洛川黄土地层定年的一个模式及其初步应用

选择黄土中２～１６μｍ的颗粒作为沉积速率相对稳定的大气粉尘沉降组分，根据黄土粒度变化与沉积速率变化的相关性，设计了以下的年代学模型:Ｔｍ＝Ｔ１＋（Ｔ２－Ｔ１）（∑ｍ_ｉ＝１ＣｉＨｉ）/（∑ｎ_ｉ＝１ＣｉＨｉ）以黄土地层中根据热释光和古地磁极性倒转点获得的绝对年代作为时间控制点，利用上面的模式对洛川第四纪黄土地层的年代进行了计算，结果表明该模式可以用于黄土高原中部黄土地层的精细定年。     

洛南黄土有机碳同位素组成及其与洛川、西峰黄土对比

以往黄土-古土壤碳同位素的研究主要集中在东亚季风控制的干旱-半干旱黄土高原中北部地区,而对于秦岭南部暖温带季风性半湿润气候区黄土-古土壤序列有机碳同位素的研究鲜有报道。对比两种气候条件下的黄土有机质碳同位素组成可更广泛和深入地认识黄土碳同位素所指示的生态环境变化。为此,本研究选取了位于秦岭南麓的洛南上白川、刘湾两剖面,剖面厚度分别为74m和10m,以20cm间距采集上白川剖面38个样品,刘湾剖面51个样品。采用高温灼烧氧化法对全部样品有机质碳同位素组成进行测定,并将结果与黄土高原中部洛川和西峰剖面有机质碳同位素进行了对比。结果表明：  上白川剖面有机碳同位素( δ¹³C_org.)的变化范围为-24.43‰～-21.30‰,刘湾剖面的变化范围为-24.70‰～-20.52‰,洛川剖面的变化范围为-23.37‰～-18.72‰, 西峰剖面的变化范围为-23.68‰～-19.47‰。末次间冰期位于半湿润地区的上白川和刘湾剖面有机碳同位素峰值较半干旱地区洛川、西峰剖面偏负1‰～2‰,即上白川和刘湾剖面有机碳同位素峰值分别较洛川剖面的峰值偏负1.8‰和1.9‰,较西峰剖面的峰值偏负1.3‰和1.4‰。因此,该区的植被覆盖应是以C₃植物为主的C₃和C₄混合草原植被类型;   从整体上来看,洛南剖面古土壤层碳同位素较相邻黄土层的碳同位素偏正,因此,古土壤形成时期C₄植被相对比例增加。末次间冰期洛南上白川和刘湾剖面有机碳同位素峰值较洛川、西峰剖面的峰值偏负1‰多,表明受东亚季风控制的半干旱-半湿润的黄土区,暖季节降水对C₄/C₃植被相对比例增加的趋势和幅度均具有明显的影响,主要表现在暖季节降水的增加有利于C₄植被相对比例的增高,同时降水的季节性分布和/或降水量的增多影响土壤有机碳同位素所记录的C₄植被相对比例及其增加幅度。     

北疆积雪中溶解性砷和汞的空间分布特征及来源分析

为了解北疆积雪中砷(As)和汞(Hg)的空间分布特征及来源,基于2018年1月在北疆地区58个采样点采集的积雪样品,采用原子荧光光谱法测定积雪中溶解性砷和汞的含量,用反距离加权插值法分析空间分布特征,并利用后向轨迹模型探讨了其来源.结果表明:积雪中溶解性砷和汞的浓度分别在0.21～2.69μg?L-1和5.32～64....     

Geochemical studies on the intensity of chemical weathering in Luochuan loess-paleosol sequence, China

Major and trace element analyses of the Luochuan loess-paleosol sequence in China were performed in order to understand the cheniical weathering processes occurring on the I.oess Plateau during the last 600 ka. Results reveal that most elements in the loess remain immobile durlng chemical weathering. The typical stable elements are Al, K, Ti, Rb and REE, while the main mobile elements are Ca, Sr, P, Mg and Na. 120ess and paleosol experience the incipient stage of chemical weathering characterized by acid leaching and carbonate dissolution. Alteration of silicates in the sequence seems to be limited. Features of less chemical weathering of the loess and paleosol could he indicators for the dry-cold clinlate dominated on the Loess Plateau during the Quaternary. Project supported hy thc Nzitional Natural Science Foundation of China     

Climatic and tectonic controls on the fluvial morphology of the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau (China)

The geomorphological evolution of the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau (NETP) could provide valuable information for reconstructing the tectonic movements of the region. And the considerable uplift and climatic changes at here, provide an opportunity for studying the impact of tectonic and monsoon climate on fluvial morphological development and sedimentary architecture of fluvial deposits. The development of peneplain-like surface and related landscape transition from basin filling to incision indicate an intense uplift event with morphological significance at around 10–17 Ma in the NETP. After that, incision into the peneplain was not continuous but a staircase of terraces, developed as a result of climatic influences. In spite of the generally persisting uplift of the whole region, the neighbouring tectonic blocks had different uplift rates, leading to a complicated fluvial response with accumulation terraces alternating with erosion terraces at a small spatial and temporal scale. The change in fluvial activity as a response to climatic impact is reflected in the general sedimentary sequence on the terraces from high-energy (braided) channel deposits (at full glacial) to lower-energy deposits of small channels (towards the end of the glacial), mostly separated by a rather sharp boundary from overlying flood-loams (at the glacial-interglacial transition) and overall soil formation (interglacial). Pronounced incision took place at the subsequent warm-cold transitions. In addition, it is hypothesized that in some strongly uplifted blocks energy thresholds could be crossed to allow terrace formation as a response to small climatic fluctuations (10³–10⁴ year timescale). Although studies of morpho-tectonic and geomorphological evolution of the NETP, improve understanding on the impacts of tectonic motions and monsoonal climate on fluvial processes, a number of aspects, such as the distribution and correlation of peneplain and the related morphological features, the extent and intensity of tectonic movements influencing the crossing of climatic thresholds, leading to terrace development, need to be studied further.     

皖南风尘堆积序列氧化物地球化学特征与古气候记录

根据安徽宣城向阳剖面64个样品系统的氧化物地球化学测试结果,分析讨论了皖南更新世风尘堆积序列氧化物地球化学特征及其所记录的气候变迁规律。结果表明：该区气候总体上以湿热为主,淋溶及氧化作用较强;近0．8Ma以来经历了8次大的干冷-暖湿气候旋回,显示本区中、晚更新世气候变迁具有全球一致性特点;中更新世以来本区气候演变的总趋势是由湿热向偏于偏凉发展。     

毛乌素沙地风沙环境变化研究的理论和新认识

作为地球环境系统的重要组成部分,沙漠和沙地对气候变化响应敏感。沙漠沙地的环境变化关系到区域的可持续发展,并且通过一系列反馈作用,会影响区域与全球的气候环境。位于中国北方中部的毛乌素沙地是全球中纬度地区的典型沙地,其环境变化与全球其他沙漠沙地具有相似性和同步性。中国学者对毛乌素沙地风沙环境变化的研究开展较早,在国内外有重要的影响。本文系统梳理了该方面的相关研究,围绕“风沙环境变化的过程与机制”这一核心问题,总结学术界在毛乌素沙地晚新生代形成发展、晚第四纪扩张与多旋回变化、全新世中期固定以及晚全新世沙丘再活化等方面取得的重要进展,尤其是获取了毛乌素沙地不同阶段风沙环境变化的关键证据,并据此提出“构造—轨道尺度上沙地形成与变化的全球温度变化驱动”“千年—百年尺度沙丘系统的非线性响应”等新的理论认识。未来应继续加强沉积证据的积累、新测试手段的拓展应用、基于过程分析的精细重建、数值模拟与预测等研究,着力探究风沙环境变化的动力学机制、人与干旱区环境复杂系统的耦合关系以及各圈层的互馈作用,这对于自然地理学学科传承、交叉学科的融合发展以及地球系统科学的理论构建都具有深远意义。     

Organic stable carbon isotopic composition reveals late Quaternary vegetation changes in the dune fields of northern China

Vegetation changes during the late Quaternary in the dune fields of northern China are not well understood. We investigated organic carbon stable isotopic composition of surface soils, related mainly to the ratio of C₃ and C₄ plants, across a range of arid to subhumid climates in this region. Isotopic composition is weakly related to both temperature and moisture (multiple R² = 0.53), with the highest δ¹³C (greatest C₄ abundance) in the warm, subhumid Horqin dune field. In late Quaternary, eolian stratigraphic sections of the Mu Us and Horqin dune fields, but not in the much colder Otindag dune field, δ¹³C is higher in organic carbon from paleosols than in eolian sands. This contrast, most evident for paleosols recording a major early to middle Holocene phase of dune stabilization, is interpreted as evidence for expansion of C₄ plants due to increased effective moisture, high temperature because of high insolation, and decreased disturbance related to eolian erosion and deposition.     

中国北方沙漠-黄土体系的沉积和侵蚀过程与未来趋向探析

中国北方有大面积的土地被沙漠和黄土覆盖,是现代沉积和侵蚀比较活跃的地区。强烈的地表过程不仅影响着区域的生产生活活动,还通过粉尘传输影响北半球甚至于更大范围的气候和环境。长期以来,由于综合研究不够,对沙漠-黄土体系的沉积和侵蚀规律以及未来趋向的认识有限。结合对沙漠沙地-黄土沉积的高密度光释光年代测试结果,基于地统计法和遥感分析的黄土堆积量估算以及现代降尘、地表侵蚀的观察研究,认为沙漠沙地-黄土堆积区的沉积和侵蚀过程受气候变化控制,这里既是堆积区,又是侵蚀区,处于动态变化过程中;黄土比沙地沉积保存着更完整的过去气候变化信息。黄土高原水蚀和风蚀在地质历史时期就存在,人类活动加强了侵蚀过程,但可能还没有实质性地改变这一趋向。通过对地质记录和古气候模拟结果的分析,在未来全球变暖的背景下,沙地地区可能由于有效湿度减少变干而使风尘活动加强,黄土高原地区的粉尘沉积速率也将随之加快。     

Origin of the Red Earth sequence on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau and its implications for regional aridity since the middle Miocene

Desiccation in the interior of Asia is an important aspect of paleoclimate change during the Cenozoic era[1,2]. Research[3,4] shows that the widely distributed loess deposits in China were mainly transported by northwesterly and northerly winds from deserts and the Gobi region; in addition, an indispensable re- quirement for the generation of aeolian sediment is the presence of dry lands in central Asia[5,6]. The aeolian deposits in China provide an especially useful record of desiccation pr…