Temporal and Spatial Variations in the Climate Controls of Vegetation Dynamics on the Tibetan Plateau during 1982–2011

The ecosystem of the Tibetan Plateau is highly susceptible to climate change. Currently, there is little discussion on the temporal changes in the link between climatic factors and vegetation dynamics in this region under the changing climate.By employing Normalized Difference Vegetation Index data, the Climatic Research Unit temperature and precipitation data,and the in-situ meteorological observations, we report the temporal and spatial variations in the relationships between the vegetation dynamics and climatic factors on the Plateau over the past three decades. The results show that from the early 1980s to the mid-1990s, vegetation dynamics in the central and southeastern part of the Plateau appears to show a closer relationship with precipitation prior to the growing season than that of temperature. From the mid-1990s, the temperature rise seems to be the key climatic factor correlating vegetation growth in this region. The effects of increasing temperature on vegetation are spatially variable across the Plateau: it has negative impacts on vegetation activity in the southwestern and northeastern part of the Plateau, and positive impacts in the central and southeastern Plateau. In the context of global warming, the changing climate condition(increasing precipitation and significant rising temperature) might be the potential contributor to the shift in the climatic controls on vegetation dynamics in the central and southeastern Plateau.     

A Comparative Analysis of Primary and Extreme Characteristics of Dry or Wet Status between Asia and North America

In this study, the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) was used to analyze the average and extreme dry/wet states of Asia and North America from 1953 to 2003. The results indicate that the two continents underwent drying trends during this period. Compared with North America, Asia showed more severe drought trends. However, more significant and regular seasonal variation for drought was found in North America. The driest regions in Asia were located in the northern region of China, Mongolia, and eastern mid-Siberian plateau. Most regions in central North America were relatively wetter than other regions. The northern and southwestern regions of North America, as well as the Atlantic and Pacific coastal areas, experienced the most drought during this period. A sharp increase of the drought area and the number of extreme drought events took place from 1997 to 2003 in both Asia and North America. Severe drought events were more likely to occur during the summer on both continents. Asia had the most extreme drought events during July, but North America reached its highest drought frequency from June to September. In Asia, a persistent increasing trend of extreme drought emerged throughout the studied period. However, a more complex evolution of drought emerged in North America: a decreasing trend appeared before the mid-1960s and an increasing trend appeared after the late 1970s. A relatively steady dry/wet status was observed between the mid-1960s and the late 1970s. The role of exceptional, extreme drought events with respect to the La Nin?a event was considered during 1997–2003.     

基于ArcIMS与J2EE城市信息发布系统的设计与应用

介绍了基于ArcIMS和J2EE体系结构集成开发城市信息发布系统的总体框架设计、数据库设计和系统功能设计,并采用此设计方案实现了一个具体实例。     

优化课程体系培养测绘工程专业创新人才

在高等教育由精英教育逐渐转向大众化教育的新形势下,高校培养与社会和时代相适应的人才,就必须不断完善人才培养模式,优化课程体系。针对学院就测绘工程专业课程体系进行的改革与优化作初步的探讨,对培养测绘工程专业创新人才有一定的参考意义。     

几种对流层延迟改正模型的分析与比较

在高精度GPS变形监测数据处理中,GPS信号在对流层传播中的延迟是影响其精度的主要误差源之一,需设法对其进行改正。最常用的方法是使用模型改正,利用Visual C++语言,实现三种对流层改正模型,即:Simplified Hopfield模型,Saastamoinen模型,Modified Hopfield模型。通过实例对它们的改正效果进行定量分析与比较,得出一些有益的结论。     

现代测量数据显示交互技术研究

介绍完成图像数据输出的有关算法,并主要讨论了交互技术的理论和方法,为最终实现测量数据可视化提供了技术基础。     

粗精匹配结合的矢量道路辅助惯性导航算法

针对无源环境下无法采用卫星导航定位方式对惯性导航系统的累积误差进行修正的问题,提出一种采用高精度的矢量道路数据进行粗精匹配的导航校正算法。该方法首先通过分析惯导轨迹的特征标示点以及外接矩形,剔除明显的误匹配道路和冗余道路,获取待匹配道路集合;进而,结合ICCP算法具有匹配精度较高,匹配结果较稳定的优点,完成惯导轨迹位置误差的补偿和校正;最后,根据匹配方差和历史匹配轨迹对匹配结果的准确性进行分析和判断。仿真实验结果表明,该算法能够提高惯性导航定位误差的校正精度,减少在复杂道路交叉口等情况的误匹配。     

基于ArcGIS的房地产价格空间分布研究

首先以深圳市福田区部分普通住宅的房地产价格为数据基础,利用空间分布分析中的最近邻距离分析法确定了各住宅的空间分布情况,即呈簇状分布状态;然后,运用空间自相关理论和方法,选用Moran,指数对研究区域的房价自相关关系进行测度和实证分析,从而得到深圳市景田区部分住宅房地产价格的空间自相关性情况;最后,利用ArcGIS中的地统计分析工具对整个区域的房地产价格进行了拟合,得到研究区域房价的空间分布情况。     

基于成本最优路径的划界线与实际地形自动匹配

针对当前划界工作中主要采用手工操作实现划界线与实际地形匹配的现状,提出了基于成本最优路径分析实现自动匹配的基本原理,研究了自动匹配的关键技术。首先,基于悬挂特征栅格的反向追踪构造地形特征网络,并借助划界法理对其进行特殊处理。其次,构建成本图层,应用成本最优路径分析实现了划界线与实际地形的自动匹配。最后,通过实验对匹配结果的可靠性进行评价,验证了本文自动匹配方法的有效性和可靠性,并对划界工作提出了若干建议。     

线/面Voronoi图的分解合并生成算法

Voronoi图生成算法受到计算效率或生长源类型的限制,难以支撑线/面生长源Voronoi图的构建。本文提出一种生成线/面生长源Voronoi图的分解合并算法,其主要过程是将线/面生长源离散为特征点表达,通过特征点交叉建立最近特征点对,并以最近特征点对Voronoi子区域的交来部分地代替线/面生长源的等距离边界,算法以前后迭代离散计算的Voronoi子区域面积差分作为条件,可有选择地将部分生长源置入迭代过程,使线/面生长源Voronoi子区域逐步调整并达到精度要求。