GEOCHEMICAL STUDY OF THE CORE S01 IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA

Si, Ti, Al, Fe, Mn, Ca, Mg, K, Na, P and Sr, Ba, Rb, Ga, V, Zr, Cr, Ni, Co, Cu, Zn, Pb,Nb, Y, Th, La in the core S01 were analyzed and the pattems of their enrichment are discussed.Enrichment of Na, Fe, Mn, Ba, Cu elements in the core indicates volcanic material are an importantsoarce of the sediments in the area. The enrichment frequently varying with the deposition processshows bottom volcanism is frequent in the area and that the studied area is a margin basin with distinctoceanic characteristics. The abnormal enrichment of Mn at the layers(0-15 cm and 665-670 cm) of the core could beclosely related to and so, indicate, the wide deposition hiatus that have occurred in the West PacificOcean and adjacent margin seas since Late Pleistocene.     

南秦岭胭脂坝花岗岩成因:锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学和Sr-Nd-Pb同位素的制约

秦岭造山带广泛发育新元古代、古生代、早中生代和晚中生代岩浆作用,是长期复杂造山作用的结果。胭脂坝花岗岩岩体出露于南秦岭宁陕地区五龙岩体群的最东部,是南秦岭早中生代花岗岩的重要组成部分。5个花岗岩样品的锆石U-Pb定年结果分别为(202.9±3.5)、(201.0±3.0)、(202.1±2.6)、(200.4±5.4)、(~(205).5±3.3)Ma,平均年龄为(201.9±1.5)Ma,属于早中生代五龙岩体群岩浆作用中晚期的产物。岩石地球化学成分显示该岩体的主体为黑云母花岗岩,具有高硅、富碱的地球化学特征,富集大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素,属于弱过铝质、高钾钙碱性岩石系列。初始Sr同位素组成为0.704 31~0.706 78,ε_(Nd)_(t)值为-5.2~-2.0,初始Pb同位素组成相对高,(N(~(206) Pb)/N(~(204) Pb))_(t)=17.737~18.191,(N(~(207) Pb)/N(~(204) Pb))_(t)=15.511~15.574,(N(~(208)Pb)/N(~(204)Pb))_(t)=37.439~38.071。较高的放射性成因Pb同位素组成说明胭脂坝岩浆源区具有扬子地块的属性;初始Sr同位素组成和ε_(Nd)_(t)值随着SiO2含量的升高呈现出线性变化趋势,说明胭脂坝花岗质岩浆在上升侵位过程中存在围岩物质的同化作用;结合与新元古代火山沉积岩(如耀岭河群、武当群、碧口群)相似的初始Sr-Nd同位素组成,推测胭脂坝岩体的岩浆源区主要是具有扬子地块属性的新元古代地壳物质。     

Glacier changes in the eastern Nyainqêntanglha Range of Tibetan Plateau from 1975 to 2013

Maritime-type glaciers in the eastern Nyainqêntanglha Range, located in the southeastern part of the Tibetan Plateau, are an important water source for downstream residents and ecological systems. To better understand the variability of glaciers in this region, we used the band ratio threshold(TM3/TM5 for the Landsat TM /ETM+ and TM4/TM6 for Landsat OLI) to extract glacier outlines in ~1999 and ~2013. After that, we also generated a series of glacier boundaries and monitored glacier variations in the past 40 years with the help of the Chinese Glacier Inventory data(1975) and Landsat TM, ETM+ and OLI data. The total glacier area decreased by 37.69 ± 2.84% from 1975 to 2013. The annual percentage area change(APAC) was ~1.32% a-1 and ~1.29% a-1 in the periods 1975-1999 and 1999-2013, respectively. According to the lag theory, the reaction time is probably about 10 years and we discuss the variations of temperature and precipitation between 1965 and 2011. Temperature and precipitation increased between 1965 and 2011 at a rate of 0.34°C /10 a and 15.4 mm/10 a, respectively. Extensive meteorological data show that the glacier shrinkage rate over the period may be mainly due to increasing air temperature, while the increasing precipitation partly made up for the mass loss of glacier ice resulting from increasing temperature may also lead to the low APAC between 1999 and 2013. The lag theory suggests that glacier shrinkage may accelerate in the next 10 years. Small glaciers were more sensitive to climate change, and there was a normal distribution between glacier area and elevation. Glaciers shrank in all aspects, and south aspects diminished faster than others.     

Complete nuclear ribosomal DNA sequence amplification and molecular analyses of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bangia</Emphasis> (Bangiales,Rhodophyta) from China

Filamentous Bangia, which are distributed extensively throughout the world, have simple and similar morphological characteristics. Scientists can classify these organisms using molecular markers in combination with morphology. We successfully sequenced the complete nuclear ribosomal DNA, approximately 13 kb in length, from a marine Bangia population. We further analyzed the small subunit ribosomal DNA gene (nrSSU) and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence regions along with nine other marine, and two freshwater Bangia samples from China. Pairwise distances of the nrSSU and 5.8S ribosomal DNA gene sequences show the marine samples grouping together with low divergences (00.003; 0–0.006, respectively) from each other, but high divergences (0.123–0.126; 0.198, respectively) from freshwater samples. An exception is the marine sample collected from Weihai, which shows high divergence from both other marine samples (0.063–0.065; 0.129, respectively) and the freshwater samples (0.097; 0.120, respectively). A maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree based on a combined SSU-ITS dataset with maximum likelihood method shows the samples divided into three clades, with the two marine sample clades containing Bangia spp. from North America, Europe, Asia, and Australia; and one freshwater clade, containing Bangia atropurpurea from North America and China.     

Dynamic process simulation with a Savage-Hutter type model for the intrusion of landslide into river

Natural damming of rivers by mass movements is a very common and potentially dangerous phenomena which has been documented all over the world. In this paper, a two-layer model of Savage-Hutter type is presented to simulate the dynamic procedure for the intrusion of landslide into rivers. The two-layer shallow water system is derived by depth averaging the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with the hydrostatic assumption. A high order accuracy scheme based on the finite volume method is proposed to solve the presented model equations. Several numerical tests are performed to verify the realiability and feasibility of the proposed model. The numerical results indicate that the proposed method can be competent for simulating the dynamic process of landslide intrusion into the river. The interaction effect between both layers has a significant impact on the landslide movement, water fluctuation and wave propagation.     

THERMAL EFFECTS OF BUILDING＇S EXTERNAL SURFACES IN CITY——Characteristics of Heat Flux into and out of External Wall Surfaces

This study examined the thermal effects of building‘s external wall surfaces, using observational data of spatial-temporal distribution of surface temperature, air temperature, and heat flux into and out of external surface. Results indicate that external wall surface temperature and nearby air temperature vary with the change of orientation, height and season. In general, the external wall surface temperature is lower near the ground, and is higher near the roof, than nearby air temperature. But north wall surface temperature is mostly lower than nearby air temperature at the same height; south wall surface temperature during the daytime in December, and west wall surface temperature all day in August, is respectively higher than nearby air temperature. The heat fluxes into and out of external wall surfaces show the differences that exist in the various orientations, heights and seasons. In December,south wall surface at the lower sites emits heat and north wall surface at the higher sites absorbs heat. In April, all external wall surfaces, emit heat near the ground and absorb heat near the roof. In August, west wall surface all day emits heat, and other wall surfaces just show the commensurate behavior with that in April.     

滦县ML5.0地震前重力异常探讨

分析研究了2004年1月20日河北省滦县ML5．0地震孕育过程中首都圈重力场的异常变化和动态演化特征。结果表明,震前出现的重力上升-下降-上升变化是较明显的中短期异常反映;重力场动态图像较清晰地反映了研究区重力场的准均匀态-非均匀态一发震的演化过程;滦县地区重力场的异常变化形态支持了孕震体震前膨胀的理论。     

Zonal distribution of the erosion-landslide and soil micromorphological features in purple hilly region

In the purple hilly region, erosions and landslides are all serious, and it is of great scientific value and practical significance to study their formation mechanism and distribution features there.In this paper, soil micromorphological methods and techniques were used to study the erosion zonal distribution in the region. The results indicated: (1)According to erosion process, the spacial distribution zones of the erosions and landslides in the purple hilly region with different solums were divided into scouring erosion zone, transport-diffusion zone, rocks and soil turbulence zone and sediment-bury zone; (2) The soil micromorphologic taxonomic feature identifying different erosion-landslide zone were found by studying the soil micromorphology of erosive zone in purple hilly region; (3) As for the erosion-landslide formation in the region, besides the external factors, the internal factors were found more important and favorable for landslide formation through the studies on the micormorphologieal features of slide soil.