江河入海流量在线监测不确定度评估方法研究与应用

鉴于国内目前缺少流量在线监测不确定性评估方面的研究,针对江河入海流量在线监测过程中可能产生的各种不确定性,本文采用不确定度概念对不确定性进行评估,给出了不确定度的主要来源、各来源不确定度的评估方法,以及江河入海流量在线监测总不确定度评估模型,并应用该模型对辽河入海流量在线监测的不确定度进行了评估。     

北极航道对世界贸易格局的影响路径和机理

为深化对北极航道重要性的认知,促进我国对北极航道的开发利用,文章在概述世界贸易格局的发展阶段及其主要影响因素的基础上,分析北极航道对世界贸易格局的影响路径和机理。研究结果表明:"二战"结束后,世界贸易格局经历美国单极,美国、欧洲和日本三足鼎立以及区域多极化3个发展阶段;世界贸易格局的主要影响因素包括贸易通道、技术革命、产业转移和国家政策;北极航道通过缩短海运距离和产生新的海运航线2条路径,在增加贸易流量的同时改变贸易流向,从而影响世界贸易格局;其中,缩短海运距离的影响机理包括提高贸易频率、降低贸易成本和改善贸易环境,产生新的海运航线的影响机理包括促进相关产业结构调整、改变世界海运格局和增加新的能源供给。     

半潜式浮式风机支撑平台首摇运动特性分析

借助FAST软件对OC4半潜式浮式风机平台进行数值计算,分析了影响海上浮式风机平台首摇运动的一系列重要因素及其变化规律(如风向变化、浪向变化、陀螺力矩等)。研究了平台首摇运动所诱导的风机系统动力响应,发现浮式风机首摇运动不仅会加剧平台耦合运动响应,而且还会影响风机的气动性能和加剧锚泊张力波动。提出并探讨了几种减小海上浮式风机支撑平台首摇运动的方法。     

加味栝楼薤白汤治疗痰瘀互结型慢性稳定型心绞痛30例

目的：观察加味栝楼薤白汤治疗痰瘀互结型慢性稳定型心绞痛的临床疗效。方法：将60例痰瘀互结型慢性稳定型心绞痛患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组各30例。2组均予以口服阿司匹林肠溶片治疗,治疗组在此基础上加服加味栝楼薤白汤治疗,对照组在此基础上加服脑心清片治疗。比较2组患者中医证候积分、西雅图心绞痛量表积分、中医证候疗效与心绞痛疗效。结果：中医证候疗效、心绞痛疗效的总有效率治疗组分别90.0%、86.7%,对照组分别为73.3%、66.7%,2组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;2组患者中医证候积分、西雅图心绞痛量表积分治疗前后组内比较及治疗后组间比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：选用加味栝楼薤白汤治疗痰瘀互结型慢性稳定型心绞痛可有效缓解患者胸闷、胸痛、心悸、气短等症状,提高中医证候疗效和心绞痛疗效,并可有效改善躯体受限活动的程度,值得临床推广。     

敛痔散医院制剂质量标准初步研究

目的：研究敛痔散医院制剂质量的初步标准。方法：薄层色谱法定性鉴别敛痔散中的血竭,HPLC法定性鉴别敛痔散中的黄芩;HPLC法和酸碱滴定法分别定量测定敛痔散中盐酸小檗碱和氧化锌。结果：血竭和黄芩均可检出;盐酸小檗碱在0.0239～2.49μg范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率为93.23%,RSD%为7.2%;氧化锌在取样0.02525～0.25204g范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率为101.36%,RSD%为1.0%。结论：本研究为建立规范的质量标准奠定了坚实基础。     

健脾解毒活血汤对幽门螺杆菌相关性胃炎脾胃湿热证模型小鼠IL-1β、GAS的影响

目的：观察健脾解毒活血汤对幽门螺旋杆菌相关性胃炎（HAG）脾胃湿热证模型小鼠血清白介素-1β（IL-1β）、胃泌素（GAS）及胃内组织Hp感染数的影响,为研制新型抗Hp感染的中药提供实验依据。方法：选取40只SPF级昆明小鼠为实验对象,将其随机分为空白组、模型组、西药组和中药组,每组各10只。采用Hp菌液灌胃以建立HAG脾胃湿热证小鼠模型,西药组予以奥美拉唑钠肠溶胶囊灌胃,中药组予以健脾解毒活血汤灌胃,均连续给药14d。观察比较各组小鼠血清IL-1β、GAS与胃内组织Hp感染情况。结果：模型组小鼠血清IL-1β、GAS的含量较空白组明显升高（P<0.01,P<0.05）;与模型组比较,中药组和西药组血清IL-1β显著降低（P<0.05,P<0.01）,GAS水平2组无明显差异。模型组小鼠胃组织Hp感染数较空白组明显增加（P<0.01）,中药组和西药组胃组织Hp感染数较模型组显著降低（P<0.05）。结论：健脾解毒活血汤对HAG脾胃湿热证模型小鼠血清IL-1β及Hp感染数有明显改善作用,但对GAS影响不大,在一定程度上可有效治疗脾胃湿热型HAG。     

巴戟天提取物对去卵巢大鼠骨质疏松症的防治作用

目的：探讨巴戟天提取物对实验性骨质疏松症大鼠的影响。方法：健康雄性SD大鼠60只,随机分为假手术组、模型对照组、阳性对照组及巴戟天提取物高、中、低剂量组,每组各10只。对除假手术组外的其余组大鼠通过手术摘除大鼠双侧卵巢建立骨质疏松症模型,造模后分别给予阳性药物碳酸钙D3颗粒0.5mg/kg,巴戟天提取物高、中、低剂量（0.36g/kg、0.18g/kg、0.09g/kg）干预,假手术组与模型对照组给予等体积蒸馏水,每天1次,共90d,剥离右侧股骨测量股骨中心骨密度与远心端骨密度;称量股骨重量,采用原子吸收分光光度法测定骨钙含量。结果：与假手术组比较,模型对照组大鼠骨密度、骨钙含量、血清雌二醇含量均显著降低,血清碱性磷酸酶含量显著升高,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.01）;与模型对照组比较,巴戟天高剂量组大鼠骨密度及高、中剂量组大鼠骨钙含量、血清雌二醇含量均显著升高,碱性磷酸酶含量显著降低,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）。结论：巴戟天提取物能够有效阻止骨丢失,促进钙沉积,从而改善骨质疏松症,其作用机制可能与调节雌性激素水平有关。     

Opportunistic-tended life history traits of Siniperca kneri in the Three Gorges Reservoir,China: potential responses to impoundment

Reservoir impoundment changes original fluvial habitats into lentic environments. Fish species adapted to lentic habitats may take the advantage of such habitat changes and show typical life history traits might facilitate the population increase. Siniperca kneri rarely occurred in fishery landing in the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) area before its impoundment in 2003, but it is now a dominant species. In this study, a total of 438 females of S . kneri were collected monthly during September 2012 through January 2014 using gill nets in the TGR. The age, growth, and reproductive biology were then investigated, and compared with other S . kneri populations. The standard length at age 1 was 149.9 mm in the TGR, which is larger than the three compared populations (i.e., Sandaohe Reservoir, Xinfengjiang Reservoir, and North River), but smaller than one (the Guishi Reservoir). The youngest mature female in the TGR was age 1, which is younger than that of the two compared populations (i.e., Xinfengjiang Reservoir and the North River). The relative fecundity in the TGR was 140 eggs/g, which is higher than that of the only available compared population (Xinfengjiang Reservoir, 96 eggs/g). Our results demonstrated that S . kneri in the TGR tended to have faster growth in the first year, a younger age at first maturation, and higher reproductive eff ort. We suggest that such opportunistic-tended life history traits might facilitate rapid increase of the population.     

Photosynthetic response of floating Ulva prolifera to diurnal changes of in-situ environments on the sea surface

During yellow sea green tide outbreak, the thalli of Ulva prolifera drifted more than 350 km on the sea surface from off shore of Jiangsu Province to Qingdao city, where they were exposed to complex changes of local environments. The purpose of this study is to investigate the response of the thalli to diurnal changes of environments on the sea surface, and a sea surface environment simulator (SSES) was designed to simulate the natural environment of floating U . prolifera mat. A control experiment is designed in the laboratory, which was processed under suitable conditions (20°C for temperature, 72 μmol photons/(m 2 ·s) for light intensity and 30 for salinity), and an in-situ research was conducted to study the photosynthetic responses of floating U . prolifera to diurnal changes of environments. The results show that the photosynthetic efficiency of the thalli decreased gradually with time, and decreased rapidly after 14:00 local time (LT). After exposed to the environment on the sea surface for 6 h, the photosynthetic activity of the thalli decreased significantly. Furthermore, physiological-level and molecular-level experiments revealed that non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), cyclic electron flow (CEF) and energy redistribution between PSI and PSII all played an important role in the strong photosynthetic plasticity of U . prolifera . NPQ is the most important photoprotective responses to environmental changes before 12:00 LT. The results also confirmed that the CEF and energy redistribution between PSI and PSII are the main synergistic eff ects for the thalli to adapt to the environmental changes when the process NPQ cannot work. And the result can further reveal the reason why U . prolifera can adapt to the living condition of long distance drift on the sea surface. The findings of this research could provide a theoretical basis for explaining outbreaks of the green tide and instructing the management of the problem.     

DEM地表坡向变率的向量几何计算法

作为计算坡向变率的数据基础,坡向矩阵具有方向性,以标量的方式计算带有方向属性的数据,将带来计算方式的误区及计算结果的偏差。本文以数学高斯曲面和不同黄土地貌样区5 m分辨率DEM数据为基础,针对坡向数据具有方向性的特点,设计基于数学向量的坡向变率计算方法。首先针对坡向数据进行极坐标转换,形成坡向矩阵的向量几何表达;然后以该坡向向量数据为基础来计算坡向变率;最后将本文方法的计算结果与传统标量方法的计算结果展开对比分析。试验结果显示,本文方法的坡向变率计算有效地避免了正北方向产生的极大偏差以及坡向差超过180°时的不准确现象,同时其他大部分区域也得出更为合理准确的坡向变率计算结果。在不同分辨率DEM下,本文方法能得到较为稳定的结果。本文所提出的基于向量几何的坡向变率计算方法可为精准数字地形分析提供参考,也是借鉴数学向量几何的方法解决数字地形分析问题的重要实践。