南洛河流域洛南盆地表土孢粉与植被的关系

选取南洛河上游洛南盆地10 种植被类型下40 处样点表土苔藓开展孢粉与植被关系的研究.结果表明,表土中孢粉组成能很好地反映植被类型.森林表土中乔木植物花粉含量平均值大于40%,且有较高含量的中华卷柏孢子;疏林草原、灌丛群落中乔木植物花粉平均含量分别为13.2%和16.6%,灌木植物花粉相对草丛群落含量较高;草丛群落和农田中乔木花粉平均含量均<10%,草本植物花粉>80%,灌木植物花粉<1%.洛南盆地表土孢粉总浓度平均为1.42×10⁵粒/g,与植被覆盖度关系较弱,而与植被类型有一定联系,能辅助植被类型的辨识.聚类分析和PCA分析都能较好区分森林和非森林植被,前者能较好地区分松林和混交林,后者能较好地区分农田和灌、草丛植被,且比聚类分析更加稳定.松属、栎属等乔木花粉具有较强的扩散能力,能指示区域植被,松属没有表现出很强的超代表性,栎属具有低代表性;蒿属花粉与植被覆盖度间的相关关系较差,具有明显的超代表性,其大量出现与人类的干扰有一定的联系,禾本科花粉具有很好的植被指示性和低代表性,藜科花粉的高含量主要指示了高强度的人类活动;中华卷柏孢子在地层中的大量出现具有指示森林或松林环境的意义.     

Evidence of Middle Pleistocene hominin migration in the Qinling Mountains (central China) from the Miaokou Paleolithic site

The Qinling Mountain Range (QMR) spans a large region in China and is an im-portant area of hominin activities.Many Paleolithic sites are found in Bahe,South Luohe,and Hanjiang river valleys in the northern,eastern,and southern part of the range,respectively.The Danjiang River valley acts as a channel connecting these valleys and stretches from the north to the south of the QMR.The previous dating of the Paleolithic sites in the Danjiang valley mainly relied on geomorphologic comparison,stratigraphic correlation,fossil charac-teristics,and Paleolithic artifacts,indicating a lack of absolute data.In this study,we con-ducted a detailed geochronological investigation of the entire valley,and selected an ideal site--the Miaokou profile.Based on the identification of the Ioess-paleosol sequences,opti-cally stimulated luminescence,and magnetostratigraphy,the Paleolithic artifacts of the Mi-aokou site located within the S5 and S6 layers of the profile belong to ～0.6-0.7 Ma.This suggests that the Paleolithic site is an old site in the Danjiang River valley,and this period also witnessed a rapid increase in the number of hominin sites during the Middle Pleistocene.Combining our results with previous reports across the QMR,we propose that the Danjiang River valley might have been a corridor for hominin migration,and is worthy of further inves-tigation.     

Application of River Longitudinal Profile Morphometrics to Reveal the Uplift of Lushan Mountain

The stream power model was applied to Lushan Mt. in South China in order to verify its capability of interpreting the uplift of a small block mountain. On a log-log plot, the longitudinal profiles of 9 rivers derived from a 30m DEM exhibit primary characteristics similar to those derived from a 5m DEM; however, the 5m DEM clearly reveals more minor knickpoints, and the positions of knickpoints are pinpointed more accurately. All of the studied rivers on the block mountain are in a transient state due to geological perturbations. Some of them exhibit two segments in steady state separated by a slope-break knickpoint. Such rivers generally develop in a longitudinal valley, which are less perturbed by substrate inhomogeneities. The similar heights of the slope-break knickpoints and the similar uplift rate indicated by the ksn values demonstrate an almost simultaneous headward erosion induced by the fall in base level. This modelling result is consistent with the mode of formation of this particular block mountain. Our study demonstrates that the stream power model is applicable to a small tectonically-active massif only if the channel segments are in a steady state.     

A preliminary quantitative reconstruction of precipitation in southern Mu Us sandy land at margin of Asian monsoon-dominated region during late Quaternary

We present the first quantitative estimation of monsoon precipitation during the late glacial-Holocene in the sandy land of northern China, based on organic carbon isotopic composition data from a loess-sand sequence at margin of the Mu Us sandy land. We use the relationship between monsoon precipitation and the carbon isotopic composition of modern soils as an analogue, with a minor modification, to reconstruct precipitation back to c. 47 ka ago. The preliminary results indicate that annual monsoon precipitation was high after 8 ka, with an average of 435 mm; and it decreased during 18 and 8 ka with a mean value of 194 mm. The precipitation value of 47-18 ka varied between the two. We compare the reconstructed precipitation with other records and paleoclimatic modeling results, showing that our record agrees with reconstructions of the monsoon precipitation from other sources, even capturing short climatic events such as the Younger Dryas. We suggest that solar irradiance, high-latitude temperature/ice volume and local evaporation have together modified moistures in the sandy land.     

采用华山松树轮宽度重建秦岭东缘近百年冬半年温度

建立了秦岭东缘高海拔华山松树轮宽度年表,年表的可靠时段是从1911年到2005年(子样本强度大于0.8),基于此年表重建了秦岭东缘过去百年来冬半年(上年12月到当年4月)温度变化,重建方程的方差解释量为51%。重建序列有3个温暖时段： 1938～1944年,1958～1967年和 1998～2005年; 两个冷时段： 1945～1957年和 1968～1976年。自1968年以来,温度开始上升,但温度变化幅度未表现出明显异常。秦岭东缘和华北、华中及华东邻近,本文重建的温度序列与这3个区域的温度变化在低温、高温时段对应一致,而且相关显著,都表现出自1970s以来的升温趋势。表明在秦岭东缘采用高海拔华山松重建冬半年温度具有很大的潜力。     

近地层风能参数随高度分布的推算方法研究

应用江苏和吉林的12个测风塔资料,对两个地区的风能参数进行了统计和分析,探讨了一种用10m高度风速资料推算近地层内任意高度上平均风功率密度的新方法.结果表明:应用该方法交互拟合不同高度的平均风功率密度,平均误差4.4%,最大误差13.3%,优于指数律的平均误差7.8%,最大误差22.0%,效果较为理想.     

洛川黄土地层定年的一个模式及其初步应用

选择黄土中２～１６μｍ的颗粒作为沉积速率相对稳定的大气粉尘沉降组分，根据黄土粒度变化与沉积速率变化的相关性，设计了以下的年代学模型:Ｔｍ＝Ｔ１＋（Ｔ２－Ｔ１）（∑ｍ_ｉ＝１ＣｉＨｉ）/（∑ｎ_ｉ＝１ＣｉＨｉ）以黄土地层中根据热释光和古地磁极性倒转点获得的绝对年代作为时间控制点，利用上面的模式对洛川第四纪黄土地层的年代进行了计算，结果表明该模式可以用于黄土高原中部黄土地层的精细定年。     

陕西洛川黄土剖面的白度参数及其古气候意义

对陕西洛川黄土剖面的白度研究表明，黄土和古土壤存在明显的白度差别，表现为黄土的白度值较高，而古土壤的白度值较低，依据白度值可以清晰地区另出剖面中的黄土层和古土壤层。化学处理以及分粒级实验结果表明风化成壤作用造成细粒级铁氧化物的含量增高是古土壤中白度值降低的主要因素。洛川剖面白度值的变化与第四纪冰期－间冰期旋回的波动特征相一致，其逐渐增高的趋势与全球气候变冷总体趋势相吻合，表明白度在反映夏季风环流强度变化，以及对全球气候变化的响应问题上具有广泛的应用前景。     

末次盛冰期和全新世大暖期中国北方沙地气候定量重建初探

中国北方典型沙地处于东亚季风边缘区半干旱气候带,对气候变化响应敏感.本文对已有的该区域古气候记录文献资料进行整理分析和评估,对末次盛冰期与全新世大暖期两个特征时间段的古温度与古降雨量空间格局进行定量化重建,获得了其分布特征.结果表明,在末次盛冰期(约26 ～ 16ka)温度降低了5～11℃,变率为60％～200％,降温极值在黄土高原南缘;降雨量减少180 ～ 350mm,变率为50％左右,东北地区降雨量变化不大.在全新世大暖期(约9 ～ 5ka),温度升高了1.0 ～3.5℃,变率为20％～130％;降雨量增加了30 ～ 400mm,变率为10％ ～120％,其中存在一些需剔除的奇异点,从东部沿海向西北内陆降雨量增幅有加大趋势.上述结果为进一步探讨中国北方干旱-半干旱区古气候变化机理、检验东亚季风区古气候数值模拟结果等提供了定量化数据.     

全球大地热流研究进展

大地热流是表征地球热状态的重要地球物理参数,它记录了发生在地球深部各种作用过程和能量平衡的信息。大地热流的测量与汇编是固体地球物理学领域的基础性工作。本文对最近20年来全球大地热流研究的相关进展进行了综述,包括介绍近年来全球大地热流数据库建立和汇编情况,据此阐述了全球大地热流的分布规律及主控因素。继而重点对大陆和大洋热流研究中的若干重要概念或关键问题（如热流省、热流-生热率关系、壳幔热流配分系数、大洋岩石圈热演化模型和地下水循环等）、全球热量收支及其时空变化等方面进行了分析。最后,就全球热流汇编研究中需注意的问题以及今后的研究方向做了一些讨论。