SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIATIONS OF THE KINEMATIC CHARACTERISTICS IN THE PROPAGATION OF ATMOSPHERIC STATIONARY WAVES

Time-mean global general circulation data are employed to analyze the temporal and spatial variations ofthe meridional gradient of zonal mean potential vorticity,the critical wavenumber n_s for horizontal wave-propagation,and the critical wavenumber K_c for vertical wave-propagation.Thereby the kinematic charac-teristics in the propagation of atmospheric stationary waves and their annual variations are studied.Resultsshow that in the troposphere n_s and K_c usually decrease with the increase of either latitude or altitude.Synoptic and near-resonant Rossby waves could be trapped during their upward and meridional propagations.These characteristics possess prominent annual variations,especially in the Northern Hemisphere.It is foundthat the spatial and temporal variations of these kinematic characteristics are in good agreement with those ofthe atmospheric wave patterns.     

广东五华乌陂河流域崩岗发育规律及其治理——以迎龙山为例

崩岗侵蚀是华南花岗岩风化壳深厚地区特有的水土流失形式.这种水土流失不仅侵蚀规模大,发展速度快,危害十分严重,而且治理非常困难,被称为当今"生态环境溃疡".在总结前人研究成果的基础上,通过多次野外实地考察,在对五华县乌陂河流域迎龙山崩岗的发育规律进行分析后认为,迎龙山的崩岗多数为条形,鲜有瓢形和爪形,没有弧形和箕形等,但各坡向崩岗发育不均一,阳坡崩岗成对或成群发育且有一个超大型的崩岗群,而阴坡崩岗均单独发展.形成崩岗的主要机理包括径流冲刷、水蚀和重力侵蚀的相互效应以及岩石自身的风化膨胀等,最后提出了治理崩岗的工程措施和生物措施.     

Up-sliding Slantwise Vorticity Development and the complete vorticity equation with mass forcing

The moist potential vorticity (MPV) equation is derived from complete atmospheric equations including the effect of mass forcing, with which the theory of Up-sliding Slantwise Vorticity Development (USVD) is proposed based on the theory of Slantwise Vorticity Development (SVD). When an air parcel slides up along a slantwise isentropic surface, its vertical component of relative vorticity will develop, and the steeper the isentropic surface is, the more violent the development will be. From the definition of MPV and the MPV equation produced here in, a complete vorticity equation is then put forward with mass forcing, which explicitly includes the effects of both internal forcings, such as variations of stability, baroclinicity, and vertical shear of horizontal wind, and external forcings, such as diabatic heating, friction, and mass forcing.When isentropic surfaces are flat, the complete vorticity equation matches its traditional counterpart. The physical interpretations of some of the items which are included in the complete vorticity equation but not in the traditional one are studied with a simplified model of the ChangjiangoHuaihe Meiyu front. A 60-h simulation is then performed to reproduce a torrential rain event in the ChangjiangoHuaihe region and the output of the model is studied qualitatively based on the theory of USVD. The result shows that the conditions of the theory of USVD are easily satisfied immediately in front of mesoscale rainstorms in the downwind direction, that is, the theory of USVD is important to the development and movement of these kinds of systems.     

ANALYSES OF THE DYNAMIC EFFECTS ON WINTER CIRCULATION OF THE TWO MAIN MOUNTAINS IN THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE——Ⅰ.RELATIONSHIP AMONG GENERAL CIRCULATION,TELECONNECTION AND STATIONARY WAVES

The distribution of troughs and ridges of geopotential height,the teleconnection patterns and the propagation pat-terns of stationary waves are the main features of the January mean geopotential height field at 500hPa.Data analysesand numerical experiments indicate that these three characteristics are associated to one another and closely related tothe mechanical forcing of the Rocky Mountains and Tibetan Plateau.There exists a prominent negative correlation inthe intensity variation between the American trough and the Asian trough at high and middle latitudes.Such negativecorrelation,in connection with the interannual variation of the intensity of the jets in front of the two troughs,leads tothe existence of similar teleconnection patterns in North America and East Asia.On the other hand,the different propa-gation behaviour of quasi-stationary waves downstream of the two main mountains results in a fundamental differencein the distribution of correlation chains in North America and East Asia.     

Wave-mean flow interaction and its relationship with the atmospheric energy cycle with diabatic heating

In a linear system, the wave characteristics depend strongly on the distributions with height of wind ve-locity and static stability. The simplest case is for con-stant wind and static stability (e.g., isothermal atmos-phere with pressure and density exponentially de-creasing with height). In such circumstances there is no convergence or divergence in wave energy flux, therefore, no energy exchange between the wave and mean flow. In the atmosphere wind speed varies with increasing height, inte…     

江汉盆地当阳复向斜当深3井热史恢复及其油气勘探意义

江汉盆地当阳复向斜当深3井实测地温剖面和样品热导率测试结果表明:其现今地温梯度为20～24℃/km,热流值为56mW/m²,体现了盆地发育于扬子稳定陆块的大地构造属性。基于7个磷灰石裂变径迹样品和大量镜质体反射率古温标数据进行的热史恢复表明,盆地构造—热演化经历了前印支期的低热流(50～60mW/m²)和小剥蚀量(50～200m),印支期的高热流(约80mW/m²)及燕山期与喜马拉雅期的低热流(50～60mW/m²)与大剥蚀量(1100～2400m)的不同演化阶段,反映了盆地和区域构造演化过程的阶段性。受沉积剥蚀及盆地构造—热演化的控制,生油岩系的生烃阶段与过程具有多期次的特征。     

复合桩基与复合地基

鉴于目前复合桩基、复合地基概念上的混淆,从不同侧面,讲述了复合桩基和复合地基之间的联系和区别。为区分这两种新型的基础形式,进而更合理的利用它们,提供一些有益的参考。     

打造精品, 走向国际

<正>金秋送爽,中国气象学会迎来了90周年华诞。作为中国气象学会创办的中国第一本气象学术期刊,《气象学报》(始用名《中国气象学会会刊》)于1925年7月创刊,迄今也已走过89个年头。据记载(中国气象学会编辑委员会,1925),《气象学报》的发刊缘起为——"记载吾同会诸人气象学术之研究,气象事业之建议"、"公之同好,俾本刊之精神日渐发皇,同志之研究益增兴味,而此学之常识普及于国人"。多年来,秉持和发扬这一宗旨,《气象学报》刊载了一大批极具科学和文献价值的经典论著,在中外气象界和相关领域产生了重大影响。