羌塘盆地中央隆起带的重磁场证据及其构造意义

对于羌塘盆地是否存在横贯东西的中央隆起带,目前学术界仍有分歧.本文提供的最新高精度航空重、磁资料证实存在呈东西向贯通羌塘盆地的中央隆起带,并对该带的构造特征进行了精细刻画.隆起带受南北两侧深大断裂控制,其空间跨度（宽度）由西向东逐渐收敛,并被一组近南北向的隐伏断裂系切割、左滑错动.重、磁场资料还显示中央隆起带在双湖东、西两侧存在明显差异：西段基底大规模隆起,基岩深度一般在3~5 km以内,明显浅于南北羌塘坳陷7~15 km的基底埋深;东段基底隆起幅度明显降低,主要表现为潜伏的低隆起,其中双湖—雅曲段基底埋深5~7 km,雅曲—岗尼段基底埋深7~9 km;即中央隆起带基底自西向东"台阶状"降低,隆起的幅度和分布范围受到近南北向断裂控制.构造分层表明,与南羌塘地块相比,北羌塘地块的基底隆起幅度小、稳定性更好.南北羌塘基底地球物理属性的显著差异说明羌塘盆地并不存在统一的前寒武系变质基底,中央隆起带的形成应该与古特提斯洋关闭时形成的混杂岩带有关.     

油气成藏系统划分方法及其应用

在深入研究油气藏系统理论和油气势能理论的基础上，利用油气势能在剖面上的极值点和储集层中油气势能等值线的分隔槽，确定油气成藏的上边界和四周边界，建立了一套油气成藏系统的划分方法，并将其应用于松辽盆地大太长垣以地区扶余油层的油气成藏系统的划分中，其结果较客观地反映了该区扶余油层油气聚集规律，充分证明了此方法的实用性。     

A Baseline Assessment of Coral Reef in Malacca Straits,Malaysia

Coral reefs along the Malacca Straits (MS) are poorly developed mainly due to turbidity and sedimentation. This study describes the health status and community structure of the corals in Cape Rachado, West Coast of Peninsular Malaysia (WCPM), utilizing the Coral Video Transect (CVT) technique. All the survey transects were categorized as ‘fair’ coral conditions (27.39 ± 5.41%–48.56 ± 18.96%) with the reef floor mainly covered by corals and sediment. Twelve families of coral comprised of 25 distinct genera were identified. Coral communities were differentiated into four clusters with each being predominated by Galaxea, Diploastrea, Fungia and Pectinia respectively. Among all, Pectinia is the most spectacular genera and dominated the survey area. Along the MS, Favia, Favites and Porites are commonly found while Porites and Pectinia dominated the reefs. Low coral cover and diversity was recorded in MS as compared to the reefs in the South China Sea (SCS). The most prominent results include changes in the dominant coral from Porites to Pectinia while some species such as Acropora were absent from the study area. Based on the presented data, the reef in the study area was predominantly occupied by sediment and the coral communities were formed by a species with a high tolerance to turbidity and sedimentation.     

“十五”福建省地壳形变数字化监测网简介

该文主要对福建省地形变监测数字化监测网的特色 ,监测网的内容 ,布网目的 ,主要技术指标以及数据处理中心建设作了简介 ,最后对地壳形变数字化监测网在“数字福建”工程中的作用作了阐述     

广西苍梧县社洞钨钼矿床花岗岩类锆石LA-ICP-MS和辉钼矿Re-Os年龄及其地质意义

广西苍梧县社洞矿床是大瑶山隆起南侧正在勘查的一个与花岗岩类有关的斑岩-矽卡岩-石英脉型钨钼矿床,目前估算的资源量已达中型,并具有大型矿床的潜力.文章对矿区内的花岗岩类分别进行了单颗粒锆石LA-ICP-MS测年和辉钼矿Re-Os测年,获得社山复式岩体花岗斑岩的等时线年龄为(91.05±0.31) Ma,花岗闪长岩为(43...     

Influence of solar activity on the state of the wheat market in medieval England

The database of professor Rogers (1887), which includes wheat prices in England in the Middle Ages, was used to search for a possible influence of solar activity on the wheat market. Our approach was based on the following: (1) Existence of the correlation between cosmic ray flux entering the terrestrial atmosphere and cloudiness of the atmosphere. (2) Cosmic ray intensity in the solar system changes with solar activity, (3) Wheat production depends on weather conditions as a nonlinear function with threshold transitions. (4) A wheat market with a limited supply (as it was in medieval England) has a highly nonlinear sensitivity to variations in wheat production with boundary states, where small changes in wheat supply could lead to bursts of prices or to prices falling. We present a conceptual model of possible modes for sensitivity of wheat prices to weather conditions, caused by solar cycle variations, and compare expected price fluctuations with price variations recorded in medieval England. We compared statistical properties of the intervals between wheat price bursts during the years 1249-1703 with statistical properties of the intervals between the minima of solar cycles during the years 1700-2000. We show that statistical properties of these two samples are similar, both for characteristics of the distributions and for histograms of the distributions. We analyze a direct link between wheat prices and solar activity in the 17^th century, for which wheat prices and solar activity data (derived from ¹⁰Be isotope) are available. We show that for all 10 time moments of the solar activity minima the observed prices were higher than prices for the corresponding time moments of maximal solar activity (100% sign correlation, on a significance level < 0.2%). We consider these results a direct evidence of the causal connection between wheat prices bursts and solar activity.     

江西武山铜矿床形成过程:来自岩相学和矿物学的证据

江西武山铜矿床是长江中下游地区具有代表性的叠加复合矿床之一。文章选取武山铜矿床典型剖面为研究对象,在野外地质调研和室内岩相学研究的基础上,识别出层状硫化物型、层状矽卡岩型和接触交代矽卡岩型三类矿体,及相对应的3种类型矿石。3类矿石在矿物组合、结构构造和矿物学特征等方面有明显差异,分别显示出原生沉积、叠加改造和岩浆热液成因特征。选择代表性脉石矿物和矿石矿物进行矿物化学研究,认为石榴子石是岩浆期后热液渗滤交代作用的产物,层状矽卡岩中石榴子石相对富Fe,而接触交代矽卡岩中石榴子石相对富Al;矿区内存在2类黄铁矿,即胶状黄铁矿和粒状黄铁矿,分别对应原生沉积成因和岩浆热液交代成因;磁铁矿是与矽卡岩有关的岩浆期后热液交代作用的产物,层状矽卡岩中磁铁矿相对富Mg O和Mn O,贫Al2O3,受地层影响明显,而接触交代矽卡岩中磁铁矿相对富Al2O3,贫Mg O和Mn O,受岩浆岩影响明显。武山铜矿床的形成经历了原生沉积作用、岩浆热液交代作用及叠加改造作用等复杂成矿过程。     

Diagenetic evolution of the volcaniclastic deposits: an example from Neoproterozoic Dokhan Volcanics in Wadi Queih basin,central Eastern Desert,Egypt

Wadi Queih basin hosts a ～2,500-m thick Neoproterozoic volcanoclastic successions that unconformably lie over the oldest Precambrian basement. These successions were deposited in alluvial fan, fluviatile, lacustrine, and aeolian depositional environments. Diagenetic minerals from these volcaniclastic successions were studied by X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, and analytical electron microscopy. The diagenetic processes recognized include mechanical compaction, cementation, and dissolution. Based on the framework grain–cement relationships, precipitation of the early calcite cement was either accompanied or followed by the development of part of the pore-lining and pore-filling clay cements. Secondary porosity development occurred due to partial to complete dissolution of early calcite cement and feldspar grains. In addition to calcite, several different clay minerals including kaolinite, illite, and chlorite with minor smectite occur as pore-filling and pore-lining cements. Chlorite coating grains helps to retain primary porosity by retarding the envelopment of quartz overgrowths. Clay minerals and their diagenetic assemblages has been distinguished between primary volcaniclastics directly produced by pyroclastic eruptions and epiclastic volcaniclastics derived from erosion of the pre-existing volcanic rocks. Phyllosilicates of the epiclastic rocks display wider compositional variations owing to wide variations in the mineralogical and chemical compositions of the parent material. Most of the phyllosilicates (kaolinite, illite, chlorite, mica, and smectite) are inherited minerals derived from the erosion of the volcanic basement complex, which had undergone hydrothermal alteration. Smectites of the epiclastic rocks are beidellite–montmorillonite derived from the altered volcanic materials of the sedimentary environment. Conversely, phyllosilicate minerals of the pyroclastic rocks are dominated by kaolinite, illite, and mica, which were formed by pedogenetic processes through the hydrothermal influence.     

Land subsidence and declining water resources in Quetta Valley, Pakistan

Extensive groundwater withdrawals in urban areas may cause water shortages, land subsidence, and water quality problems. The Quetta Valley is the largest population center in Balochistan province in western Pakistan. This area is arid and groundwater is the main water source for domestic and agricultural use. This work presents global positioning system (GPS) data and assessment of spatial and temporal variations in water levels. GPS data from two stations from mid-2006 to the beginning of 2009 show subsidence rate of 10 cm\year. Nine satellite images from 1975 to 2009 were classified and processed to quantify land cover and land use changes, which highlight an increase in agricultural areas in the central region of the Quetta Valley, as well as reduced vegetation on mountains. These data correspond to gradual temporal changes in water volumes in streams and lakes. Average temperatures have also increased and mean precipitation has decreased during this period. However, the greatest change in this area has been in population growth, which rose from 260,000 in 1975 to 1.2 million in 2010, mainly due to migration of refugees from war-torn neighboring Afghanistan. The Quetta Valley provides a good example for studying the impact of urbanization on water resources.