龙门山前山断裂大地震原地重复发生的地质地貌证据

龙门山前山断裂大地震是原地重复发生的吗？针对这一问题,对前山断裂的同震地表形变带进行了追踪,并选择5.12汶川地震区九龙、白鹿以及汉旺等3个地点开展了古地震探槽研究工作。调查结果是： 前山断裂5.12地震地表形变带基本沿1 ∶200000地质图上先存基岩断裂发育,但仅限于通济－安昌以南段; 白鹿－八角一带同震地表形变带继承先存断层陡坎或断层沟谷发育; 偏离先存断裂而被一些学者视为断裂全新世活动重要证据的永安附近T1阶地上线性陡坎实为废弃河岸; 白鹿、汉旺探槽剖面揭示这两个地点5.12汶川地震之前至少有过一次古地震事件。这些研究结果表明前山断裂大地震是沿晚第四纪活动断裂原地重复发生的,此次地震是沿先存活动断裂又一次发生的大地震事件,为大地震原地复发模型提供了一个新的震例支持。在沿该断裂周边进行规划建设时应当合理避让。     

Precipitation variability assessment of northeast China: Songhua River basin

Variability in precipitation is critical for the management of water resources. In this study, the research entropy base concept was applied to investigate spatial and temporal variability of the precipitation during 1964–2013 in the Songhua River basin of Heilongjiang Province in China. Sample entropy was applied on precipitation data on a monthly, seasonally, annually, decade scale and the number of rainy days for each selected station. Intensity entropy and apportionment entropy were used to calculate the variability over individual year and decade, respectively. Subsequently, Spearman’s Rho and Mann–Kendall tests were applied to observe for trends in the precipitation time series. The statistics of sample disorder index showed that the precipitation during February (mean 1.09, max. 1.26 and min. 0.80), April (mean 1.12, max. 1.29 and min. 0.99) and July (mean 1.10, max. 1.20 and min. 0.98) contributed significantly higher than those of other months. Overall, the contribution of the winter season was considerably high with a standard deviation of 0.10. The precipitation variability on decade basis was observed to increase from decade 1964–1973 and 1994–2003 with a mean value of decadal apportionment disorder index 0.023 and 0.053, respectively. In addition, the Mann–Kendall test value (1.90) showed a significant positive trend only at the Shangzhi station.     

Formation of saddle dolomites in Upper Cambrian carbonates, western Tarim Basin (northwest China): Implications for fault-related fluid flow

The saddle dolomites occur more intensely in cores closely to fault than that in cores far away from the fault in Upper Cambrian carbonate of western Tarim basin, suggesting that formation of the saddle dolomites is likely related to fault-controlled fluid flow. They partially fill in fractures and vugs of replacement dolomite. The saddle dolomites exhibit complex internal textures, commonly consisting of core and cortex. In comparison with the matrix dolomites, the saddle dolomites show lower Sr-content and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios, higher Fe- and Mn-content, and more negative δ¹⁸O values. Combined with high Th (100–130 °C) of primary fluid inclusions, it is suggested that the saddle dolomites precipitated from hydrothermal fluid derived from the deep evaporite-bearing Middle Cambrian strata, and the magnesium source may be due to dissolution of host dolomite during hydrothermal fluid migration. Fault activity resulted in petrographic and geochemical difference of the core and cortex of the saddle dolomites. The cores precipitated from the formation water mixed by deep brines at the early stage of fault activity, and the cortexes precipitated from the deep fluid with higher temperatures through the Middle Cambrian later. In summary, the formation of the saddle dolomites implies a hydrothermal fluid event related to fault activity, which also resulted in high porosity in Upper Cambrian carbonate in western Tarim Basin.     

一种污水排海的近远区计算与控制方法──以大亚湾水容量计算及污水排海为例

针对点容量计算中混合区限制的要求，采用了动量积分法、经验公式法和有限差分法，分别对污水排放后可能引起的近区、过渡区和远区的污水浓度变化进行了模拟预测，并就一定的限制性条件对容量点近区、高浓度混合区及容量点远区影响范围进行了分析。在大亚湾水容量计算及污水排海规划中的应用表明，该法具有计算机时较省、精度相对较高等优点。     

岩矿中稀土元素离子交换分离富集的改进及ICP—AES测定

本文通过对离子交换柱的规格改进,提高了分离效率,加快了分离速度(流速v/(ml·min~(-1)))可达1.0—1.5.结合分离富集条件的选择及ICP-AES测定方法的联用,使本法不分析周期短、所耗试剂省,且检测限低、精密度和准确度较高.经标样检验和矿样实测对比,其结果均令人满意.     

超临界流体热力学函数的理论计算

Ｄｕａｎ等（１９９２。１９９６）基于分子间相互作用势能模型,建立了一个适合于超临界流体的状态方程,此方程能反演出世界上几十个实验室测定的成千上万个纯组分及混合物的ＰＶＴ（压力、体积、温度）数据（温压范围：Ｐ〈２ＧＰａ,Ｔｃ〈Ｔ〈２０００Ｋ）。最近的研究发现,此方程能准确预测Ｈ２Ｏ、ＣＯ２、ＣＨ４、Ｎ２及它们的混合物在Ｔ＝１．３Ｔｃ,Ｐ＝０到Ｔ＝２０００Ｋ,Ｐ＝１０ＧＰａ这一温压范围内的压力、体积、     

我国北方前寒武区域变质岩区变质作用对镁铁云母成分的影响

辽宁鞍山、冀东、密云和内蒙古地区镁铁云母的寄主岩石类型有变沉积岩和变火山岩。其镁铁云母的Al_2O_3含量和Mg/(Mg+Fe~(2+))比值随寄主岩石类型不同而有明显的差异。而在同类寄主岩石中,镁铁云母的成分,特别是Mg/(Mg+Fe~(2+))比值,则随变质作用强度而出现规律性的变化。 研究表明,从鞍山-冀东-密云、内蒙古、变质作用强度(主要是温度)升高;在翼东水厂矿区,从南至北,变质作用强度也有增加的趋势。镁铁云母成分可为变质岩区的地层对比、确定构造形迹和找矿提供有益的信息。     

The Application of Elastic Wave Measurement to the Deep Holes in the Bedrock of a Nuclear Power Station

In this paper we present the principle and technique for measuring velocity of elastic waves in the bedrock with deep holes, and the effective watertight and pressure-proof measures taken. Using this method, the measurement in the bedrock of the reactor of a nuclear power station with holes (120m in depth) are completed with the anticipated results. The data, processed and analysed, have been provided for the construction of the above-mentioned nuclear power station.     

Linkage between winter air temperature over the subtropical Western Pacific and the ice extent anomaly in the Sea of Okhotsk

This study deals with the correlation between ice extent in the Sea of Okhotsk and the interannual variability of winter (December–February) air temperature over the subtropical Western Pacific from 1979 to 2008. The analysis indicates that the increase in sea ice extent coincides not only with cooling over the Sea of Okhotsk and the adjacent area, but also with significant warming over the subtropical Western Pacific that extends from the surface to the middle troposphere. This meridional dipole pattern of tropospheric temperature anomalies (cooling in the high latitudes and warming in the low latitudes) primarily results from dynamical processes driven by the large-scale atmospheric circulation change. A heat budget diagnosis reveals that when ice extent in the Sea of Okhotsk increases by one standard deviation, the tropospheric air temperature over the subtropical Western Pacific rises by about 0.25°C. It also suggests that the adiabatic heating and stationary eddy heat flux convergence may be the most important factors, which account for 30 and 15% of the warming, respectively. In addition, these two factors also coordinate to result in significant cooling over the Sea of Okhotsk and the adjacent regions.