Earth surface processes and their effects on human behavior in monsoonal China during the Pleistocene-Holocene epochs

There is a wide diversity of landforms in China. The topography of three major terraces, decreasing in height stepwise from west to east, was formed by the early Miocene. With the commencement of the Great Northern Hemisphere Glaciations (GHGs) and the glacial-interglacial cycles in the Pleistocene, thick loess deposits accumulated in north China, and fluvial terraces were formed and lakes expanded and contracted in eastern and central China. The earliest evidence of hominins in China is dated to ～1.7 Ma; they occupied the monsoon-dominated region for a long interval, until the late Pleistocene, ～50 ka. In this study, we investigated a large area rich in the relics and artifacts of early man. The results indicate that the early humans occupied riverine areas, especially medium-sized fluvial basins, and lake shores. Even in the relatively recent geological past, the occupation and abandonment of settlements were directly forced by the shifting of sand dune fields in the desert-loess transitional zone, which in turn was closely associated with variations in the monsoon climate and vegetation patterns. Our observations indicate that landforms were one of the main determinants of early human behavior, in that loess tableland, large alluvial plains, desert-Gobi areas, and the Tibetan Plateau, were not suitable environments for early human settlement. We infer that the early humans in China adapted their behavior to specific landforms and landform processes. The monsoon climate, which shapes the large-scale step-like pattern of fluvial landforms, promotes vegetation coverage and dominates soil formation, provides a crucial context for early human adaptation. The adaptation of early humans to earth surface processes in East Asia is investigated for the first time in this study. Future investigations will provide further information that will increase our understanding of the linkage between early human behavior and landform processes in East Asia.     

三峡库区水体和底泥中多环芳烃和邻苯二甲酸酯类分布和来源

通过对2016年三峡库区干支流18个采样点水体和底泥中16种多环芳烃(PAHs)和6种邻苯二甲酸酯类(PAEs)污染物浓度的时空分布特征和来源进行分析,得出如下结论:三峡库区2016年水体和底泥中ΣPAHs分别为3.9~107.6 ng/L(均值为39.9 ng/L)和267.9~1018.1 ng/g(均值为490.9 ng/g),ΣPAEs分别为122.4~2884.7 ng/L(均值为848.1 ng/L)和192.9~3473.4 ng/g(均值为1253.35 ng/g).水库水体和底泥中PAHs和PAEs均表现出显著的时空分布特征.干支流水体ΣPAHs平均浓度均为放水期(6月)高于蓄水期(12月),干流底泥ΣPAHs平均含量在蓄水期高于放水期.干流水体中ΣPAEs平均浓度在蓄水期显著高于放水期,底泥中ΣPAEs平均含量为放水期高于蓄水期.库区水体中的PAHs以2~3环和4环为主,底泥中以4环和5~6环为主.水体和底泥中PAEs均以邻苯二甲酸(2-乙基已基)酯和邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯为主.库区水体中PAHs的主要来源为焦化或煤焦油挥发、石油源及燃料的中低温燃烧;底泥中PAHs主要来源为煤和生物质燃烧以及石油.水体和底泥中的PAEs主要来源于塑料和重化工工业以及生活垃圾.     

大气振荡与月球引潮力

通过对北兰球高续近地面大气经向运动变化、北半球１００ｈＰａ极地低压环流变化、赤道附近２００ｈＰａ和８５０ｈＰａ大气续向运动变化等现象的分析,指出北半球１００ｈＰａ极地低压环流变化是与日、月引潮力场周期变化高相关的大气振荡现象,另二者的变化与月球引潮力场变化周期同步或基本同步。     

气象要素时间序列的演化建模分析与短期气候预测

以武汉站(5~9月)汛期降水量观测数据序列为例,将这类具有明显的不规则性(混沌特征)时间序列分解为宏观气候尺度周期的波动部分和迭加其上的微观气候尺度周期的波动部分,分别采用演化建模方法和自然基小波方法模拟逼近。特别强调由演化建模方法得到的非线性常微分方程较之传统的线性建模具有更好的分析预测能力。     

国土资源科技成果管理与发布信息系统设计与开发

国土资源科技成果管理与发布信息系统设计依托于国土资源部内外网和单机版环境,采用成熟先进的．NeT、数据库、XML等技术,实现了各类数据的管理、查询与维护。系统包括科技成果登记管理发布子系统、科技奖励申报管理发布子系统、外事资料和考察报告汇交子系统和科技成果网4个子系统。系统设计具有先进性、开放性和安全性等特点。     

完全保持能量守恒的非常定自适应网格模式

本文基于自适应网格的原理，发展了一套网格随时间变的自适应网格模式。该模式保持着 IAP 模式原有的整体积分性质，并具有在任何时刻可随意调整网格点的疏密程度及网格点与边界相重合的特点。可用于台风路径的数值预报等方面。     

基于残差周期修正的辽宁省粮食产量灰色预测

基于1971-2005年辽宁省主要粮食作物水稻和玉米的全区平均单产资料,根据产量数据的多周期和波动性特点,采用周期修正残差值方法,构建了辽宁省粮食产量灰色预测模型,采用正弦曲线拟合残差序列,对模型的残差进行周期修正,预测精度提高。结果表明：预测“十二五”期间,辽宁省水稻在2013年以后出现小幅度下降,而单产绝对值仍处于...     

高温中暑气象等级评定方法

在全球气候变化的大背景下, 高温热浪天气频繁出现, 由其引发的群发性中暑事件不断发生。为了有效预防极端高温天气对人体健康的影响, 利用全国358个重点城市1996-2005年逐日地面气象观测资料, 通过对气象要素与中暑的相关分析, 选择炎热指数为气象指标对引发中暑的气象条件进行了等级划分, 同时考虑不同程度高温天气的持续时间确定了高温中暑气象等级, 分别为可能发生中暑、较易发生中暑、易发生中暑和极易发生中暑4个等级。利用武汉市1994年和1995年7 -8月中暑人数与高温中暑气象等级进行对比分析, 结果表明:两者具有较好的对应关系。     

The development and initial tests of an atmospheric model based on a vertical coordinate with a smooth transition from terrain following to isentropic coordinates

An atmospheric model (η model) is developed by modifying the UW θ－σ hybrid model. In the η model, the vertical coordinate transforms smoothly from terrain following to isentropic coordinates. The model is developed to capitalize on the inherent advantage of numerical modeling in isentropic coordinates and to eliminate the interface between the sigma planetary boundary layer and isentropic free atmosphere present in the UW θ－σ model. This formulation provides the potential for the data assimilation and the application of higher order schemes. This paper describes the structure of the η model and presents results from initial numerical experiments. The first experiment tests the capability of the η model for simulating the baroclinic development process. In the 48-hr numerical weather forecast experiment, the η model produces reasonable precipitation and synoptic fields at all levels which are similar to those from the UW θ-σ model. The second and third experiments test the capability of the η model for conserving 1) the joint distribution of isentropic potential vorticity (IPV) and proxy ozone and 2) equivalent potential temperature under frictionless and isentropic conditions. These experiments show that distributions of IPV and proxy ozone in the pure isentropic domain and the distributions of prognostic and diagnostic equivalent potential temperature in the model domain remain highly correlated to day 10.     

大兴安岭植被NDVI变化及其对气候的响应

利用S-G(Savitsky-Golay)滤波对2000—2016年呼伦贝尔市境内的大兴安岭植被NDVI序列进行逐栅格重构并剔除突变点,结合大兴安岭海拔、坡向、坡度等地理因子和气温、降水等气象因子,分析大兴安岭植被生长季NDVI的变化及其对气候的响应。结果表明:大兴安岭植被NDVI生长季均值呈上升趋势,平均增速为0. 029/10 a。植被NDVI随海拔的增加呈现先缓慢减小后迅速增加的趋势,随坡向变化不大,随坡度的增加而增加。植被NDVI的生长季均值与1 a前和2 a年前的降水呈现显著的正相关,具有明显的滞后性。在每年植被恢复生长初期各海拔植被均与气温呈现极显著的正相关,年内植被NDVI与降水的相关性在垂直方向上存在较大差异。