要的课题。以干旱区典型的艾丁湖旅游区为研究案例,利用旅游环境容量静态模型(包括旅游资源空间容量、旅游生态容量、旅游经济承载容量以及旅游地居民心理承载容量等测算模型)以及"木桶原理"理论对艾丁湖北景区环境容量进行定量预测。最终得出结论:艾丁湖北景区最终的旅游环境容量主要取决于旅游资源空间容量;而依据"木桶原理",滨水景点作为旅游资源空间容量的瓶颈,成为整个旅游景区发展的关键因素,为艾丁湖生态旅游的建设规划和持续开发提供了科学依据,提出了初步的旅游容量测算标准,为干旱区平原湖泊的生态旅游持续开发提供了一定的参考模式。     

Technical issues in modeling surface-drifter behavior on the East China Sea shelf

To investigate technical issues associated with the particle-tracking numerical models frequently used to reproduce the behavior of objects drifting in the actual ocean, the trajectories of satellite-tracked drifters released in 2003, 2004, and 2007 were reproduced using a numerical model. In particular, the wind stress driving the surface currents which carried the drifters has been computed using satellite-observed QuikSCAT/Seawinds data provided twice daily in conjunction with in-situ Ieodo-station wind data. Although it is difficult to reproduce the trajectory of a single drifter using numerical models because of the uncertainty induced by random-walk processes, the similarity between the modeled particle and observed buoy trajectories is statistically significant, except for the experiment in 2007. In general, the satellite-derived wind field modified using in situ data is likely to be able to reproduce observed drifter motion. However, it is found that the model is unable to reproduce drifter trajectories in windy 2007. The numerical modeling result demonstrates that wind-induced leeway drift prevails in drifter motion in 2007, in spite of the wind-resistant drogue attached to the drifters, and that this drift shows non-negligible spatiotemporal variability, suggesting that leeway drift is not simply proportional to wind speeds, as in previous studies have maintained.     

鱿鱼皮明胶水解物降血压活性研究

探讨了秘鲁鱿鱼(Dosidicus eschrichitii Steenstrup)皮明胶水解物对血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)的抑制活性以及其降血压作用。采用超滤法对明胶水解液进行初步分离;采用比色法检测不同分子量范围鱿鱼皮明胶水解物组分的ACE抑制活性;采用两肾一夹型建立肾血管性高血压大鼠(RHR)模型,经口服预防给药30 d后,测定大鼠血压和血液中血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)含量。试验结果表明鱿鱼皮明胶水解物体外均能明显抑制ACE的活性,其中UC-2和UF-2的半抑制浓度(IC50)分别为0.71和0.79 mg/mL。UF-2组分经口服预防给药可显著降低肾血管性高血压大鼠的动脉血压和大鼠血浆中的AngⅡ水平,具有较好的降血压效果。     

黑臭水体水面阴影提取的自适应阈值算法研究

黑臭水体水面阴影对水面光谱信息产生干扰,严重地影响了利用高空间分辨率遥感数据进行水质状况监测的精度,因此,在数据预处理中必须进行阴影剔除。本研究基于无人机高光谱遥感数据,通过分析各种波段组合下黑臭水体水面的阴影像元和水体像元的光谱特征空间,选择以492、666和792 nm处的反射率建立黑臭水体的河面阴影指数（RSSI）,并利用最大类间方差法（OTSU）自动确定划分本影、半影以及水体的阈值。利用南京金川河和龙江河的无人机高光谱遥感影像对算法进行测试,结果表明：RSSI阴影指数能突出显示阴影与水体的差异;OTSU自适应确定的阈值能较好地区分本影、半影和水体,阴影的总体识别精度达到85%以上。该算法能够有效地识别黑臭水体水面阴影,为后续开展水体的定性、定量遥感监测提供数据预处理的技术支持。     

Geochemical diversity in submarine HIMU basalts from Austral Islands, French Polynesia

We present the first report of geochemical data for submarine basalts collected by a manned submersible from Rurutu, Tubuai, and Raivavae in the Austral Islands in the South Pacific, where subaerial basalts exhibit HIMU isotopic signatures with highly radiogenic Pb isotopic compositions. With the exception of one sample from Tubuai, the ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages of the submarine basalts show no significant age gaps between the submarine and subaerial basalts, and the major element compositions are indistinguishable at each island. However, the variations in Pb, Sr, Nd, and Hf isotopic compositions in the submarine basalts are much larger than those previously reported in subaerial basalts. The submarine basalts with less-radiogenic Pb and radiogenic Nd and Hf isotopic compositions show systematically lower concentrations in highly incompatible elements than the typical HIMU basalts. These geochemical variations are best explained by a two-component mixing process in which the depleted asthenospheric mantle was entrained by the mantle plume from the HIMU reservoir during its upwelling, and the melts from the HIMU reservoir and depleted asthenospheric mantle were then mixed in various proportions. The present and compiled data demonstrate that the HIMU reservoir has a uniquely low ¹⁷⁶Hf/¹⁷⁷Hf decoupled from ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd, suggesting that it was derived from an ancient subducted slab. Moreover, the Nd/Hf ratios of the HIMU basalts and curvilinear Nd–Hf isotopic mixing trend require higher Nd/Hf ratios for the melt from the HIMU reservoir than that from the depleted mantle component. Such elevated Nd/Hf ratios could reflect source enrichment by a subducted slab during reservoir formation.