地球物理反问题中的随机反演理论

本文从最大后验概率密度观点出发，在数据噪音向量和待求模型向量为具有零均值的独立高斯随机过程的假设前提下，建立起了随机反演的非线性系统方程；给出了模型方差估计的函数表达式，并在文章最后，证明了反演解的稀疏性，即解释了随机反演的输出解的高分辨率特征。文章在最小二乘反演方法的基础上，发展并完善了随机反演方法的理论基础；揭示了随机反演方法与最小二乘反演方法之间的本质区别；阐述了随机反演方法的优越性，并指出了其广阔的应用前景。     

相山铀矿田成矿作用的地球化学模拟

相山铀矿田是我国最大的火山岩型热液铀矿田，在地质地球化学和高温高压实研究的基础上，利用地球化学模式程序ＥＱ３／６模拟了成矿热水溶液的形成过程和减压排泄区铀成矿作用。计算机模拟结果表明，通过大气降水与碎斑熔岩相互作用，可以形成富含Ｆ和ＳｉＯ２等矿化剂的含铀热水溶液；由于铀以ＵＯ２Ｆ＾３和ＵＯ２（ＣＯ３（＾２－３等配合形式存在，非常稳定，即使在深部强还原环境中仍能能够迁移；酸性和碱性环境，尤其是强酸性     

西昆仑山南侧甜水海湖岩芯铁变化的环境记录

阐述了青藏高原西昆仑山南侧甜水海湖岩芯沉积物中氧化铁的丰度、频率分布和富集系数的变化规律。其丰度值范围FeO0．39％-3.95％，平均值为1．25％；Fe2O30．44％－8．09％，平均值为2．60％；Fe2O3／FeO0．21－3．60，平均比值1．12。说明该彻岩芯沉积物中铁平均丰度值较低，但其变化幅度较宽且清楚，在一定程度上反映了古气候环境具有较大幅度的波动。变异系数值表明，该湖岩芯沉积物中FeO的离散程度较Fe2O3大。大约距今23万年来氧化铁的沉积地球化学特征可划分出7个环境演化阶段，并基本上可与深海氧同位索阶段对比。揭示了甜水海湖演化与青藏高原强烈隆升引起的气候环境改变的密切关系。在距今23一15万年，沉积以河流相或冲积、洪积相为主，沉积环境以氧化环境为主导，气候以温干型波动；在距今15－7．4万年，沉积以湖相为主，沉积环境以还原环境为主导，气候以温湿型为主；在距今74万年以来，湖盆沉积环境多样化，沉积物以湖相和近源冲积、洪积相交替出现。气候出现冷湿、冷干、温湿和温干多种波动模式。这些资料分析初步认为甜水海古湖大约形成于距今15万年，即青藏高原第三成湖期，这也与青藏高原在距今15万年左右的再次构造隆升有关。     

Early Estimation of Strong Aftershock Duration Time

In order to solve the problem of early estimation of moderately strong aftershock duration time in an earthquake sequence,this study has been conducted.First,the definition of the strong aftershock has been given.It is pointed out that there is a difference in the strong aftershock duration time between the main shock type sequence and the strong earthquake swarm sequence.After dividing the three cases,i.e.,a strong aftershock duration time larger than 1 day,smaller than 1 day,and no strong aftershock occurred in a main shock type sequence by using the pattern recognition method,we gave the rough correlation relation between strong aftershock duration time and first large shock magnitude for two types of sequences.Finally,the judgment index and method of estimating strong aftershock duration times for different sequence types have been given.     

Jadeitic rocks within high pressure metamorphic zone from northeastern Jiangxi Province and their forming and surviving conditions

There is a close relation in time, space and origin between the NEJXO, NEJXDFZ and HPMZ from NEJXP which are located in and constrained by both Yangtze Craton and Cathaysia. These HPMRs principally include (i) Jd-Q-Ab schist, (ii) Lw-Jd-Ab schist, (iii) Jd-Ab schist, and (iv) Gl-schist. The Jd is nearly pure (Jd91-98). Jd surrounded by Ab is separated from Q and survived due to the reaction between Jd and Q, while Lw encircled by Ab remains as a pseudomorph composed of CZo+An. The minerals associated with Jd are Lw, Gl, Ab, Q, CZo, An, Pa, II, Ru, Sp, Ap, and Zr. According to the textures, the mineral paragenesis is classified into four groups (i) PI-Am-Q, (ii) Jd-I,w-GI-Q, (iii) CZo-An-Ab-Q, (iv) Ab-Ana-Ser-Ur, corresponding to (i) 1.0–0.93 Ga, 250°C, 2–3 × 10⁸ Pa; (ii) 0.93–0.79 Ga, 300–350°C, 5–12 × 10⁸ Pa; (iii) 0.79–0.223 Ga, 350–400–120°C, 12–5–3 × 10⁸ Pa; and (iv) < 0. 223 Ga, < 120–50°C, < 3 × 10⁸ Pa, in time, temperature and pressure respectively. A clockwiseP-T-t path is isothermal increasing inP (up to 45 km)—isothermal decreasing inP (up to 5 km)— nearly isobar decreasing in T. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

Geochronology, geochemistry and tectonic implications of Xiongshan diabasic dike swarm, northern Fujian

Sm/Nd isotopic age determination showed that Xiongshan dike swarm was at 585.7 Ma ± 30 Ma. The trace element geochemistry and Sr/Nd/Pb isotope gemhemistry studies indicate that the dike swarm was products of back-arc basin spreading ridge and the magma originated from the depleted mantle region which was metasomatized by LILE-rich liquids/melts derived from subduction slab. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

Interpretation of S-wave data from Tai’an-Xinzhou DSS profile and its relationship with Xingtai earthquakes

On the basis of S wave information from Tai’an-Xinzhou DSS profile and with reference to the results from P-wave interpretation, the 2-D structures, including S-wave velocity V _s, ratio γ between V _p and V _s; and Poisson’ s ratio σ, are calculated; the structural configuration of the profile is presented and the relevant inferences are drawn from the above results. Upwarping mantle districts (V _s≈4.30 km/s) and sloping mantle districts (V _s≈4.50 km/s) of the profile with velocity difference about −4% at the top of upper mantle are divided according to the differences of V _s, γ and σ in different media and structures, also with reference to the information of their neighbouring regions; the existence of Niujiaqiao-Dongwang high-angle ultra-crustal fault zone is reaffirmed; the properties of low and high velocity blocks (zones) including the crust-mantle transitionalzone and the boudary indicators of North China rift valley are discussed. A comprehensive study is conducted on the relation of the interpretation results with earthquakes. It is concluded that the mantle upwarps, thermal material upwells through the high-angle fault, the primary hypocenter was located at the crust-mantle juncture 30.0∼33.0 km deep, and additional stress excited the M _S=6.8 and M _S=7.2 earthquakes at specific locations around 9.0 km below Niujiaqiao-Dongwang, the earthquakes took place around the high-angle ultra-crustal fault and centered in the brittle media and rock strata with low γ and low σ values. This subject is part of the 85-907-02 key project during the “8th Five-Year Plan” from the State Science and Technology Commission.     

Numerical modeling of 3-D terrain effect on MT field

Using the boundary element method, the numerical modeling problem of three-dimensional terrain effect on magnetotelluric (MT) field is solved. This modeling technique can be run on PC in the case of adopting special net division. The result of modeling test for 2-D terrain by this modeling technique is basically coincident with that by 2-D modeling technique, but there is a great difference between the results of 3-D and 2-D modeling for 3-D terrain. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

Geochemical constraints on the petrogenesis of basalts from eastern Jiangnan orogen, South China

The basalts crop out widely in the eastern part of late Proterozoic Jiangnan orogen. In terms of their petrographical and geochemical characteristics, they can be divided into two distinct types: low- and high-Ti. basalts. They crystallized from the magmas derived from the depleted upper mantle differing in partial melting degree. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

强余震持续时间的早期估计

本研究旨在解决地震序列中强余震持续时间的早期估计问题。文中首先给出了强余震的震级定义，指出：主震型与强震群型序列的强作震持续时间存在差异。使用模式识别方法对主震型序列中强余震持续时间大于１天，小于１天及无强余震等３种情况进行划分之后，给出了两类序列的强余震持续时间与序列和第一震震级的粗略相关关系。