泥河湾盆地虎头梁剖面河湖相沉积物磁组构特征及其环境意义

泥河湾盆地在第四纪环境变化和古人类演化研究领域占有重要地位。虎头梁剖面记录了中更新世以来泥河湾盆地逐渐消亡的过程。本文对虎头梁天然露头剖面进行了详细的沉积学、岩石磁学和磁组构研究。剖面沉积物中的磁性矿物以假单畴（PSD）的磁铁矿为主,还含有一定量的赤铁矿,磁组构类型为正常沉积磁组构。根据虎头梁剖面沉积相的划分和磁组构参数特征,将泥河湾盆地中-晚更新世晚期的演化过程划分为3个阶段：下部为第Ⅰ阶段（60~53m）,中部为第Ⅱ阶段（53~12m）,上部为第Ⅲ阶段（12~0m）,包含3个完整湖侵旋回,每个旋回由下部灰黄色粗粒三角洲相到中部黄灰色滨湖相再到顶部灰绿色细粒湖相组成,相应的磁组构参数值由大到小的变化规律,中部第Ⅱ阶段推断由气候因素主导,上部第Ⅲ阶段可能主要由构造驱动,长期稳定的优势古水流方向以NW向为主,而东坡遗址时期的古人类可能生活在湖侵阶段的相对短期湖退的滨岸地带。

     

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近半个世纪来气候变暖背景下黄河流域潜在蒸散量的变化(英文)

According to the meteorological observation data of 72 stations from 1960 to 2010 in the Huanghe (Yellow) River Watershed, China, the long-term variations of potential evapotranspiration, calculated in the modified Penman-Monteith model of Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, were presented, as well as the meteorological causes for the decrease of potential evapotranspiration were discussed. Since 1960, temperature has risen significantly and potential evapotranspiration a decreasing trend, which indicated the existence of "Evaporation paradox" in the Huanghe River Watershed. This phenomenon was not consistent spatially or temporally with the increase of temperature, potential evapotranspiration decreased in spring, summer and winter, mainly over most parts of Shanxi and Henan, and some parts of Gansu, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, and Shaanxi. During the recent half century, the trends of temperature and potential evapotranspiration were negatively correlated at most of the stations, while precipitation and potential evapotranspiration exhibited a contrary trend. Calculated in multiple regressions, the contribution to potential evapotranspiration change of related meteorological factors was discussed, including mean pressure, maximum and minimum temperature, sunshine hours, relative humidity and average wind speed. The decrease of wind speed in the Huanghe River Watershed may be the dominating factor causing potential evapotranspiration decreasing.     

On the Temporal and Spatial Properties of Elementary Bursts

“Elementary bursts” refer to fine time structures on scales of tens of milli-second to a few seconds in flare radiations. In this paper, we investigate temporal and spatial properties of elementary bursts by exploiting high-cadence Hα (100 ms) and hard X-ray (125 – 500 ms) observations of an impulsive flare on March 16, 2000. We find that the time scale of 2 – 3 s is likely an upper limit of the elementary bursts in this event, at which hard X-ray emissions observed by different instruments correlate, low energy (≤30 keV) hard X-rays and Hα flux correlate, and Hα emissions at conjugate flare kernels correlate. From our methods, and also largely limited by instrument resolutions, there is a weak indication of existence of sub-second structures. With the high-resolution Hα data, we also attempt to explore the spatial structure of “elementary bursts” by determining the average spatial displacement of Hα peak emission between successive “elementary bursts” defined from hard X-ray light curves. We find that, at the time scale of 3 s, the smallest spatial scale, as limited by the imaging resolution, is about 0.4″. We discuss these results with respect to mechanisms of fragmented magnetic energy release.     

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Variation of bacteria biomass and its possible controlling factors in the East China Sea

Two surveys were performed for determining bacteria biomass (BB), temperature, salinity, chlorophyll a (chl-a) and nutrient concentrations at 11 stations with three sampling depths in the high-incidence regions of red tide in the East China Sea (ECS) in the spring of 2006. Temperature and salinity increased from nearshore to offshore region and from high latitude to low latitude in the two cruises of 2006. BB were between 0.3–5.2 mgC m⁻³ (about 2.1 mgC m⁻³ on average) and 0.2–6.0 mgC m⁻³ (about 2.7 mgC m⁻³ on average) respectively in the two cruises. BB in the surface layer decreased from the Changjiang River estuary to high sea and from low latitude to high latitude. The results showed that bacterial growth was regulated by temperature, primary production and inorganic nutrient concentrations depending on different hydrographic conditions. In the surface and middle layers where the primary production can supply enough organic substrate, temperature was the main factor to control bacteria biomass. BB showed a good correlation between the surface and middle layers in both cruises. The distribution of nutrients during both cruises showed a similar decreasing trend from nearshore region and high latitude to offshore region and low latitude. High BB values were mainly recorded from samples in the middle layer where chl-a concentrations were also high, indicating primary production being strongly correlated with temperature over the ECS shelf. In the offshore area, phosphate and silicate became limiting factors for phytoplankton growth with indirect influence on BB. Bacteria played an important role in nitrogen regeneration process turning organic nitrogen to inorganic forms such as NH₄ ⁺. The increasing ratio of NH₄ ⁺/DIN could be a proof of that.     

The formation of porphyry copper deposits

Copper is a moderately incompatible chalcophile element. Its behavior is strongly controlled by sulfides. The speciation of sulfur is controlled by oxygen fugacity. Therefore, porphyry Cu deposits are usually oxidized (with oxygen fugacities > ΔFMQ +2) (Mungall 2002; Sun et al. 2015). The problem is that while most of the magmas at convergent margins are highly oxidized, porphyry Cu deposits are very rare, suggesting that high oxygen fugacity alone is not sufficient. Partial melting of mantle peridotite even at very high oxygen fugacities forms arc magmas with initial Cu contents too low to form porphyry Cu deposits directly (Lee et al. 2012; Wilkinson 2013). Here we show that partial melting of subducted young oceanic slabs at high oxygen fugacity (>ΔFMQ +2) may form magmas with initial Cu contents up to >500 ppm, favorable for porphyry mineralization. Pre-enrichment of Cu through sulfide saturation and accumulation is not necessarily beneficial to porphyry Cu mineralization. In contrast, re-melting of porphyritic hydrothermal sulfide associated with iron oxides may have major contributions to porphyry deposits. Thick overriding continental crust reduces the “leakage” of hydrothermal fluids, thereby promoting porphyry mineralization. Nevertheless, it is also more difficult for ore forming fluids to penetrate the thick continental crust to reach the depths of 2–4 km where porphyry deposits form.     

辽南早元古代花岗岩的变形温度及其构造意义

辽南早元古代辽河群中片麻状花岗岩的变形温度显示出645—690℃,550—610℃和485℃±三组温度值,表明花岗岩遭受了三幕构造变形。而区域构造解析亦表明辽河群在早元古时期经历了三幕构造变动。花岗岩的温度系列与区域变形序列具有一致性,排除了花岗岩晚期构造侵位的可能性。变形温度以550—610℃居多,意味着该幕构造形迹保存最好。第三幕变形变质作用相对较弱,仅局部出现485℃的温度值。     

Paleoproterozoic Extensional Structure and Its Controlling on Mineralization in the East of Liaoning Province

IntroductionThe area of eastern Liaoning is an importantmetal and nonmetal metallogenetic district in China,and the Liaohe group is one of the most importantstrata that hosts Pb, Zn, Au, B and Mg etcstratabound deposits. Up to now many geo1ogistssuch as Z…