Forecasting and Decision-Making of Systematic Theories for Engineering Geology in Environmental Geoscience

INTRoDUCTION'Therearemanyproblemsofenvironmentalgeoscience.Theirfactorsofaffectionareverycomp1icated.Theyareal-mostfromtheearth,othercelestialbodiesandthebiosphere,especiallythefactorsofhumanaction.Becausethedevelop-mentofgeologicalenvironmentwillnotstop,theactionsofslopeandcatastrophesappearuninterruptedly,andenviron-mentdeterioratesfast.BAS1CTHEoRIESANDDEDUCTIONSoFPR1NC1PLESBiomathematicianVerhulstrevisedMalthusmode1andproposedthatarestrictingtermwasadded.ItisorY'=ap(t)[1…     

三轴压缩条件下三峡坝基岩石破裂的分形特征

根据分形理论,系统地研究了在三轴压缩条件下三峡坝基岩石破裂系和破损物的分形结构。结果表明,在三轴压缩条件下,岩石脆性破裂的破裂系和岩石破损物的粒度分布均有很好的统计自相似性。在不同的围压和应变率下,岩石脆性破裂的分维值各不相同,体现了岩石脆性断裂机制的差异性。分维可作为描述岩石脆性断裂的定量参数     

海南热带水库敞水区浮游甲壳动物群落结构特征

于枯水期(2006年12月)和丰水期(2007年5月)对海南省7座水库敞水区进行采样调查,共检出浮游甲壳类动物15种.多为广温性和嗜热性种类,其中桡足类7种,枝角类8种.温中剑水蚤(Mesocyclops thermocyclopoides)、脆弱象鼻溞(Bosmina fatali)和颈沟基合溞(Bosminopsi...     

辽宁近岸海域水质演化及对近海陆域生态水文格局的响应

根据1991-2000年对辽宁省近岸海域水质的连续监测资料,采用秩相关系数法对辽宁近岸海域水质做了定量评估,结果表明,辽宁省近岸海域海水水质较差,主要污染物为无机氮、活性磷酸盐、石油类和Pb,2000年全省近海海域各类功能区水质总达标率仅为48．1％。秩相关系数趋势预测表明：除COD有下降趋势外,其他主要污染物均有逐年上升趋势,且无机氮的上升趋势最为显著。辽宁省在沿海改革开放的初期,沿海海域的水环境做出了相当大的牺牲：20世纪90年代的中后期水质有了明显的改善,陆域非点源污染对近岸海域水质污染的贡献较大;各主要污染物在各海域的变化不同。生物学指标整体上显示,大连海域和营口海域水质在枯水期要好于丰水期,表现出明显的季节变化。无机氮与石油类和COD呈现出正相关关系,COD与石汕类、活悱磷酸盐和Pb呈现出弱正相关关系,水质PCA结果进一步表明辽宁近海海域水质污染除工业污染外,近海陆域非点源污染对水质污染的贡献最大。生态水文参数的主成分分析(PCA)及与主要污染物的回归分析结果表明,近海海域水质演化受到近海陆域生态水文过程的影响较大,无机氮受到近海陆地水开发影响最大;活性磷酸盐、石油类受到水文过程因子的影响最大;COD和Pb受到农业开发活动的影响最大。建议在辽宁省海水质综合整治的过程中,要加强对近海陆域生态水文过程的调节,实施海陆一体化的综合治理模式。     

基于GF组合自适应阈值模型的BDS周跳探测方法

针对北斗3种不同类型卫星轨道在静态及动态环境下相位历元差与卫星高度角和采样率之间的关系,构建适用于不同轨道卫星GF组合自适应阈值模型的BDS周跳探测方法。结果表明,本文方法可适用于北斗各类轨道卫星高度角较低及电离层活跃等不利观测环境下的周跳探测,尽可能地避免各采样率情况下的错判及漏判现象,显著提高采样率较低及多路径误差较大时的探测准确率。     

一种改进的变权重MRF遥感图像变化检测方法

基于马尔科夫随机场(Markov Random Field,MRF)模型下的遥感图像变化检测因固定组合能量函数导致的边缘分割模糊问题,提出了一种改进的变权重MRF遥感图像变化检测方法。该方法首先通过模糊C均值(Fuzzy C-means,FCM)算法对差值图像进行聚类分割,并依此分割结果作为变权重MRF的初始分割条件进行最终的分割;最后对分割结果进行掩膜处理,得到最终的变化检测结果。采用真实遥感影像进行对比实验,结果表明所提方法变化检测精度更高,边缘检测更加平滑,区域一致性更好。     

In situ triaxial creep test for investigating deformational properties of gravelly sliding zone soil: example of the Huangtupo 1# landslide,China

In recent years, numerous landslide catastrophes have occurred, generating considerable financial losses and other tolls. The deformational and mechanical properties of sliding zone soil would be in primary significance to landslide research, as the sliding zone basically controls the initiation and mobility of the landslide. An in situ triaxial test was carried out on a sample from the sliding zone of the Huangtupo 1# landslide, a subdivision of the Huangtupo landslide in the Three Gorges area of China. The test results indicate that (a) the sliding zone exhibits low compressibility due to the high rock content (54.3%) and long-time consolidation by the overlying soil mass; (b) only decaying creep occurs without abrupt failure, and a constitutive equation with both linear and nonlinear viscoplastic terms is deduced to accurately fit the test data; (c) the surface with an orientation of 35° presents anisotropic traits in terms of displacement, possibly due to cracks that formed at similar orientations within the sample cube; and (d) the creep behavior of the landslide may be closely related to the properties of the sliding zone soil. When a similar stress magnitude to that of the in situ stress environment is applied to the sample, the sliding zone soil behavior matches the landslide deformative behavior. The test results indicate that the Huangtupo 1# landslide will continue to creep, as interpreted from the deformation traits and structural properties of the sample. However, unavoidable limitations of the test and extreme external factors, namely unexpected rainfall and water fluctuation, cannot be ignored.     

新疆西准噶尔晚泥盆世法门晚期菊石动物群的发现及其意义

首次在新疆准噶尔盆地西北缘和什托洛盖以北地区的晚泥盆世法门晚期地层中发现板海神石及大型弓海神石菊石动物。板海神石动物群由Platyclymenia(Pl.)subnautilina(Sandberger)、Sporadoceras sp.和Prionocerasfrechi(Wedekind)等分子组成;可能与Annulata事件有关。弓海神石动物群中Protactoclymenia sp.和Cyrtoclymenia?sp.以壳体硕大为显著特征,直径可达20cm。这些菊石可与西欧晚泥盆世标准菊石带第Ⅳ带的菊石组合进行对比(相当于牙形石Upper trachytera至Lower expansa带),而且在区域上的分布具有一定的稳定性,尤其是弓海神石动物群,其产出层位可作为和什托洛盖以北地区地层对比的标志层。     

对某钢厂建设中边坡支护问题的研究

利用修整斜山坡场地的边坡支护的实践经验,研究了扶壁式＋预应力锚杆挡墙、板式锚杆挡墙、格构式锚杆挡墙和岩石锚喷支护方式在边坡支护中的应用,可为以后类似工程的设计与施工提供参考依据。