科尔沁沙地草地植被对围封和放牧的响应

研究了科尔沁沙地疏林草地、针茅草原和草甸植被盖度、地上和地下生物量、物种多样性对围封和放牧的响应。结果表明：（1）围封与放牧草地的优势植物不同,围封草地植物群落优势植物为多年生禾本科植物,放牧草地中一年生植物和小半灌木优势明显。（2）围封和放牧草地的植物盖度、凋落物量、地上生物量和物种丰富度存在明显差异（P<0.05）;围封显著提高了植被盖度和地上生物量,由疏林草地、针茅草原到草甸,植物盖度和地上生物量逐渐增加,而3种草地植被凋落物量大小顺序为针茅草原> 疏林草地> 草甸;放牧条件下植物盖度、凋落物量和物种丰富度差异不显著（P>0.05）。（3）3种草地之间的地下生物量无显著差异（P>0.05）,但围封与放牧之间、不同土壤层次之间地下生物量存在明显差异（P<0.05）;围封显著提高草地的地下生物量（P<0.05）;草地地下生物量随着土壤深度表现出下降趋势（P<0.05）。长期放牧增加了草地一年生植物和小半灌木植物的优势,消除了不同草地之间植被盖度和物种丰富度的差异;而围封能提高草地多年生禾本科植物的优势、增加其物种丰富度,对于草地质量和植物多样性的恢复和保育具有积极作用。     

激光雷达用于地震预测

海地地震发生后,更多的余震持续摇晃着这个国家。这次Mw7．0级地震来得如此迅速、如此猛烈,让人束手无策。解决类似问题的关键在于认识地球表面的变化。目前,一种新的激光成像技术正在改变我们认识世界的方式。     

加州地震预警系统未来数年内建成

美国地球物理学联合会（AGU）于2009年12月14-15日在旧金山举行会议,根据会上提交的研究成果,未来几年内将建成加州地震预警系统。目前正在实施的该研究项目证实了建立加州地震预警系统的可行性,并展示了该系统建成后的布局。     

中国玉树地震探究

2010年4月发生在中国西部的大地震目前已造成2000多人死亡。根据研究人员的分析,此次地震可能会增加附近一条断层上的应力,同时也增加了受灾地区面临再次地震的危险。     

无人值守GPS站点远程监控系统

设计了一套完整的GPS站点远程监控系统,包括：GPS接收机设备系统、交直流电源系统、网络设备系统、机房环境系统4个方面的实时联网监控,实现对无人值守GPS站点内统一远程监控和管理。对实时监控站点中出现的突发故障及隐患,远程管理人员能够实时发现、及时解决。该系统适应于单个站点或多个联网站点集中监控,同时也适应于基准网、基本网、区域网等多种网络环境。     

Evaluation of the uncertainty in estimation of metal resources of skarn tin in Southern China

This study is concerned with the problem of how many undiscovered mineral deposits can be expected to occur in the vicinity of any known deposit, especially if the deposit is nearly mined out. Skarn tin deposits in southern China were chosen to demonstrate that fractal modeling can be a useful tool to characterize the spatial–temporal distribution of mineral deposits, and to quantify their grades and tonnages. The results show that the spatial–temporal distribution of skarn tin deposits as well as their grades and tonnages satisfy fractal statistic, and suggest that 14 skarn tin deposits could be found around a known skarn tin deposit within a radius of 80 km. Monte Carlo simulation was used to combine the number of deposits and the frequency distributions of grade and tonnage and to capture the uncertainty in estimation of metal resources. At the 90%, 50% and 10% confidence levels, tin metal resources amount to 6 ton, 200 ton, and 1.0 × 10⁴ ton around a known tin deposit within a radius of 80, respectively.     

Transect-based three-dimensional road modeling and visualization

On the basis of the study on road elements and the existing three-dimensional road data models, this paper puts forward the transect-based road modeling, resolves the modeling of the simplest road with two road transects, and fulfils the visualization of the road. OpenGL is applied as the tool of visualization. The map texture technology, LOD algorithm and dynamic multi-differentiating texture technology are of benefit to the construction of 3D road GIS, and improve the speed of roaming and effective visualization. This paper also disusses the combination of 2D digitall road map and 3D road scene, and the dynamic response between them. Finally, on the basis of the research on the transect-based road model, this paper develops the three-dimen-sional road geographic information system called virtual road ( VRoad ), which not only supplies road designers with a set of tool which can turn the designed 2D road data into 3D road and the high road assistant function area in computer, but also supplies the road management with a set of tool which can realize the road real time and interactive roaming, high-efficiency management.     

北祁连西段熬油沟蛇绿岩的矿物学研究

本文对北连熬油沟蛇绿岩中的辉石,长石、铬铁矿物铁钛氧化物的成分进行了研究,结果表明,铬铁矿具有高Ａｌ、Ｍｇ含量和低Ｆｅ＾３＋及Ｃｒ含量（Ｃｒ值为０．４８－０．４９）的特点,反映了其形成于大洋中脊下的低熔地幔。辉石、铬铁矿物铁太氧化物中Ｆｅ＾２＋的含量均较低,表明这些矿物的分离结晶作用是在低氧逸度条件下进行的,因而熬油沟蛇绿岩中的玄武质岩石均不是初始岩浆,而是分离结晶以后形成的残余岩浆,其初岩浆可能     

大气对冬季南海海表水温月异常响应的初步研究

本文利用中科院大气物理研究所的二层大气环流模式（IAP—GCMⅡ）,对冬季南海海表水温月异常对全球气候的影响进行了数值试验,讨论了相对该异常的南北半球响应波列及其与大气指数循环韵律的关系。研究表明,南北球中高纬500hPa响应波列的产生是由于南海海表水温月异常改变了大气原有指数循环韵律的缘故。本文还发现,当南海海表水温月异常时,大气中存在三个明显的温度低频振荡响应,其对气候预测有一定的预报指示作用。     

Slope hybrid reliability analysis considering the uncertainty of probability-interval using three-parameter Weibull distribution

A reliability model is proposed to solve the problem of hybrid uncertainty with both random and interval variables in slope engineering. A hybrid uncertainty model based on the dimension reduction method and Taylor expansion is constructed to approximate the limit state function. Using the polynomial theorem and variable transformation method, the origin and center moments’ interval of the limit state function are calculated. Moment information is applied to the expansion of a three-parameter Weibull distribution, and the cumulative distribution function and probability density function of limit state function are determined. As a result, the failure probability interval of the slope is calculated. The interval uncertainty problem is transformed into an interval certainty problem using Taylor expansion without solving for the statistical moment of limit state function using multiple integrals and iteratively searching for the most probable failure points. The numerical results from two slopes show that the proposed method is effective and feasible.