反射波法在基桩完整性检测中的应用

桩基础在工程建设中应用广泛,对其进行质量检测十分重要。介绍一种快速,有效的桩基检测方法－反射波法,从检测原理到结合工程实例,阐述其在桩身结构完整性检测中的应用。     

高稳定度频率计的设计

介绍了一种高稳定度频率计。该频率计采用彩电副载频作为内时基并引进了单片微机系统，因此有很高的频率稳定度及准确度，各种辅助功能强。体积小，耗电省，尤其适用于野外条件下的频率测量和校准。     

鄂尔多斯盆地庆城地区延长组7段致密油特征及油源分析

鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组7段(长7段）半深湖—深湖相优质油源岩是油气的重要来源,包括黑色页岩和暗色泥岩,作为盆地重要的供烃源岩一直是研究的热点。为了明确不同烃源岩的贡献及油气来源,通过对庆城地区长7段致密油特征进行分析,对原油进行精细划分,并对源岩有效性进行分析,进一步明确油源对应关系,研究表明,庆城地区长7段黑色页岩和暗色泥岩均对油气成藏有贡献,其中黑色页岩贡献最大,长73段暗色泥岩次之,长72和长71段暗色泥岩贡献较小;原油为低密度、中—低黏度和低凝固点的轻质油。根据生标物特征将原油划分为3类,A类原油具有低C30重排藿烷/C29藿烷、低C29Ts/C29藿烷、低Ts/Tm的特征,由黑色页岩贡献,主要分布于长71段;C类原油具有高C30重排藿烷/C29藿烷、高C29Ts/C29藿烷、高Ts/Tm的特征,主要由暗色泥岩贡献,数量较少且分布局限;B类油各项生标物参数均居中,为A、C类原油的混合,主要分布于长72段。由于黑色页岩生烃时间比暗色泥岩早,且原油黏度和密度更低,因此黑色页岩先生成低黏度A类原油易于向长72和长71段运移,而暗色泥岩后生成的C类原油主要近源富集与A类油混合分布于长72段,从而形成的A类油主要分布于长71段,B类油主要分布于长72段,而C类油分布局限的格局。这对下一步勘探开发及资源评价有重要意义。     

兰州市大气降尘磁学特征及其环境意义

对兰州市大气降尘进行系统的环境磁学测量及分析.结果表明,兰州市大气降尘中磁性矿物总体含量较高,以假单畴磁铁矿为主,并伴有少量的磁赤铁矿、纤铁矿及赤铁矿,而且它们主要是来自人类活动产生的污染.过去研究表明,磁性矿物含量年内变化特征显著,冬季污染值高是由于供暖所致,但3月份虽然处于供暖期,它的污染值却明显低于其它供暖期,我们认为主要是兰州市特有的逆温现象:3月份贴地逆温强度低,利于污染物扩散所导致.4、5月份污染值全年最低,除了逆温层的作用以外,还与该月份频发的沙尘暴带来的低XIf值的稀释作用有关.近年来,随着污染防治工作的开展,兰州市大气污染状况有了较大改善,2010年xIf值比2007年降低了38％,证明环境磁学方法可以有效地监测城市污染.     

低空冷式切变线引发区域性大暴雨成因分析

应用常规资料、自动站雨量资料、卫星云图及雷达资料,对2009年5月9-10日发生在鲁西北和鲁中北部的一次区域性大暴雨进行分析。分析发现,低层冷式切变线是引发大暴雨的主要系统,暴雨主要产生在低空冷式切变线右侧、西南低涡的东北象限以及低空急流的左前方,也是高低空急流耦合区。副高西侧的西南急流建立起从南海到华北中部的水汽通道,为大暴雨的发生发展提供暖湿空气和能量,使得低涡辐合加强,是低层切变线长时间停滞的必要条件。地面锋面气旋则是暴雨开始的启动机制,锋后东北冷空气与西南暖湿空气在山东上空交汇,促使对流发展和不稳定能量释放产生暴雨。在低层辐合、高层弱辐散的情况下,暴雨区低涡的涡动作用使得水汽块运动加强。多个对流单体合并形成的中尺度对流系统(MCS)经过大暴雨区,雷达回波表现为层状云为主的混合回波带,说明对流并不旺盛。     

CCD传感器在位移测量中的应用

介绍了采用ＣＣＤ作为传感器,研制用于大坝监测的引张线观测仪和倒垂线观测仪的设计方法。仪器测量范围为几厘米,精度优于０．１ｍｍ,具有结构简单,数字化,自动测量及远距离数据传输等优点。     

Spatial–temporal changes in potential evaporation patterns based on the Cloud model and their possible causes

It is of importance to comprehensively investigate the spatial–temporal changes in potential evaporation patterns, which helps guide the long-term water resource allocation and irrigation managements. In this study, the Cloud model was adopted to quantify the average, uniformity, and stability of the annual potential evaporation in the Wei River Basin (WRB), a typical arid and semi-arid region in China, with the purpose of objectively and comprehensively characterizing its changing patterns. The cross wavelet analysis was then applied to explore the correlations between annual potential evaporation and Arctic Oscillation (AO)/El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) with an aim to determine the possible causes of annual potential evaporation variations. Results indicated that: (1) the average of annual potential evaporation in the WRB first declined and then increased, and its stability also showed the same change characteristics, whilst its dispersion degree exhibited a decreasing trend, implying that potential evaporation has a smaller inter-annual variation; (2) the average of annual potential evaporation in the western basin was obviously smaller than that in the other areas, while its uniformity and stability in the Guanzhong plain and the Loess Plateau areas are larger than those in other areas, especially in the western basin where the uniformity and stability are the smallest; (3) both AO and ENSO exhibited strong correlations with annual potential evaporation variations, indicating that both AO and ENSO have played an important role in the annual potential evaporation variations in the WRB.     

Possible NPP changes and risky ecosystem region identification in China during the 21st century based on BCC-CSM2

Journal of Geographical Sciences - Based on simulations by the Beijing Climate Center climate system model version 2 (BCC-CSM2), the possible changes in net primary productivity (NPP) of the...     

Improving the SWAT forest module for enhancing water resource projections: A case study in the St. Croix River basin

Insufficiently calibrated forest parameters of the Soil & Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) may introduce uncertainties to water resource projections in forested watersheds. In this study, we improved SWAT forest parameterization and phosphorus cycling representations to better simulate forest ecosystems in the St. Croix River basin, and we further examined how those improvements affected model projections of streamflow, sediment, and nitrogen export under future climate conditions. Simulations with improved forest parameters substantially reduced model estimates of water, sediment, and nitrogen fluxes relative to those based on default parameters. Differences between improved and default projections can be attributed to the enhanced representation of forest water consumption, nutrient uptake, and protection of soil from erosion. Better representation of forest ecosystems in SWAT contributes to constraining uncertainties in water resource projections. Results of this study highlight the importance of improving SWAT forest ecosystem representations in projecting delivery of water, sediment, and nutrients from land to rivers in response to climate change, particularly for watersheds with large areas of forests. Improved forest parameters and the phosphorus weathering algorithms developed in this study are expected to help enhance future applications of SWAT to investigate hydrological and biogeochemical consequences of climate change.     

四川东部和重庆西部一次ＭＣＣ致洪暴雨过程综合分析

吕梁山区出现局地大暴雨为小概率事件,在县局的订正预报中有很大的难度。2010年8月11日位于吕梁市东北端的岚县出现了106．2mm的大暴雨,而吕梁的其它县、市只出现中雨以下量级降水。本文分析了造成本次强降雨的高低空环流形势、主要影响系统、水汽条件、云图与雷达回波资料以及本县特殊的地形特征等结果表明：本次局地大暴雨天气是由高空短波槽、中层切变线、副热带高压边缘西南暖湿气流共同作用产生的;对流层低层强盛的偏南气流为大暴雨提供了源源不断的水汽;地面弱低压加强了辐合上升运动,特殊地形的抬升与阻挡作用,使强回波雨团长时间在迎风坡下的平坦地段停留,从而造成局地性的强降水。