分析海浪方向谱的EEV方法的一种迭代形式

将Pawka为改进最大似然方法（MLM）而提出的迭代方案应用于扩展本征关方法（EEV），作为EEV的一种迭代形式（IEEV）。用模拟数据检验了IEEV的合理性，并与EEV作了比较。计算结果表明，IEEV的估计性状较EEV有改善。最后将IEEV及EEV用于分析仪器阵列的外海观测数据。     

海参中微量元素的分析

本文用原子吸收分光光度法研究黑乳参(Holothuria nobilis Seleka)和刺参(StiChops japonicus Selenka)样品的消化方法,并测定样品中11种微量元素(K,Ca,Mg,Fc,Co,Ni,Mn,Cu,Cd,Pb,Zn)的含量。结果表明,这些海参样品,用干法或湿法消化均可得到满意结果。作者还将部分元素的分析结果与阳极溶出伏安法和交流示波极谱滴定法相对照,其结果一致。     

贻贝保健食品的研究

作者运用营养学中的互补及平衡原理,以贻贝为主要开发利用对象,研制出贻贝保健食品——东海三豪口服液等。工艺研究重点解决各海珍原料中活性物质的分离、营养物质利用度优化及产品基料的脱腥脱色技术等,效果理想。制成品分析表明,贻贝保健食品确属高营养、高生物活性(生物试验结果见另文)的双功能食品,并保持了鲜明的海洋食品特色。     

海洋中液-固界面作用的分形研究 Ⅱ.混合交换剂表面分维的加和性规律和非加和性规律研究

用SAXS方法验证了海洋化学液-固界面研究中一些混合交换剂体系的分维分别具有加和性和非加性规律。实验测得:针铁矿/蒙脱石、水锰矿/无定形氧化铁、δ-MnO_2/针铁矿、δ-MnO_2/无定形氧化铁等混合交换剂体系的表面分维对混合百分率具有线性加和性;而高岭石/无定形氧化铁、无定形氧化铁/蒙脱石、δ-MnO_2/蒙脱石、δ-MnO_2/氧化铁凝胶等混和交换剂具有非线性加和性。上述诸体系在海水介质中平衡一年后,SAXS测定的表面分维皆具有非线性加和性,或非线的程度有所增加。     

海藻硫酸多糖911抗乙脑病毒作用的观察

采用体外微量细胞病变抑制实验及体内半数致死量LD_(50)测定法,分别观察海藻硫酸多糖911对乙型脑炎病毒的作用。结果表明,海藻硫酸多糖911在体外适宜的浓度条件下,对乙型脑炎病毒有一定的抑制作用,但对病毒无中和作用。体内给药,911对乙型脑炎病毒无明显抑制作用。     

二阶非线性随机海浪波面高度和波面垂直速度的联合分布

基于Longuet－Higgins提出的非线性随机海浪模型，在二阶近似下通过直接计算联合分布的各阶矩，导出了非线性海浪波面高度和波面垂直速度的联合分布。该分布为非正态，其形式为截断的级数，而非由累积矩母函数方法可能得到的渐近无穷级数。由于非线性的影响，波面高度与波面垂直速度不再相互独立。     

扇贝糖胺聚糖提取和纯化方法研究──Ⅱ．纯化方法研究

研究一种糖胺聚精分离纯化方法。对用蛋白酶水解法从海湾扇贝中提取的扇贝糖胺聚精粗制品，采用吸附法、透析法、乙醇沉淀法和ＣＴＡＢ（十六烷基三甲溴化铵，Ｃｅｔｙｌｔｒｉｍｅｔｈｙｌａｍｍｏｎｉｕｍｂｒｏｍｉｄｅ）沉淀法分高纯化。结果表明，最终所得主要级分的琼脂糖凝胶电泳和高效液相色谱显示单一区带，指出这一纯化过程是简便、实用、有效的纯化方法。     

Drip irrigation enhances shallow groundwater contribution to crop water consumption in an arid area

Shallow groundwater plays a key role in agro‐hydrological processes of arid areas. Groundwater often supplies a necessary part of the water requirement of crops and surrounding native vegetation, such as groundwater‐dependent ecosystems. However, the impact of water‐saving irrigation on cropland water balance, such as the contribution of shallow groundwater to field evapotranspiration, requires further investigation. Increased understanding of quantitative evaluation of field‐scale water productivity under different irrigation methods aids policy and decision‐making. In this study, high‐resolution water table depth and soil water content in field maize were monitored under conditions of flood irrigation (FI) and drip irrigation (DI), respectively. Groundwater evapotranspiration (ET_g) was estimated by the combination of the water table fluctuation method and an empirical groundwater–soil–atmosphere continuum model. The results indicate that daily ET_g at different growth stages varies under the two irrigation methods. Between two consecutive irrigation events of the FI site, daily ET_g rate increases from zero to greater than that of the DI site. Maize under DI steadily consumes more groundwater than FI, accounting for 16.4% and 14.5% of ET_a, respectively. Overall, FI recharges groundwater, whereas DI extracts water from shallow groundwater. The yield under DI increases compared with that under FI, with less ET_a (526 mm) compared with FI (578 mm), and irrigation water productivity improves from 3.51 kg m^?3 (FI) to 4.58 kg m^?3 (DI) through reducing deep drainage and soil evaporation by DI. These results highlight the critical role of irrigation method and groundwater on crop water consumption and productivity. This study provides important information to aid the development of agricultural irrigation schemes in arid areas with shallow groundwater.     

Mining spatiotemporal association patterns from complex geographic phenomena

ABSTRACT

Spatiotemporal association pattern mining can discover interesting interdependent relationships among various types of geospatial data. However, existing mining methods for spatiotemporal association patterns usually model geographic phenomena as simple spatiotemporal point events. Therefore, they cannot be applied to complex geographic phenomena, which continuously change their properties, shapes or locations, such as storms and air pollution. The most salient feature of such complex geographic phenomena is the geographic dynamic. To fully reveal dynamic characteristics of complex geographic phenomena and discover their associated factors, this research proposes a novel complex event-based spatiotemporal association pattern mining framework. First, a complex geographic event was hierarchically modeled and represented by a new data structure named directed spatiotemporal routes. Then, sequence mining technique was applied to discover the spatiotemporal spread pattern of the complex geographic events. An adaptive spatiotemporal episode pattern mining algorithm was proposed to discover the candidate driving factors for the occurrence of complex geographic events. Finally, the proposed approach was evaluated by analyzing the air pollution in the region of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei. The experimental results showed that the proposed approach can well address the geographic dynamic of complex geographic phenomena, such as the spatial spreading pattern and spatiotemporal interaction with candidate driving factors.     

统一硬化模型与下加载面模型的理论关系

Hashiguchi下加载面本构模型是国际上具有较大影响力的超固结土本构模型之一。因此,选取该模型进行理论和构建方法分析,并与UH模型进行对比。对比结果表明,Hashiguchi下加载面模型通过定义单一的数学公式来拟合超固结土内变量的变化规律,从而得到了超固结土应力−应变关系的公式;而统一硬化（unified hardening,简称UH）模型掌握了超固结土体的强度特性,因而能够更准确、合理地描述超固结土的应力−应变关系。相较于Hashiguchi下加载面本构模型,UH模型在理论上更为先进。同时,两个模型的试验预测与试验数据的对比也验证了UH模型在数值计算上的正确性与优越性。