南海季风爆发与风向改变指数关系初探

通过定义一个风向改变指数,探讨了该指数与南海夏季风爆发之间的关系,得到以下主要结论:利用Yamamoto突变检验,定义了南海关键区,南海季风爆发时,850 hPa上的风场在该关键区确有突变发生;南海夏季风爆发时的风场突变是全球风场突变的一部分;分析了南海关键区上该指数的空间分布和时间演变,发现30～300 hPa平均于5月初风场开始反向,其早于低层风场反向约2周,这对预报南海季风爆发具有启示意义.     

北山地区早古生代板块构造特征

位于甘肃省西北边界和内蒙古自治区西端的北山地区,早古生代大地构造单元由塔里木板块东段北缘和北侧贝加尔期分裂出来的旱山微板块组成,其间被石板井-小黄山蛇绿混杂岩带所分隔。在漫长的构造演化进程中发育有蛇绿岩带。同时,经历了大西洋型、安第斯型(?)和西太平洋型大陆边缘的演化阶段,陆壳增厚,地壳成熟度增加,由大洋地壳和过渡型地壳向大陆型地壳转化。晚古生代初,全区进入板内活动时期。     

湖南常宁康家湾铅锌矿床角砾岩成因及其与成矿的关系

康家湾铅锌矿是一个大型多金属矿床,矿区内发育有大面积角砾岩。本文在详细地质工作的基础上,参照前人研究成果,探讨了该角砾岩成因及其与成矿的关系。根据角砾成分和空间分布等特征,矿区内角砾岩可划分为层间硅化角砾岩(Qb)、岩溶角砾岩(Kb)、崩塌角砾岩(Ba)和断层角砾岩(Bf)四种类型。分析认为角砾岩主要由构造与热液双重作用形成,分别经历构造破碎、热液交代及后期岩溶改造三个阶段。矿体主要赋存于层间硅化角砾岩中,少量角砾状矿石赋存于岩溶角砾岩中。据上认为,该套角砾岩成因与康家湾铅锌矿具有密切成因关系。     

Seismic sedimentology study of the Cretaceous in Chunguang exploration area,northwest of Junggar Basin

Seismic sedimentology is the effective method to depict the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of sedimentary system. Taking the Chunguang exploration area in the northwest of the Junggar Basin as an example,the sequence boundaries and their distributions were analyzed at first,and the high-resolution sequence framework was thus built. And then the sedimentary types were identified combined with seismic,mud-logging,well-logging,core and analytic data. Under the guidance of seismic sedimentology,the distribution of sedimentary systems were depicted using several techniques including stratal slicing. The results show that: (1)the Cretaceous was divided into four third-order sequences and seven fourth-order sequences in the Chunguang exploration area;(2)four types of sedimentary facies types are identified,including fan delta,braided river delta,hyperpycnal-flow deposits and lake;(3)through the phase adjustment,a good corresponding relationship between seismic amplitude and lithology is established. The frequency decomposition,RGB blending and stratal slicing techniques were carried out,and the spatial-temporal distribution of sedimentary systems in the study area was depicted precisely. During the depositional period of the Hutubi Formation,fan delta was developed in the northwest of the study area,and braided river delta and hyperpycnal-flow deposits were developed in the east,sinuous channels and lateral accretion packages can be observed from the stratal slices. The lake transgression reached the maximum during the depositional period of the Shengjinkou Formation,and it was favorable to development and preservation of hyperpycnal-flow deposits. The inherited fan delta deposits were still developed in the northwest of the study area. Due to the uplift of the northwest area,it could be only developed in the east area with braided deltas and gradually decreased hyperpycnal-flow deposits during the depositional period of the Lianmuqin Formation.     

矿坑涌水量计算成果精度的分级与储量等级及评分标准

本文以水口山、宝山、锡矿山、洪水坪、湘潭锰矿等各矿区的实际资料为依据,从影响矿坑涌水量计算的诸因素中,提出了矿坑涌水量全年中出现次数最多的值作为涌水量的基准值的概念,并以此值大小把矿坑涌水量分为3大类7亚类;对涌水量的动态变化采用涌水量最大值与正常值之比作为不稳定系数来表达,并将其分为4类;据动静储量的比例系数值把矿坑水储量分为静型、静动型和动型3类,从而确定了涌水量计算的内容,对计算精度依照基准值分类各划分了四个等级和相对应的储量等级,同时确定了相应的误差值与评分标准。     

非洲中南部铜多金属矿床研究现状及找矿潜力分析

非洲中南部地区的铜资源主要分布在赞比亚、刚果(金)和南非等12个国家,笔者根据非洲陆壳的形成、后期新元古代泛非运动及古生代—新生代的沉积作用等影响,将除非洲大陆西北缘,从摩洛哥到突尼斯的阿特拉斯山脉以外的非洲大陆划分为Ⅰ级构造单元;以新元古代泛非运动作为标志将非洲陆块划分为西非克拉通、东北非克拉通、中非克拉通、南非克拉通和泛非构造带5个Ⅱ级构造单元;将中南部非洲地区划分为28个Ⅲ级构造单元。在此基础上,笔者将非洲大陆划分为Ⅰ级成矿域,中南部非洲划分为南非克拉通金-铁-锰-铬-镍-铀-金刚石成矿省、中非克拉通金-铜-铁-钨-锡-铌-钽-金刚石成矿省和泛非构造带成矿省3个Ⅱ级成矿省及32个Ⅲ级成矿区(带),其中12个成矿区(带)与铜矿床有关。从地质特征及矿床成因方面对主要成矿区(带)中代表性的沉积变质-改造型铜钴矿床、与镁铁—超镁铁岩侵入体有关的铜镍矿床、与绿岩带有关的铜矿床、与碳酸岩体有关的铜矿床和与灰岩有关的铜多金属矿床进行了系统的总结。在缺乏重点地区物化探资料的条件下,笔者根据非洲中南部铜资源分布的国家、构造单元的划分、成矿区(带)的划分及代表性矿床特征,将非洲中南部地区初步划分为5个铜多金属矿找矿潜力区,并进行了初步的找矿潜力分析。     

中国陆域1:25万分幅建造构造图空间数据库

依托全国矿产资源潜力评价专项（2006—2013年）,通过全面收集1∶5万、1∶20万、1∶25万区域地质调查资料（含1999—2005年获取的青藏高原1∶25万区域地质调查资料）,地质研究成果、科研专著、重要文献等资料,以及地球物理、地球化学、遥感地质推断成果,在编制建立1∶25万分幅成矿地质背景研究实际材料图空间数据库基础上,应用建造构造分析法及编图技术,采用数据模型、质量控制模型、GIS软件等现代信息技术手段,按1∶25万标准分幅编图、建库、汇总、集成,建立了中国陆域1∶25万分幅建造构造图空间数据库,包含图幅数729幅及其相应编图说明书和图件元数据等内容,空间范围基本覆盖中国陆域。明显优于以系或组级地层单位为表示单元的传统地质图数据库：主图图面要素是组级岩石地层单位的进一步细化、分解为不同的岩石建造,按产状表达建造花纹,客观表达岩石建造和地质构造实体形迹,系统反映地质作用及其演化特征,读图直观且便于应用。可为1∶50万尺度及以小大地构造图的编制提供基础资料,为1∶25万尺度及以小区域矿产预测直接提取矿产预测要素,为1∶25万尺度及以小成矿规律研究提供地质构造专题底图资料;在地质找矿、地质灾害防治、水工环地质调查、地热资源勘查、生态文明建设等方面具有广泛且长久可重复利用价值。     

Modelling the response of glaciers to climate warming

 Dynamic ice-flow models for 12 glaciers and ice caps have been forced with various climate change scenarios. The volume of this sample spans three orders of magnitude. Six climate scenarios were considered: from 1990 onwards linear warming rates of 0.01, 0.02 and 0.04 K a^-1, with and without concurrent changes in precipitation. The models, calibrated against the historic record of glacier length where possible, were integrated until 2100. The differences in individual glacier responses are very large. No straightforward relationship between glacier size and fractional change of ice volume emerges for any given climate scenario. The hypsometry of individual glaciers and ice caps plays an important role in their response, thus making it difficult to generalize results. For a warming rate of 0.04 K a^-1, without increase in precipitation, results indicate that few glaciers would survive until 2100. On the other hand, if the warming rate were to be limited to 0.01 K a^-1 with an increase in precipitation of 10% per degree warming, we predict that overall loss would be restricted to 10 to 20% of the 1990 volume. Received: 30 June 1997/Accepted: 21 October 1997     

赣北中元古代双桥山群修水组“不整合”的形成与构造背景分析

赣北地区中元古代双桥山群修水组广泛出露。目前对修水组底部“不整合”争议较大,主要原因是对地层“不整合”以及砾岩性质存在认识上的分歧。本文根据现代构造理论,认为修水组底部砾岩属于挤压造山作用中晚期的沉积产物。它是威尔逊旋迥终期产物,不能作为造山结束之后新一轮沉积地层的底部砾岩层序