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??????????????????????????GPS???????????(1997-01~1999-12)??????Hori???????????????????齻????????????????????????????:????????????С??????????????????????????????7 cm/a??50%?????????????10~30 km??????????????????齻??????????????Yabuki-Matu??ura????????????????????????????Hori???????????б?????????????????????????????????????????????????в?????????Ч????????????????????????????????Hori?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????     

基于FlAC（3D）模型的新集一矿岩溶水危险性研究

新集一矿1#煤层为矿区埋深最大的山西组煤层,太原组灰岩含水层是1#煤层开采时威胁最大的含水层。为合理评价1#煤层受太原组灰岩突水的威胁及煤层的可采性,按照煤层底板隔水层厚度、岩性组合及其力学性质,建立了FlAC3D模型。通过该数值模型对1#煤层进行模拟40m、80m、120m三次开挖,并用顶底板岩层的主应力差来反映其所处的变形阶段,分析了顶板来压前后底板的不同应力状态对突水危险性的影响,获得了开采1#煤层的顶板最大悬顶距、底板最大破坏深度等参数,认为开挖长度达到105m时,是最易突水位置,从而为后续详细勘探和工作面设计工作提供了参考。     

Structural Analysis of Jianglang Metamorphic Core Complex in Western Margin of yangtze Crston,Sichuan Province

There is a belt of metamorphic core complexes in the western margin of the Yangtze craton . The geological setting of the belt is similar to that of the Cordilleran metamorphic core complexes . A typical one in this belt is the Jianglang metamorphic core complex , which has a configuration consisting of three layers :a core complex consisting of Mesoproterozoic schist sequence , a ductile middle slab consisting of Paleozoic meta-sedimentary-basalt characterized by the development of "folding layer" and an upper cover consisting of Xikang Group which has suffered both buckling and flattening . A detachment fault developed along the contact boundary between the cover and basement causes the omission of Upper Sinian and Cambrian at the base of cover . A lot of normal ductile shear zones developed in the cover causes the thinning of it . All the features show that the early extension results in the thinning of crust , but the formation of the dome and exposure of basement rocks may be the results of superimp     

特低渗砂砾岩油藏多段压裂水平井合理注水开发方式

在特低渗砂砾岩的储层条件下,采用长井段压裂水平井弹性开发时,常出现产能随地层能量衰竭较快,难以收回开发成本的问题,采用多相渗流理论和油藏数值模拟的方法,以盐家地区特低渗砂砾岩油藏盐227块为例,根据现场实际资料,建立油藏数值模型,对盐家地区砂砾岩油藏的注水开发的可行性进行研究。基于不同开发方式的渗流机理和开发规律,研究了常规注水、超前注水、注水吞吐开发等措施的合理性,提出了针对特低渗油藏多段压裂水平井的有效开发方案,研究结果表明:与弹性开发相比,采用注水开发能解决地层能量衰竭较快的问题的同时,增大了储层动用面积及驱替时效;注水吞吐的最终含水率比常规注水降低25%左右,超前注水在前期能提高常规弹性开发产量的30%左右,可见这两种新型开发方式有利于抑制水淹和提高采收率。     

Quantifying the carbon source of pedogenic calcite veins in weathered limestone: implications for the terrestrial carbon cycle

The continent is the second largest carbon sink on Earth’s surface. With the diversification of vascular land plants in the late Paleozoic, terrestrial organic carbon burial is represented by massive coal formation, while the development of soil profiles would account for both organic and inorganic carbon burial. As compared with soil organic carbon, inorganic carbon burial, collectively known as the soil carbonate, would have a greater impact on the long-term carbon cycle. Soil carbonate would have multiple carbon sources, including dissolution of host calcareous rocks, dissolved inorganic carbon from freshwater, and oxidation of organic matter, but the host calcareous rock dissolution would not cause atmospheric CO₂ drawdown. Thus, to evaluate the potential effect of soil carbonate formation on the atmospheric pCO₂ level, different carbon sources of soil carbonate should be quantitatively differentiated. In this study, we analyzed the carbon and magnesium isotopes of pedogenic calcite veins developed in a heavily weathered outcrop, consisting of limestone of the early Paleogene Guanzhuang Group in North China. Based on the C and Mg isotope data, we developed a numerical model to quantify the carbon source of calcite veins. The modeling results indicate that 4–37 wt% of carbon in these calcite veins was derived from atmospheric CO₂. The low contribution from atmospheric CO₂ might be attributed to the host limestone that might have diluted the atmospheric CO₂ sink. Nevertheless, taking this value into consideration, it is estimated that soil carbonate formation would lower 1 ppm atmospheric CO₂ within 2000 years, i.e., soil carbonate alone would sequester all atmospheric CO₂ within 1 million years. Finally, our study suggests the C–Mg isotope system might be a better tool in quantifying the carbon source of soil carbonate.

     

Quantifying the carbon source of pedogenic calcite veins in weathered limestone: implications for the terrestrial carbon cycle

The continent is the second largest carbon sink on Earth’s surface.With the diversification of vascular land plants in the late Paleozoic,terrestrial organic carbon burial is represented by massive coal formation,while the development of soil profiles would account for both organic and inorganic carbon burial.As compared with soil organic carbon,inorganic carbon burial,collectively known as the soil carbonate,would have a greater impact on the long-term carbon cycle.Soil carbonate would have multiple carbon sources,including dissolution of host calcareous rocks,dissolved inorganic carbon from freshwater,and oxidation of organic matter,but the host calcareous rock dissolution would not cause atmospheric CO2drawdown.Thus,to evaluate the potential effect of soil carbonate formation on the atmospheric p CO2level,different carbon sources of soil carbonate should be quantitatively differentiated.In this study,we analyzed the carbon and magnesium isotopes of pedogenic calcite veins developed in a heavily weathered outcrop,consisting of limestone of the early Paleogene Guanzhuang Group in North China.Based on the C and Mg isotope data,we developed a numerical model to quantify the carbon source of calcite veins.The modeling results indicate that4–37 wt%of carbon in these calcite veins was derived from atmospheric CO2.The low contribution from atmospheric CO2might be attributed to the host limestone that might have diluted the atmospheric CO2sink.Nevertheless,taking this value into consideration,it is estimated that soil carbonate formation would lower 1 ppm atmospheric CO2within 2000 years,i.e.,soil carbonate alone would sequester all atmospheric CO2within 1 million years.Finally,our study suggests the C–Mg isotope system might be a better tool in quantifying the carbon source of soil carbonate.     

北京昌平高崖口—南口岩溶水分布区水文地质特征

在北京市昌平区高崖口-南口岩溶水分布区,通过水文地质钻探4眼勘查井,进行"非稳定流"抽水试验,采用配线法计算渗透系数、导水系数;按舒卡列夫分类,划分岩溶水水化学类型,并根据Piper图论述了岩溶水水化学特性;根据国家《地下水质量标准》(GB/T14848—93)进行水质标准评价;结果表明区内蓟县系雾迷山组岩溶裂隙含水层空间分布受到南部、西部和西南部3个方向岩浆岩体的明显挤压,空间范围减少,地下水补给受阻,区内东北部南口-孙河断裂上升盘800m以浅,岩溶裂隙发育、渗透性好、导水性强,地下水质量为Ⅲ类,可选作集中生活饮用水水源地靶区。     

Geology,Pb Isotope Geochemistry and Ore Genesis of the Liziyuan Gold Deposit,West Qinling Orogen,Central China

The Liziyuan gold deposit, situated on the south side of the Shangdan suture zone, West Qinling Orogen, occurs in metamorphic volcanic rocks(greenschist facies) of the early Paleozoic Liziyuan Group and in Indosinian Tianzishan monzogranite. Orebodies in the Liziyuan gold field are controlled by the ductile-brittle shear zone, and by thrusting nappe faults related to the Indosinian orogeny. In detail, this paper analyzed the geological characteristics of the Liziyuan gold field, and the Pb isotopes of the Lziyuan host rocks, granitoids(Tianzishan monzogranite and Jiancaowan syenite porphyry), sulfides, and auriferous quartz veins by multiple-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(MC-ICPMS). In addition, previous data on the sulfur, hydrogen, and oxygen isotopes were employed to discuss the possible sources of the ore-forming fluids and materials, and to further understand the tectonic setting of the Liziyuan gold deposit. The sulfides and their host rocks(Lziyuan Group), Tianzishan monzogranite and Jiancaowan syenite porphyry, and auriferous quartz veins have similar Pb isotopic compositions.Zartman's plumbotectonic model diagram shows that most of the data for the deposit fall near the orogenic Pb evolutionary curve or within the area between the orogenic and mantle Pb evolutionary curves. In the△β-△γ diagram, which genetically classifies the lead isotopes, most of the data fall within the range of the subduction-zone lead mixed with upper crust and mantle. This indicates that a complex source of the ore lead formed in the orogenic environment. The δ~(34)S values of the sulfides range from 3.90 to 8.50‰(average6.80‰), with a pronounced mode at 5.00‰-8.00‰. These values are consistent with that of orogenic gold deposits worldwide, indicating that the sulfur sourced mainly from reduced metamorphic fluids. The isotopic hydrogen and oxygen compositions support a predominantly metamorphic origin of the oreforming fluids, with possible mixing of minor magmatic fluids, but the late stage was dominated by meteoric water. The characteristics of the Liziyuan gold deposit formed in the Indosinian orogenic environment of the Qinling Orogen are consistent with those of orogenic gold deposits found worldwide.     

U–Pb zircon ages, geochemical and isotopic compositions of granitoids in Songpan-Garze fold belt, eastern Tibetan Plateau: constraints on petrogenesis and tectonic evolution of the basement

The Songpan-Garze fold belt, located in the eastern part of the Tibetan Plateau, covers a huge triangular area bounded by the Yangtze (South China), the North China and the Tibetan Plateau blocks. In the northeastern part of the Songpan-Garze fold belt, the Yanggon and Maoergai granitoids provide insights into regional tectono-magmatic events, basement nature and tectonic evolution. U–Pb zircon SHRIMP dating shows that the Yanggon and Maoergai granitoids have magmatic crystallization ages of 221 ± 3.8 Ma and 216 ± 5.7 Ma, respectively. Both the granitoids display adakitic geochemical signatures, suggesting that their magma was derived from partial melting of thickened lower crust. Pb–Sr–Nd isotopic compositions for granitoids reveal that there is an unexposed Proterozoic basement in the Songpan-Garze belt, which has an affinity with the Yangtze block. During development of the Paleo-Tethys ocean, the basement of the Songpan-Garze belt would be a peninsula approaching the Paleo-Tethys ocean from the Yangtze block.     

武汉市侏儒-消泗地区农田系统中硒的分布特征及有效性研究

基于武汉市西南郊蔡甸区2个乡镇土地质量地球化学的调查分析结果,系统总结了区内土壤硒的分布特征,并探讨了有效态硒的影响因素以及硒的生物有效性。研究结果表明,区内土壤表层总量硒平均值为0.379mg/kg,背景值为0.355mg/kg,高于全国背景值,存在富硒地块面积约71.24km2,占调查区总面积的25.30%;土壤有效态硒受土壤全硒、有机碳、CEC、土壤pH值等环境因素的控制;不同农作物的富硒水平不同且与土壤背景值具有一定的相关性。这些研究结果为当地的富硒土壤资源开发利用提供了理论上的支撑。