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41.
The water and bed-sediment pollution status of the Padma River was determined by analysis of representative samples for selected
metals and ions. Water and bed-sediment samples were collected at a T-dam, Rajshahi, Bangladesh, for 7 months. Water and silt-metal
content analysis was performed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry or other analytical methods. The data showed the
variation of the metal ion-levels in water as follows: Ca 17.11–48.37 ppm, Na 17.51–20.09 ppm, K 1.00–3.60 ppm, Cr 2.80–7.00 ppm,
and SO4 4.17–5.48 ppm; in bed sediment, the levels were Cr 35–1050 ppm and Pb 12–48 ppm. The occurrence of Na, K and Ca was in the
normal range (US EPA permissible limit), but the levels of Cr in water were much higher than the permissible limit. The SO4 ion content was well below the pollution level. The concentration of Pb in the bed sediment was within the permissible limit
for the standard International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Soil-5a, but the concentration of Cr in the bed sediment was significantly
higher than the permissible limit for the standard IAEA Soil-5a. Thus the Padma river water was polluted with Cr. The occurrence
of some ions showed a monthly variation.
Received: 19 August 1999 · Accepted: 12 October 1999 相似文献
42.
The idea of using a thin solid element, called a thin-layer element, in soil-structure interaction and rock joints is proposed. A special constitutive model is used and various deformation modes such as no slip, slip, debonding and rebonding are incorporated. The shear stiffness is found from special laboratory tests and the normal stiffness is assumed to be composed of participation of the thin-layer element and the adjoining solid elements. A parametric study shows that the thickness of the thin-layer element can be such that the ratio of thickness to (mean) dimension of the adjacent element is in the range of 0.01 to 0.1. A number of simple and practical problems are solved to illustrate the success of the thin-layer element for soil-structure interaction problems. 相似文献
43.
B. Zaman B. H. Niazi M. Athar M. Ahmad 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2005,2(1):7-12
Wheat being a glycophyte crop, responds differently to saline-sodic soil environmental conditions. The application of calcium is multidimensional with respect to sodium ion and plant part response. This study was conducted to record the response of shoot and root to sodium and calcium interaction under saline environment. Wheat seed of variety Punjab 85 were raised in quartz sand. Later on the seedlings were transplanted to pots containing Hoagland’s nutrient solution along with NaCl at 0 mM. and 50 mM. Calcium was applied as CaSO2 2H2O at 3 mM. and 6 mM. Under saline conditions shoot showed positive response to sodium ion in the presence of higher calcium. Relative water contents were higher in the root system at 6 mM of CaSO4. 2H2O under saline condition. Growth responses to potassium and Magnesium in the presence of sodium induced salinity with calcium ion interaction remained variable. 相似文献
44.
45.
This paper presents the engineering geological properties and support design of a planned diversion tunnel at the Boztepe dam site that contains units of basalt and tuffites. Empirical, theoretical and numerical approaches were used and compared in this study focusing on tunnel design safety. Rock masses at the site were characterized using three empirical methods, namely rock mass rating (RMR), rock mass quality (Q) and geological strength index (GSI). The RMR, Q and GSI ratings were determined by using field data and the mechanical properties of intact rock samples were evaluated in the laboratory. Support requirements were proposed accordingly in terms of different rock mass classification systems. The convergence–confinement method was used as the theoretical approach. Support systems were also analyzed using a commercial software based on the finite element method (FEM). The parameters calculated by empirical methods were used as input parameters for the FEM analysis. The results from the two methods were compared with each other. This comparison suggests that a more reliable and safe design could be achieved by using a combination of empirical, analytical and numerical approaches. 相似文献
46.
47.
This paper completes the series of three articles devoted to automated forecasting of flash floods [3, 5] and describes an
effective approach of forecast updating through post-processing operations, which can be useful only in conjunction with such
fast and efficient real-time re-calibration algorithms as SLS-based methods are. In particular, a proposed methodology is
aimed to reduce negative consequences of scarce or low-quality data that can corrupt optimized parameters and, therefore,
lower forecasting efficiency. A new modification of SLS-based optimization that supposes simultaneous re-calibration of the
model and correction of the model input by generating of ensemble noises (SLS-E) is presented. 相似文献
48.
Assessment of heavy metal contamination in the surficial sediments from the lower Meghna River estuary,Noakhali coast,Bangladesh 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Mohammad Abdul Momin Siddique Mahfuzur Rahman Shahriar MdArifur Rahman MdRubel Hassan Zeenath Fardous Muhammed Alamgir Zaman Chowdhury Mohammad Belal Hossain 《国际泥沙研究》2021,36(3):384-391
Sediment samples were collected from ten selected sites of the lower Meghna River estuary,and six heavy metals were analyzed with Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry(AAS)to assess the contamination level and the metals’association with sediment grain size.The current results revealed that the mean concentrations of the studied metals were ranked in descending order of iron(Fe)(1.29×103 mg/kg)>zinc(Zn)(42.41 mg/kg)>lead(Pb)(12.48 mg/kg)>chromium(Cr)(10.59 mg/kg)>copper(Cu)(6.22 mg/kg)>cadmium(Cd)(0.28 mg/kg).The geo-accumulation,contamination,and pollution load indexes suggested that the lower Meghna river estuary was not contaminated by Fe,Zn,Pb,Cr,and Cu.The mean size of the sediment ranged from 28.92 to 126.2 mm,and the Pearson correlation coefficient showed a significant association between Fe and Pb(coefficient of determination,r2=0.836;p<0.05),and no significant correlation was found between individual metals and grain size,indicating no or low influence on the metals distribution. 相似文献
49.
An analytical method is presented for analysis of slope stability involving cohesive and non-cohesive soils. Earthquake effects are considered in an approximate manner in terms of seismic coefficient-dependent forces. Two kinds of failure surfaces are considered in this study: a planar failure surface, and a circular failure surface. The proposed method can be viewed as an extension of the method of slices, but it provides a more accurate treatment of the forces because they are represented in an integral form. The factor of safety is obtained by using the minimization technique rather than by a trial and error approach used commonly. The factors of safety obtained by the analytical method are found to be in good agreement with those determined by the local minimum factor-of-safety, Bishop's, and the method of slices. The proposed method is straightforward, easy to use, and less time-consuming in locating the most critical slip surface and calculating the minimum factor of safety for a given slope. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
50.
Akhter Waseem Zaman Khalid Nassani Abdelmohsen A. Abro Muhammad Moinuddin Qazi 《Natural Hazards》2020,101(1):143-172
Natural Hazards - Debris flows are a hazardous natural calamity in mountainous regions of Nepal. Torrential rainfall within a very short period of the year is the main triggering factor for... 相似文献