鄂东武汉地区志留纪红层的发现及其地质意义

鄂东地区的志留纪地层为一套碎屑岩相沉积,因出露不佳且化石稀少,研究程度较低.本文报道了近期在武汉东部原划为"坟头组"的地层中新识别出来的一套紫红、红褐色夹少量黄绿色的碎屑岩组合,并将其厘定为清水组,相当于扬子地区的"下红层",根据该组中新发现的三叶虫、腕足类、棘皮类和鱼类等化石,其时代相当于埃隆中晚期至特列奇早期.武汉...     

北斗卫星导航系统单频伪距绝对定位精度分析

利用北斗卫星导航系统进行导航定位具有全天候、高精度、不受其他定位系统限制等优点.为验证目前系统定位精度,采用单频伪距绝对定位的方式,对系统试运行阶段和正式提供区域服务后两天的观测数据进行处理和分析.结果表明:北斗系统单频伪距绝对定位能够达到米级精度,可以满足基础测绘和日常生产的需要.     

高Rb/Sr岩石样品中Sr同位素多接收等离子体质谱分析校正方法研究

在利用多接收电感耦合等离子体质谱(MC-ICPMS)进行Sr同位素研究中,⁸⁷Rb对于⁸⁷Sr干扰严重。岩石样品经化学分离后,若Rb/Sr≤0.0005,可以采用传统的Rb干扰扣除方法对⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr测定值进行准确校正;但如果样品经化学分离后仍含有较高的Rb/Sr比,同量异位素的干扰不能完全消除,则无法准确校正⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr测定值,直接影响测试结果的准确度。本文针对Rb含量较高的地质样品设计两组实验,确定了⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr同位素比值与Rb/Sr元素含量比值的关系曲线,并在理论分析的基础上,提出包含同位素分馏校正在内的重叠干扰校正方法。通过实际地质样品验证,该校正方法在较高含量Rb元素共存(Rb/Sr<0.2)的Sr纯化液中,能够较为准确地测量⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr同位素比值,降低了MC-ICPMS分析地质样品中Sr同位素时对化学分离步骤的要求。而对于Rb/Sr>0.2的地质样品,因仪器分馏效应和记忆效应影响,测试精确度大大降低,无论采用何种校正方法均无法得到准确的Sr同位素组成。     

基于柯西先验分布的叠前弹性阻抗反演方法及应用

以贝叶斯反演为代表的概率化反演方法既能考虑观测数据的不确定性,又可以考虑待求解参数的先验信息,在实际地震反演中备受青睐。经研究表明,在柯西先验信息下获取的反演结果更具有稀疏性,且具有高分辨特征。叠前弹性阻抗反演是一种基于多角度部份叠加剖面的叠前地震反演方法,信息量丰富,计算效率高。这里在贝叶斯框架下,实现了基于柯西先验的叠前弹性阻抗反演方法,并提取了对储层流体敏感的弹性参数。实际资料应用表明,基于柯西先验的弹性阻抗反演方法合理可靠,具有较高的分辨能力,且提取的弹性参数能够较好地吻合实际钻遇结果。     

大跨径钢管混凝土拱桥减震控制装置参数的研究

大跨度桥梁结构的减震控制研究对于桥梁结构的抗震安全具有重要意义。本文以主跨368m的茅草街大桥为研究对象,基于ANSYS建立了该桥的三维有限元模型,并采用子空间迭代法分析了该桥的动力特性。在此基础上进行了大跨度钢管混凝土拱桥的地震响应及减震控制研究,重点进行了弹性连接装置和粘滞阻尼器减震效果的参数敏感性分析,并对比分析了不同位置布设减震装置时的效果。结果表明,纵飘振型对该桥肋纵向相对位移的贡献最大;弹性连接装置和阻尼器均能有效减小地震作用下该桥的肋梁纵向相对位移;综合考虑各关键部位的地震响应时,同时采用两类减震装置并将其分散布置时的减震效果最佳。结论可供大跨度中承式钢管混凝土系杆拱桥的抗震设计参考。     

SR-28地热井坍塌卡钻事故的处理

就SR-28地热井出现的由坍塌引起的卡钻事故原因进行了分析,针对事故原因分别采用了套铣、测卡、爆炸松扣等技术手段进行了处理,并取得了成功。介绍了该井事故的处理技术措施。     

Triple-oxygen-isotope determination of molecular oxygen incorporation in sulfate produced during abiotic pyrite oxidation (pH = 2-11)

Aqueous oxidation of sulfide minerals to sulfate is an integral part of the global sulfur and oxygen cycles. The current model for pyrite oxidation emphasizes the role of Fe²⁺-Fe³⁺ electron shuttling and repeated nucleophilic attack by water molecules on sulfur. Previous δ¹⁸O-labeled experiments show that a variable fraction (0-60%) of the oxygen in product sulfate is derived from dissolved O₂, the other potential oxidant. This indicates that nucleophilic attack cannot continue all the way to sulfate and that a sulfoxyanion of intermediate oxidation state is released into solution. The observed variability in O₂% may be due to the presence of competing oxidation pathways, variable experimental conditions (e.g. abiotic, biotic, or changing pH value), or uncertainties related to the multiple experiments needed to effectively use the δ¹⁸O label to differentiate sulfate-oxygen sources. To examine the role of O₂ and Fe³⁺ in determining the final incorporation of O₂ oxygen in sulfate produced during pyrite oxidation, we designed a set of aerated, abiotic, pH-buffered (pH = 2, 7, 9, 10, and 11), and triple-oxygen-isotope labeled solutions with and without Fe³⁺ addition. While abiotic and pH-buffered conditions help to eliminate variables, triple oxygen isotope labeling and Fe³⁺ addition help to determine the oxygen sources in sulfate and examine the role of Fe²⁺-Fe³⁺ electron shuttling during sulfide oxidation, respectively.Our results show that sulfate concentration increased linearly with time and the maximum concentration was achieved at pH 11. At pH 2, 7, and 9, sulfate production was slow but increased by 4× with the addition of Fe³⁺. Significant amounts of sulfite and thiosulfate were detected in pH ? 9 reactors, while concentrations were low or undetectable at pH 2 and 7. The triple oxygen isotope data show that at pH ? 9, product sulfate contained 21-24% air O₂ signal, similar to pH 2 with Fe³⁺ addition. Sulfate from the pH 2 reactor without Fe³⁺ addition and the pH 7 reactors all showed 28-29% O₂ signal. While the O₂% in final sulfate apparently clusters around 25%, the measurable deviations (>experimental error) from the 25% in many reaction conditions suggest that (1) O₂ does get incorporated into intermediate sulfoxyanions (thiosulfate and sulfite) and a fraction survives sulfite-water exchange (e.g. the pH 2 with no Fe³⁺ addition and both pH 7 reactors); and (2) direct O₂ oxidation dominates while Fe³⁺ shuttling is still competitive in the sulfite-sulfate step (e.g. the pH 9, 10, and 11 and the pH 2 reactor with Fe³⁺ addition). Overall, the final sulfate-oxygen source ratio is determined by (1) rate competitions between direct O₂ incorporation and Fe³⁺ shuttling during both the formation of sulfite from pyrite and from sulfite to final sulfate, and (2) rate competitions between sulfite and water oxygen exchange and the oxidation of sulfite to sulfate. Our results indicate that thiosulfate or sulfite is the intermediate species released into solution at all investigated pH and point to a set of dynamic and competing fractionation factors and rates, which control the oxygen isotope composition of sulfate derived from pyrite oxidation.     

干湿循环条件下膨胀土裂隙特征分形研究

通过膨胀土多次干湿循环的三轴和直剪实验,从试样裂隙率计算结果可以得出,三轴试样,经第1次循环,其表面裂隙率增幅最大,2～4次循环增幅较大,第5次循环增幅较小.直剪试样,试样表面裂隙率经1～3次循环增幅较大,第4次循环增幅较小,第5次循环以后试样表面裂隙率有所降低,但降低的幅度不大.总的说来,随干湿循环次数的不断增加,膨...     

四川广元千佛崖石窟造像表面风化的环境地质问题分析

采用温湿度测试、石窟造像渗水实验、石窟造像吸水的红外成像、岩石特征分析等手段,对四川广元千佛崖石窟造像表面及其周围环境进行监测,以及对石窟造像岩石特征进行分析.结果表明:进深较大的窟室内外存在2℃～4℃的温差,岩石0～40 mm深度范围内温度与外界气温存在显著相关性;石窟造像岩石主要成分为长石、石英、黑云母及黏土矿物,...     

凸起凹陷构造控矿及找矿探讨——以泰安市区为例

在泰安市所辖6个县市区范围内,分布着以铁、金等为主的金属矿产和以煤、石膏等为主的非金属矿产。两类矿产分别赋存于呈近SN向相间排列的5个凸起和5个凹陷构造中,铁、金等矿赋存于凸起,煤、石膏等矿赋存于凹陷。对凸起构造特征分析认为,南北方向相邻的凸起、凹陷构造本是一体,凹陷深部与凸起有相似的地质条件,相似类比理论为地质找矿工作提供了空间,应树立综合找矿和缺位找矿的思想,整合矿业权,实行整装统筹勘查。