Fractionation,distribution and transport of mercury in rivers and tributaries around Wanshan Hg mining district,Guizhou Province,Southwestern China: Part 2 – Methylmercury

Water samples were collected during normal flow (2007) and during a drought period (2008) from five rivers and tributaries draining the Wanshan Hg mining district, Guizhou, China. Unfiltered methylmercury (MeHg) as well as particulate and dissolved fractions of MeHg (P-MeHg, D-MeHg) were measured to assess the spatial and temporal variation of MeHg contamination in the local river system. Most locations (about 80%) displayed higher MeHg concentrations during drought period than during normal discharge conditions. Concentrations of MeHg during the drought period ranged from <0.035 to 11 ng L⁻¹ (geometric mean: 0.43), while during normal flow the concentrations ranged from <0.035 to only 3.4 ng L⁻¹ (geometric mean: 0.21). Concentrations of MeHg were positively correlated with total Hg (THg) concentrations (R² = 0.20–0.58, P < 0.001) and inversely related to distance from the calcines, during both sampling periods (R² = 0.34 and 0.23, P < 0.001, for low and normal flow, respectively) indicating that calcines may be important sources of MeHg to the downstream environment. Approximately 39% of MeHg was bound to particulates and the rest was transported in the dissolved phase along stretches of the entire river, which was different from THg, as this was mainly transported bound to particulates (commonly more than 80%).     

基于条件价值法评估罗源湾海洋生物多样性维持服务价值

海洋生物多样性维持服务指海洋中不仅生活着丰富的生物种群,还为其提供了重要的产卵场、越冬场、索饵场、避难所、栖息地等场所.基于条件价值法,于2009年8月对福建罗源湾周边城镇居民进行问卷调查,掌握当地居民对保护罗源湾生物多样性的支付意愿,进而评估罗源湾生物多样性维持服务价值.结果显示,2009年罗源湾4种珍稀生物的支付意愿为618.8元/户.2004-2008年罗源湾生物多样性维持服务价值分别为747.17万元、1 912.52万元、2 565.08万元、3 821.92万元、5 272.00万元.分析表明:家庭年收入、对保护生物的了解程度和环保意识是影响生物多样性维持服务价值的主要因素.对于保护海洋生物多样性来说,经济发展政策和环保政策都是必要的,如何做好这2个政策的平衡是政府应该关注的.     

开疆文化在海南的地域扩散与整合

在界定海南文化是一种开疆文化的基础上 ,对其地域扩散与整合进行了研究。指出 ,开疆文化在海南岛的传播扩散有别于大陆文化传播中占主流的沿江河、沿平原扩散的模式 ,而呈现出以移民和传染方式为主 ,先西后东 ,先北后南按海拔从沿海向腹部五指山 ,从低到高渐次推延的文化传播特点。此外 ,海南文化的形成 ,实际上是各种形式的开疆文化在海南地域上的一种文化长期作用的结果。即是在黎族文化本底的基础上 ,经历史时期汉、苗、回等民族文化 ,以及近代华侨文化、农垦文化等多种文化长期影响 ,并经相互碰撞、彼此融合等错综复杂的相互作用后 ,在海南这一地域环境下整合生成的一种海岛文化。     

秦皇岛市韩庄锶－偏硅酸天然矿泉水

韩庄矿泉水井位于混合花岗岩二级台地上。矿泉水是降水经由混合花岗岩的风化裂隙和构造裂隙深循环而成。涌水量８１．７９ｍ￣３／ｄ。水中含锶１．１６ｍｇ／Ｌ偏硅酸４９．４ｍｇ／Ｌ。矿化度２９３．２ｍｇ／Ｌ，水化学类型为硫酸重碳酸氯化物－钙·钠型水。矿泉水井位于风景优美的秦皇岛市郊，无工业污染，并有广阔的销售前景，是有潜力的矿泉水生产基地。     

贵州岑巩区块下寒武统变马冲组黑色页岩沉积地球化学特征及其沉积环境意义

基于钻井岩心资料,对贵州岑巩区块下寒武统变马冲组黑色页岩取心段进行系统采样、主微量元素测试及沉积地球化学分析。研究结果表明：1）古盐度判别指标Sr/Ba及Rb/K分布显示,下寒武统变马冲组黑色页岩沉积时期属局限海背景下的半（微）咸水—淡水相沉积,变马冲组一段—三段古盐度垂向变化不大;Sr丰度与碳酸盐矿物含量之间具明显的响应关系;2）古氧相指标V/Cr、Ni/Co、U/Th比值及δU值分布表明变马冲组黑色页岩沉积为氧化为主、间或贫氧的环境,V/（V+Ni）比值判别偏于还原环境;3）古气候判别参数“C”、Sr/Cu及SiO₂/Al₂O₃比值表明该套页岩沉积期主体属温湿气候,利于有机质形成;4）古水深及离岸远近判别参数Rb/Zr、Sr/Ba比值分布显示水体较浅、离岸较近的沉积特征,结合物源及沉积构造背景指征参数分析,变马冲组黑色页岩属大陆边缘离岸较近、水体较浅的陆源碎屑沉积。此研究认识揭示了岑巩区块下寒武统沉积环境的演化,进而为该套黑色页岩的有机质富集机理及页岩气选区评价提供一定的地质依据。     

MicroStation J项目定制的研究

简略介绍了MicroStation J下的项目定制的机制、项目设置文件中主要字段的含义、项目的目录结构以及自定义用户的项目内容等。最后介绍了结合江苏省1：50000DLG生产而开发的项目定制实例。     

Evidence from olivine/melt element partitioning that nonbridging oxygen in silicate melts are not equivalent

Partitioning of Ca, Mn, Mg, and Fe²⁺ between olivine and melt has been used to examine the influence of energetically nonequivalent nonbridging oxygen in silicate melts. Partitioning experiments were conducted at ambient pressure in air and 1400°C with melts in equilibrium with forsterite-rich olivine (Fo >95 mol%). The main compositional variables of the melts were NBO/T and Na/(Na+Ca). In all melts, the main structural units were of Q⁴, Q³, and Q² type with nonbridging oxygen, therefore, in the Q³ and Q² units.For melts with high Q³/Q²-abundance ratio (corresponding to NBO/T near 1), increasing Na/(Na+Ca) [and Na/(Na+Ca+Mn+Mg+Fe²⁺)] results in a systematic decrease of the partition coefficients, K_Ca^ol/melt, K_Mn^ol/melt, K_Mg^ol/melt, and K_Fe2+^ol/melt, because of ordering of the network-modifying Ca, Mn, Mg, and Fe²⁺ among nonbridging oxygen in Q³ and Q² structural units. This decrease is more pronounced the smaller the ionic radius of the cation. With decreasing Q³/Q² abundance ratio (less-polymerized melts) this effect becomes less pronounced.Activity-composition relations among network-modifying cations in silicate melts are, therefore, governed by availability of energetically nonequivalent nonbridging oxygen in individual Qⁿ-species in the melt. As a result, any composition change that enhances abundance of highly depolymerized Qⁿ-species will cause partition coefficients to decrease.     

Modal wave number tomography and bottom parameter dependence

A shallow water tomography scheme based on the modal wave number inversion technique is considered in this paper. The scheme is based on the assumption that modal wave number for transpped mode can be measured in a suitable way. The tomographic inversion is accomplished into steps; firstly, the bottom parameter are inverted by using the bottom reflection phase shift with the known sound speed profile; secondly, the variation of sound speed profile at different time is inverted provided the bottom parameters are known. A numerical simulation shows that the proposed scheme works well, and the sensitivity analysis of sound speed profile inversion is performed, for shallow water environmental parameters: sound speed, density and attenuation coefficient of the bottom.     

生态交错带理论及其在海洋生态学中的应用

在介绍生态交错带理论的基础上,提出开展海洋生态交错带研究。海洋生态交错带定义为相邻海洋生态系统之间的过渡区。海洋生态交错带主要研究内容包括：①建立海洋生态交错带的划分标准;②生态交错带的三维结构;③生态交错带的生态功能;④海洋生态交错带对全球变化的敏感成分和响应机制;⑤海洋生态交错带的生物多样性维持机制;⑥海洋生态交错带与渔场形成的关系。讨论了海洋生态交错带与陆地生态交错带和海洋锋面的不同之处,指出海洋生态交错带研究极有希望成为海洋生态学新的生长点。     

系统分析在滑坡位移分析中的应用

将沓间序列分析理论和系统分析理论相结合。通过对影响滑坡位移各因素的系统建模，定量分析呼影响因素与滑坡位移的关系，为滑坡的合理整治提供依据。