原子荧光法测定地质样品和生物样品中痕量锗

本义采用氢化物法分离技术，使样品溶液中的锗转变为气态氢化锗（ＧｅＨ＿４），达到与基体分离的目的，有效地消除了各种离子的干扰。研究并证明了在１５％以上的磷酸介质中，各种酸（ＨＣｌ，Ｈ＿２ＳＯ＿４，ＨＮＯ＿３，ＨＣＩＯ＿４）度在１％－１０％的范围内变化均不影响锗的测定，大大简化了操作手续，方法灵敏度高、使用范围广、准确、简便、快速。Ｇｅ的检出限为０．１μｇ／ｇ，相对标准偏差＜７％。可应用于地质，冶金，生物，环保，卫生，食品中微量锗的测定。     

Origin of Natural Gas in Kekeya Field, Tarim Basin, China

This paper is mainly concentrated on the geochemical characteristics and origin of gas of Kekeya field in the Tarim basin, NW China. This study shows that Permian mudstone is the main source rock of oil and gas. Based on the carbon isotopes of C1--C4, the carbon isotope of gas in Kekeya field is a little heavier than that in the typical marine-derived gas. The relationship between carbon isotopes of methane and ethane is coincident with Faber equation of gas derived from organic matter Ⅰ/Ⅱ. The majority of gas maturity is estimated, based on the formula, at 1.8%-2.2% besides K2 and K18 wells. In addition, the gas derived from 0.9%-1.2% Ro source rocks may also bemixture. ^40Ar/^36Ar and ^3He/^4He ratios from the gas samples also support the mixing process. Moreover, the gas in this region is mainly generated from more mature source rocks although the low mature gas exists.     

西南天山构造地层学初步研究

西南天山造山带可划分为伊犁中天山、中天山南缘、南天山和塔里木４个构造地层区。伊犁中天山区出露早元古代变质结晶基底及晚期地台型稳定盖层。中天山南缘区产出一套早古生代变质俯冲杂岩。南天山区早古生代为陆坡、陆棚相被动陆缘沉积，晚古生代发育洋壳建造。塔里木区北部出露中晚元古代“优地槽建造”的变质结晶基底和早震旦世后稳定盖层。     

复合土钉支护技术在基坑支护工程中的应用——以广州地区为例

复合土钉支护技术是在土钉支护结构中复合其他土体加固技术的综合支护技术 ,是近年来在城市建筑深基坑支护工程中发展起来的一种具有中国特色的土钉支护技术。通过工程实例讨论了广州地区复合土钉支护工程中使用的基本支护结构、施工技术和工艺流程 ,并在此基础上提出了建议和意见     

The behaviour of geosynthetic-reinforced pile foundation under long-term dynamic loads: model tests

In order to reduce the effects of the low strength and high compressibility of soft soil, geosynthetic-reinforced pile foundations (GRPF) are widely applied for the construction of high-speed railways. Though its reinforcement effect is proved acceptable in practices so far, it is unclear whether it will keep this performance as the train speed continues increasing. Since it is impossible to study the problem in field tests, only mathematical and physical models can be used. However, the nonlinear behaviour of the soft soil complicates the use of analytical models. Therefore, this paper presents a small-scale model test to study the possible changes in stress distribution and deformation in the GRPF under increasing dynamic loads. One test with a natural foundation, without piles or geosynthetic, shows the difference with a similar construction with GRPF foundation. Furthermore, three GRPF tests show the influence of the embankment thickness. The results show the long-term dynamic loading significantly affects the dynamic stress and displacements of the subsoil between the piles of the GRPF. This effect can be divided into three stages with an increasing level of load amplitude: no impact, advantageous impact, and adverse impact. When the dynamic load reaches the adverse impact stage, the long-term dynamic loads reduce the dynamic pile–soil stress ratio, which means that more soil settlement will develop, because more dynamic stress is applied to the soft soil. The test results show that the reduction in dynamic stress on the subsoil in the GRPF construction is clearly lower than the dynamic stress on the natural foundation, due to the existence of rigid piles. Moreover, a thicker embankment gives significantly lower dynamic stresses on the subsoil between the piles. For the thickest embankment tested, the adverse impact stage was not found at all: the arching kept enhancing under long-term dynamic loading with high load amplitudes.

     

MT有限元模拟中截断边界的影响

利用有限元方法进行大地电磁正演数值模拟时,由于是在有限网格区域上的数值计算,模拟计算时的网格边界为截断边界,而有限元数值模拟时的大地电磁场边界条件需要在足够远处才能够满足,所以截断边界的存在可能会使大地电磁正演模拟的边界条件无法满足,致使对计算结果和计算精度产生影响。利用有限元二维正演程序,在网格边界处加载一维情况下的大地电磁场,然后固定研究区域的网格剖分,并对一维地电模型和二维地电模型在改变有限元网格边界大小的情况下进行计算。在对一维模型进行模拟计算时,截断边界对边界条件没有影响,边界条件自然满足。而对二维模型进行模拟计算时,截断边界的存在对计算结果有较大影响。利用趋肤深度作为有限元网格边界变化的量度,通过改变网格边界大小,对不同的二维地电模型进行计算比较,总结出适合大地电磁有限元正演模拟的参考网格边界。     

Geochemical distribution and removal of As,Fe, Mn and Al in a surface water system affected by acid mine drainage at a coalfield in Southwestern China

The chemical characteristics, formation and natural attenuation of pollutants in the coal acid mine drainage (AMD) at Xingren coalfield, Southwest China, are discussed in this paper based on the results of a geochemical investigation as well as geological and hydrogeological background information. The chemical composition of the AMD is controlled by the dissolution of sulfide minerals in the coal seam, the initial composition of the groundwater and the water–rock interaction. The AMD is characterized by high sulfate concentrations, high levels of dissolved metals (Fe, Al, Mn, etc.) and low pH values. Ca²⁺ and SO₄ ²⁻ are the dominant cation and anion in the AMD, respectively, while Ca²⁺ and HCO₃ ⁻ are present at significant levels in background water and surface water after the drainage leaves the mine site. The pH and alkalinity increase asymptotically with the distance along the flow path, while concentrations of sulfate, ferrous iron, aluminum and manganese are typically controlled by the deposition of secondary minerals. Low concentrations of As and other pollutants in the surface waters of the Xingren coalfield could be due to relatively low quantities being released from coal seams, to adsorption and coprecipitation on secondary minerals in stream sediments, and to dilution by unpolluted surface recharge. Although As is not the most serious water quality problem in the Xingren region at present, it is still a potential environmental problem. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

柴达木震旦纪—三叠纪盆地演化研究

柴达木盆地震旦纪-三叠纪构造演化经历了2 个一级构造旋回,即震旦纪-中泥盆世开合旋回和晚泥盆世-三叠纪开合旋回,它们与祁连洋、赛什腾-锡铁山洋、昆仑洋和阿尔金洋在不同阶段伸展张裂、俯冲消减和闭合作用有关,其分划性时间界面分别为800Ma、377 Ma 和208 Ma,时间跨度分别为423 Ma 和169 Ma.第一个旋回自震旦纪开始张裂,柴达木形成大陆裂谷盆地;寒武纪-中奥陶世伸展为被动大陆边缘,柴达木表现为克拉通内(伸展)盆地;晚奥陶世开始俯冲消减,泥盆纪晚期碰撞闭合,柴达木形成克拉通内(挤压)盆地。第二个旋回表现为海西-印支期与南昆仑洋有关的弧后拉张-弧后造山事件,柴达木在晚泥盆世-早二叠世形成弧后裂陷盆地,晚二叠世-三叠纪形成弧后前陆盆地。在两个开合旋回的末期,均发生大规模盆地反转作用,导致柴达木及邻区构造格局、海陆分布和沉积特征发生根本变化。     

岩浆流体对冲绳海槽海底成矿热水系统的可能贡献

海底火山活动区成矿热液流体来源长期存在争议,尽管海水来源说更为流行,但本文提供的下列证据表明,来自长曲质岩浆的流体对冲绳海槽现代活动热水成矿系统有较大贡献：（１）冲绳海槽ＪＡＤＥ热水区出现异常高热流,其下方１￣２ｋｍ处存在浅位长英质岩浆房;（２）ＣＯ２、烃类、Ｈ２等气体在热水成矿体系中极度富集甚至形成独立气流,与热水流体共存。气体的碳、氦同位素资料表明其来自长英质岩浆本系;（３）ＪＡＤＥ成矿热水系     

top-hat变换与庐枞矿集区大地电磁强干扰分离

作为一种非线性信号处理方法,基于数学形态学的广义形态滤波已经展现出其在大地电磁时间域信号去噪中的作用;然而,广义形态滤波在滤除大地电磁时间域信号中噪声波形的同时,也滤除了时间域信号中包含有用信息的缓变化。针对这一问题,提出一种基于数学形态学top-hat变换的大地电磁时间域噪声压制方案,利用top-hat变换对波峰和波谷的检测能力,采用直线型结构元素,对大地电磁时间域信号进行去噪。用该方法对庐枞矿集区大地电磁实测数据进行处理后,数据的标准差与曲线相似性参数都优于处理前数据,表明所提方法能够去除噪声波形并保留时间域信号的缓变化,恢复受噪声污染的大地电磁时间域信号,提高大地电磁视电阻率曲线的质量。