地倾斜观测资料的归算

本文针对我国地倾斜观测仪器设置的实情，推导出由任意两方向设置的倾斜仪观测资料计算地倾斜角及其倾斜方位角有的通用公式，以及归算至南北、东西方位的公式。用本文的公式对泰安台两种类型倾斜仪观测进行了归算，归算后其倾斜固体潮曲线同就变化，相关性明显增强。对大同－阳讥Ｍｓ－６．１地震前的倾斜异常资料也进行了归算，归算后异常也比较明显。最后，作用还对我国地倾斜观测资料的归算工作提出了具体意见。     

论风险预防原则在南极环境管理中的适用

风险预防原则是国际环境法中重要的一般原则,但是《关于环境保护的南极条约议定书》中却没有明确地规定该原则。在对比分析环境法领域中现有的关于风险预防原则的解释基础之上,避开了科学不确定性所产生的一些适用上的矛盾,从环境脆弱性的角度提出了一种全新的风险预防原则构成要素的结构分析。该结构分析有助于应对南极环境管理过程中所面临的困境,尤其是避免了与议定书中相关规定的冲突,可以更好地解决南极环境管理中的累积性影响、外来物种应对等;同时,完善全面环境影响评价报告中关于"知识差距和不确定性"的规定,也有助于南极环境的有效保护。     

中国对虾成虾肠道微生物区系

对野生健康中国对虾成虾肠道微生物区系进行了研究.从其肠道中分离出47株菌,它们分别属于弧菌属、发光杆菌属、不动杆菌属、假单胞菌属、黄杆菌属、气单胞菌属、屈挠杆菌属和色杆菌属8个属.其中弧菌属和发光杆菌属在整个肠道中为优势菌属,不动杆菌属和假单胞菌属为次优势菌属,黄杆菌属、气单胞菌属、屈挠杆菌属和色杆菌属为非优势菌属.在对虾的整个肠道中,前肠和中肠的优势菌属为弧菌属,而后肠的优势菌属为发光杆菌属.在弧菌属中溶藻胶弧菌、漂浮弧菌和坎贝氏弧菌为优势菌,哈唯氏弧菌为非优势菌.前肠、中肠和后肠的菌量分别为1.3×105、2.8×105和1.1×104cfu/虾体.     

北极海洋细菌BSw20353的胞外蛋白酶性质

从北极楚科奇海水中分离到一株产蛋白酶耐冷河豚毒素假交替单胞菌BSw20353。该菌可合成多种胞外蛋白酶,而培养温度影响蛋白酶的合成。分离纯化出其中一种在15℃、25℃培养时均有生成的酶:该酶最适作用温度55℃;最适pH8;金属离子Hg2+、Sr2+抑制酶活,Fe2+、Mn2+则具有激活作用;该酶属于金属蛋白酶,受螯合剂邻二氮杂菲、EDTA及EGTA抑制,基本不受丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂PMSF、TPCK及TLCK抑制,半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂E-64对该酶无抑制作用,天冬氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂pepstatin则具有一定抑制作用;SDS、二硫苏糖醇、碘乙酸可抑制酶活;而在变性剂尿素、盐酸胍作用下,酶活反而有所增高。     

Studies on culture condition and extracellular hydrolase of psychrophilic bacteria from Arctic sea ice

Arctic sea ice in the polar region provides a cold habitat for microbial community. Arctic sea ice microorganisms are revealed to be of considerable importance in basic research and potential in biotechnological application. This paper investigated the culture condition and extraceIlular hydrolase of 14 strains of different Arctic sea ice bacteria. The results showed that optimal growth temperature of strains is 15 ℃ or 20 ℃. The optimal pH is about 8.0. They hardly grow at acid condition. 3 % NaCl is necessary for better growth. These strains have different abilities in producing amylase, protease, eellulase and lipase. Pseudoalteronomas sp. Bsi429 and Pseudoalteronomas sp. Bsi539 produced both cellulose, protease and lipase. These results provide a basis for further developing and exploiting the cold adapted marine enzyme resources.     

Phylogenetic analysis of bacteria in sea ice brine sampled from the Canada Basin, Arctic Ocean

Bacterial diversity in sea ice brine samples which collected from four stations located at the Canada Basin, Arctic Ocean was analyzed by PCR-DGGE. Twenty-three 16S rDNA sequences of bacteria obtained from DGGE bands were cloned and sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis clustered these sequences within γ-proteobacteria, Cytophaga-Flexlbacter-Bacteroides （CFB） group, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria. The phylotype of Pseudoalteromonas in the γ-proteobacteria was predominant and members of the CFB group and γ-proteobacteria were highly abundant in studied sea ice brine samples.     

Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans

A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level.     

厦门市S波段双偏振雷达测雨效果分析

选取2016年7月—2017年12月16次降水过程,利用厦门双偏振雷达的偏振参量资料及区域自动站小时雨强资料,统计分析不同降水强度下的偏振参量的值分布,并且对5种测雨方程的测雨效果及误差进行分析,主要得到以下结论:1)Z_(DR)、K_(dp)只与粒子形状、取向和相态有关,随着雨强的增大,雨滴粒子增大,Z_h、Z_(DR)、K_(dp)总体趋势均是不断增大的,ρ_(hv)相差不大,基本在0.9以上;2)测雨方程R(Z_h)、R(Z_h,Z_(DR))的估测降水对实况降水严重低估,而方程R(K_(dp),Z_(DR))会高估实况降水,方程R(K_(dp))与R(Z_h,K_(dp),Z_(DR))的估测降水与实况降水最为接近;3)方程R(Z_h)、R(Z_h,Z_(DR))对小/中雨量级的降水估测效果较好,方程R(K_(dp))、R(K_(dp),Z_(DR))、R(Z_h,K_(dp),Z_(DR))对小/中雨量级及大雨量级的降水估测误差较大,而对暴雨以上量级降水的估测效果则有明显的改善,特别是方程R(K_(dp));4)从5种测雨方程的稳定性来看,在小/中雨量级的降水中测雨方程的稳定性均较差,而在大雨以上量级的降水中稳定性明显改善,其中方程R(Z_h)、R(Z_h,Z_(DR))更加稳定一些,但与其他3组方程相差不大。