内外一体化数字地形图测绘质量控制对策研究

介绍内外业一体化数字化测图的质量控制准则 ,给出了数字地形图精度评定的方法。根据实践经验 ,对数字测图成果质量控制提出了具体的技术措施     

基于小波多分辨率分析方法的海冰遥感影像数据融合

采用小波多分辨率分析方法，对辽东湾2000－01－18的海冰遥感数据（NOAA／ARHRR和Radarsat/ScanSAR)进行了融合分析，并从几方面对结果作了深入的分析和对比。文中首次采用了小波分析中的多层次分解和重构技术用于数据融合分析。     

陀螺经纬仪跟踪式观测逆转点数据的平差模型

针对跟踪式定向观测中的逆转点数据 ,采用Schuler Wolf模型替代传统的等权处理 ,并对该模型进行了改造 ,包括初始信号作为参数求解、关联系数 ρ进行迭代估计等 ;用多项式衰减替代理想情况下的指数衰减 ,作为平差处理的函数模型。实测数据解算结果表明 ,由此组成的逆转点平差模型具有解算精度高、残差为白噪声信号、参数求解比较稳定等优点。     

高耸钢筋砼结构日照变形监测与初步分析

本文叙述了高耸钢筋砼结构日照变形的监测方法与监测过程，初步总结出了日照变形的基本规律。     

用ESDA技术从GIS数据库中发现知识

从GIS数据库中可发现许多知识，这在GIS界已引起了相当的重视。ESDSA技术注重研究数据的空间依赖与空间异质性，在知识发现中用于选取感兴趣的数据子集，并可初步发现隐含在数据中的某些特征和规律。一些标准全程和局部空间统计包括MoranI,GearyG,G统计以及LISA等是ESDA技术的基本核心内容之一。在目前专家系统尚不成熟的条件下，充分利用GIS的可视化和空间分析技术是实现ESDA技术与GIS紧密完全结合的关系。实例说明在ESDA技术结合其它相关领域的知识从GIS数据库中发现知识的方法是可行的。     

空间数据库引擎(SDE)在地图资源数据库管理中的应用

随着地图资源数据在各个领域深入广泛的应用,作为应用基础和前提的地图资源数据的管理显得尤其重要。本文介绍了利用ESRI公司的空间数据库引擎(SDE),实现地图资源数据库管理的方法。该方法改变了传统的文件管理方式,不仅提高了地图数据资源的安全性,而且能使地图数据便于管理和使用,同时实现了局域网内地图资源的共享。     

解析法地籍勘丈若干技术的探讨

分析了解析法地籍勘丈的特点 ,针对这些特点就其作业中的控制测量方案、作业单元选择、数据采集技巧及质量控制方法等技术问题进行了讨论 ,结合实践列举了若干例子。     

利用BP神经网络进行水库滑坡变形预测

滑坡变形监测与预测是滑坡预警预报中一种非常重要的途径。文章首先简单介绍了神经网络的基本原理和学习算法,然后利用某水库滑坡24期的GPS地表位移监测数据及其诱发因素即水库水位、降雨等资料,采用BP神经网络模型对该水库滑坡变形进行建模,最后将6期水库水位、降雨等资料输入模型进行滑坡变形预测,结果表明预测结果与实测数据符合性好,总体上能较好反映变形趋势。     

Three-dimensional analysis of ozone and PM<Subscript>2.5</Subscript> distributions obtained by observations of tethered balloon and unmanned aerial vehicle in Shanghai,China

A lightweight unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and a tethered balloon platform were jointly used to investigate three-dimensional distributions of ozone and PM_2.5 concentrations within the lower troposphere (1000 m) at a localized coastal area in Shanghai, China. Eight tethered balloon soundings and three UAV flights were conducted on May 25, 2016. Generalized additive models (GAMs) were used to quantitatively describe the relationships between air pollutants and other obtained parameters. Field observations showed that large variations were captured both in the vertical and horizontal distributions of ozone and PM_2.5 concentrations. Significant stratified layers of ozone and PM_2.5 concentrations as well as wind directions were observed throughout the day. Estimated bulk Richardson numbers indicate that the vertical mixing of air masses within the lower troposphere were heavily suppressed throughout the day, leading to much higher concentrations of ozone and PM_2.5 in the planetary boundary layer (PBL). The NO and NO₂ concentrations in the experimental field were much lower than that in the urban area of Shanghai and demonstrated totally different vertical distribution patterns from that of ozone and PM_2.5. This indicates that aged air masses of different sources were transported to the experimental field at different heights. Results derived from the GAMs showed that the aggregate impact of the selected variables for the vertical variations can explain 94.3% of the variance in ozone and 94.5% in PM_2.5. Air temperature, relative humidity and atmospheric pressure had the strongest effects on the variations of ozone and PM_2.5. As for the horizontal variations, the GAMs can explain 56.3% of the variance in ozone and 57.6% in PM_2.5. The strongest effect on ozone was related to air temperature, while PM_2.5 was related to relative humidity. The output of GAMs also implied that fine aerosol particles were in the stage of growth in the experimental field, which is different from ozone (aged air parcels of ozone). Geographical parameters influenced the horizontal variations of ozone and PM_2.5 concentrations by changing underlying surface types. The differences of thermodynamic properties between land and sea resulted in quick changes of PBL height, air temperature and dew point over the coastal area, which was linked to the extent of vertical mixing at different locations. The results of GAMs can be used to analyze the sources and formation mechanisms of ozone and PM_2.5 pollutions at a localized area.     

郑州地区仰韶文化居民的开颅术研究

开颅术是已知最古老的外科手术之一。国内出土的开颅术穿孔颅骨多集中在黄河上游以及新疆地区,而郑州地区却较少发现,研究相对薄弱。本研究对开颅术穿孔与其他颅骨穿孔进行了区分,并对愈合情况做了分类。通过研究郑州地区仰韶文化晚期的巩义双槐树遗址、汪沟遗址与尚岗杨遗址出土的540例个体,发现了5例符合定义标准的开颅术颅骨,其中2例开颅术颅骨存在愈合迹象。为了对比分析郑州地区的开颅术,梳理了中国集中出土的开颅术材料,总结出黄河上游以及新疆地区、黄河中下游地区、东北地区、黄河以南地区4个区域开颅术颅骨的特点,并讨论了郑州地区仰韶文化开颅术穿孔的形态特征,分析了该地区的开颅方法以及开颅目的。从结果来看,郑州地区仰韶文化晚期居民已经掌握了开颅技术,该地区开颅术穿孔具有其独特的复杂性以及地域性特点,表现为：穿孔较小、形状规则、穿孔方法较少、分布位置多样但具有特殊性、愈合情况不佳、穿孔目的复杂。