中国重要生态保护区域人类干扰时空变化特征分析

构建人类干扰指数,从时间和空间双重角度,评估中国重要生态保护区域人类干扰变化特征。研究表明：① 总体来说,2018年中国重要生态保护区域人类干扰低于全国平均水平,1980―2018年,和全国平均水平相比,中国重要生态保护区域人类干扰增加幅度小、增长趋势慢,定量说明中国重要生态保护区域人类活动整体管控成效好;② 1980―2018年,3类重要生态保护区域（国家级自然保护区、生物多样性优先区、重点生态功能区）人类干扰指数均呈逐步增加趋势。以“胡焕庸线”为界,重要生态保护区域以西、以北人类干扰总体较小,增加相对缓慢;以东、以南人类干扰相对明显,增加也相对明显,今后对这些区域要重点加强管控;③ 国家级自然保护区人类干扰指数在5个监测年份均最低,增加趋势最平缓、增幅最小,人类活动实际管控成效最好;重点生态功能区和生物多样性优先区人类干扰相对较大,管控成效有待显现,结果反映中国对重要生态保护区域分类管控力度和梯度的差异;④ 重要生态保护区域内部人类干扰指数及增幅均低于外部未受保护区域,构建重要生态保护区域有效降低人类干扰。     

夏季南海北部微型浮游动物群落

根据2014年8月至9月于珠江口至南海中部断面(18°00'~22°00'N,114°00'~116°00'E)的南海北部海域进行采样调查,并进行了微型浮游动物群落分析。共发现微型浮游动物142种,隶属于2门44属,其中砂壳纤毛虫28属78种,占所有发现物种数的54.93%;寡毛类纤毛虫14属59种,占所有发现物种数的41.55%。优势类群为:拟卡金斯急游虫(Strombidium paracalkinsi)、具沟急游虫(Strombidium sulcatum)、维尔伯特急游虫(Strombidium wilberti)和无节幼体(nauplii)。调查区微型浮游动物的丰度介于11.43~959.35 ind/L之间,平均值为264.99 ind/L。微型浮游动物垂直分布总体特点是密集区位于50 m水层,50 m水层之下丰度逐渐减少。表层微型浮游动物丰度高值区位于J5-I1站位之间。断面的香农-威纳指数范围在0.92~4.18之间,平均值为2.77;均匀度指数在0.63~1之间,平均值为0.87。应用典范对应分析(CCA)发现温度和盐度是影响微型浮游动物群落的重要因素。通过对连续追踪站位的调查发现,上层水体微型浮游动物群落丰度随着时间而发生一定的变化,下层水体相对较平缓。微型浮游动物昼夜的垂直丰度变化与叶绿素浓度昼夜变化大致相符。     

阿尔金山南缘清水泉地区斜长角闪岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年及其地质意义

阿尔金群为阿尔金构造带的古老变质基底,由于缺乏精确的同位素测年数据,对其形成时代尚存争议。运用LA-ICP-MS 锆石U-Pb 定年分析方法,对阿尔金山南缘清水泉地区阿尔金群中的斜长角闪岩进行了年代学测定,并初步探讨其地质意义。锆石CL图像具有多晶面面状结构,无岩浆锆石具有的震荡环带和核边结构,Th/U比值大多都较低(<0.1),显示变质锆石的特点。18个锆石颗粒的19个测点给出的207Pb/206Pb年龄介于(1786±16)～(1877±12)Ma之间,加权平均值为(1827±13)Ma(MSWD=4.4,1σ)。区域地质与同位素年代学新资料表明,阿尔金山南缘清水泉地区在古元古代晚期存在一期构造-热事件,本期事件与吕梁运动的时限相吻合,在全球尺度上可能是古元古代哥伦比亚超大陆汇聚-裂解事件在该地区的响应,也证明阿尔金山存在新太古代—古元古代的变质基底,并且为探讨阿尔金构造带前寒武纪构造-热事件和演化历史提供了新证据。     

Pore structure and heterogeneity of shale gas reservoirs and its effect on gas storage capacity in the Qiongzhusi Formation

Fine characterization of pore systems and heterogeneity of shale reservoirs are significant contents of shale gas reservoir physical property research.The research on micro-control factors of low productivity in the Qiongzhusi Formation(Fm.)is still controversial.The lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Fm.in the Qujing,Yunnan was taken as the object to investigate the influence of mineral compositions on the phys-ical properties of the reservoir and the heterogeneity of shale,using the algorithm to improve the char-acterization ability of Atomic Force Microscopy(AFM).The results showed that:(1)The pores are mainly wedge-shaped pores and V-shaped pores.The pore diameter of the main pore segment ranges from 5 to 10 nm.Mesopores are mainly developed in the Qiongzhusi Fm.shale in Well QD1,with the average pore diameter of 6.08 nm.(2)Microscopic pore structure and shale surface properties show strong hetero-geneity,which complicates the micro-migration of shale gas and increases the difficulty of identifying high-quality reservoirs.(3)The increase of clay mineral content intensifies the compaction and then destroys the pores.Conversely,brittle minerals can protect pores.The support and protection of brittle minerals to pores space depend on their content,mechanical properties and diagenesis.(4)Compression damage to pores,large microscopic roughness and surface fluctuations and strong pore structure heterogeneity are the reasons for the poor gas storage capacity of the Qiongzhusi Fm.,which will lead to poor productivity in the Qiongzhusi Fm.     

Carbon and oxygen isotopic composition of car- bonate cements of different phases in terrigenous siliciclastic reservoirs and significance for their origin： A case study from sandstones of the Triassic Yanchang Formation, southwestern Ordos Basin, China

Early carbonate cements in the Yanchang Formation sandstones are composed mainly of calcite with relatively heavier carbon isotope （their δ^18O values range from -0.3‰- -0.1‰） and lighter oxygen isotope （their δ^18O values range from -22.1‰- -19.5‰）. Generally, they are closely related to the direct precipitation of oversaturated calcium carbonate from alkaline lake water. This kind of cementation plays an important role in enhancing the anti-compaction ability of sandstones, preserving intragranular volume and providing the mass basis for later disso- lution caused by acidic fluid flow to produce secondary porosity. Ferriferous calcites are characterized by relatively light carbon isotope with δ^13C values ranging from -8.02‰ to -3.23‰, and lighter oxygen isotope with δ^18O values ranging from -22.9‰ to -19.7‰, which is obviously related to the decarboxylation of organic matter during the late period of early diagenesis to the early period of late diagenesis. As the mid-late diagenetic products, ferriferous cal- cites in the study area are considered as the characteristic authigenic minerals for indicating large-scaled hydrocarbon influx and migration within the clastic reservoir. The late ankerite is relatively heavy in carbon isotope with δ^13C values ranging from -1.92‰ to -0.84‰, and shows a wide range of variations in oxygen isotopic composition, with δ^18O values ranging from -20.5‰ to -12.6‰. They are believed to have nothing to do with decarboxylation, but the previously formed marine carbonate rock fragments may serve as the chief carbon source for their precipitation, and the alkaline diagenetic environment at the mid-late stage would promote this process.     

贵州罗甸纳饶剖面石炭系维宪阶-谢尔普霍夫阶界线附近的有孔虫

贵州罗甸纳庆剖面是竞争谢尔普霍夫阶底界全球界线层型剖面和点位的最有力候选剖面之一.纳饶剖面紧邻纳庆剖面,是其辅助剖面.纳饶剖面维宪阶-谢尔普霍夫阶(Viséan-Serpukhovian)界线层段的牙形刺生物地层已经初步建立,可与纳庆剖面直接对比.纳饶剖面V/S界线位于41.8 m处,是以牙形刺演化谱系L.nodosa...     

根据断裂力学观点推算1976年盐源地震的发震应力场

利用断裂力学观点前已得出震级 M、区域剪切应力值τ₀, 震源破裂半径 a 之间的关系式^[1]. 通过求a和M可算出应力值M, shear stress τ₀ of the source region and radius a of the earthquake fracture (assumed eircular) was obtained previously, from which one can get the stress value τ₀ if a and M are known. The direction of the stress field is determined by averaging the focal mechanism solutions of small earthquakes of the region. This paper discusses the variation of stress field τ₀ with time for the source region before and after the Yan-Yuan Earthquake, Yunnan Province, occurred on November 7, 1976, magnitude 6.9 and compares the stress field with that of the neighbouring regions.The results are as follows:(1). Before the Yan-Yuan Earthquake, in the neighbouring region Zhong-Dian, the value of τ₀ was four times higher than all other parts of the entire province of Yunnan.(2). In the Yan-Yuan region, from the beginning of 1976, the τ₀ value increased substantially and meanwhile the average direction of stress field from small earthquake source mechanism solutions was essentially the same as that of the main shock. Thus, one can see the actual variation of the stress field before the Yan-Yuan Earthquake.A discussion regarding the errors and sources of errors in the computation of the τ₀ valus has been made and also the possibility and the consequent error for comparing the τ₀ values of different regions using a single recording station or many stations, analysed.      

基于稀疏约束反演的三维混采数据分离

混合震源采集技术相对于传统的地震数据采集,在极大提高采集效率的同时引入了混叠噪声,很大程度上影响了成像结果的精度.二维混采数据中,我们通常利用混叠噪声在非共炮域呈非相干分布这一特点来压制混叠噪声,从而实现混合震源数据分离.相对于二维混采数据,三维混采数据具有数据量巨大,构建混合震源算子困难,混合度的增加引入了高强度混叠噪声的特点.针对上述问题,本文采用稀疏约束反演方法在Radon域实现混采数据分离,混叠噪声强度比较大的情况下,稀疏约束反演方法能够得到更高精度的分离结果;利用震源激发的GPS时间通过长记录的方式在共接收点道集对上一次迭代分离结果做混合、伪分离,实现了单个共接收点道集自身混合、伪分离,避免了对整个数据做运算,同时不需要构建混合震源算子.通过模拟数据和实际数据计算来验证上述方法的适用性.

     

Contribution of climatic and technological factors to crop yield: empirical evidence from late paddy rice in Hunan Province,China

Climatic and technological factors are two remarkable aspects that are thought to contribute to crop yield change. However, the most significant factors and their contribution rate remain debatable. Selecting Hunan Province, which is one of the largest paddy rice producing regions in China as the research area, the marginal contributions of climatic and technological factors to late paddy yield change are estimated using a county-level panel data regression model with explicit consideration of technological variables during 2000–2011. The results indicate that the mean daily temperature and adoption rate of hybrid rice have significant positive impacts on late paddy rice yield. During the research period, 1 °C temperature increase will cause 7.220 t/km² increase in late paddy rice yield, and 1 % increase in the adoption rate of hybrid rice will cause 0.212 t/km² increase. Climatic factors, especially their annual variability, exhibit a stronger overall linkage to changes in late paddy rice yield in the study area compared with the technological factors. Climatic factors accounted for 67.645 and 74.585 % of the trend and variability in late paddy rice yield, respectively. The results of this study can provide valuable information for stakeholders to adjust the input on late paddy rice production and better adapt to the effect of climate change.     

基于等效偏移距的偏移成像方法

等效偏移距偏移(EOM)成像方法将克希霍夫时间偏移的双平方根方程转化为一个单平方根方程,使输入采样在没有发生时移的情况下映射到以等效偏移距为变量的共散射点道集上,使散射能量按照双曲线规律分布。然后通过克希霍夫动校正和适用在共散射点道集上的叠加来完成偏移成像。基于等效偏移距叠前地震偏移(EOM)的基本理论,对CSP道集的抽取过程进行模拟实现,并对模型进行速度分析,实现偏移成像。