Geochemistry of a Rapakivi Granite Suite in a Proterozoic Rift Trough in Beijing and Its Vicinity

Controlled by E-W-trending faults, a Proterozoic (1.4-1.8 Ga old) rapakivi granite suite was intruded inBeijing and the area to its east (within Hebei Province), forming three parallel belts of igneous rocks. Theisotopic, trace element and rare earth element geochemical data of a bimodal rock association made up ofanorthosite, gabbro and alkali basalt and olivine-bearing quartz-syenite, rapakivi granite and trachyte as wellas potassic A-type granites and anorogenic granites—— all suggest that there exists an incipient rift in thestudy area. Fractional crystallization of a mixed magma formed by the magma derived from the upper mantleand the magma derived by small degrees of fusion of the lower crust produced anorthosite cumulates. Thewater-deficient granitic magma was differentiated into a subalkaline series. When the fractional crystallizationwas incomplete, rhythmic eruptions took place.     

滇东南构造岩浆带花岗岩体的含矿性探讨

滇东南构造岩浆带燕山期花岗岩构成了个旧及薄竹山—老君山两个同源岩浆演化系列,两系列平行演化并控制了锡多金属矿床的形成。本文从数理统计方面,对各岩体尤其是尚未发现的锡多金属矿床的岩体的含矿性进行评价,认为神仙水与白沙冲两岩体有希望找到具有工业价值的锡多金属矿床。     

黔西二叠纪玄武岩及岩浆来源初步分析

本文以织金熊家场剖面为例进行岩石学及岩浆来源分析研究。岩性和岩石化学特征表明,区内玄武岩为碱性—钙碱性拉斑玄武岩。同位素地球化学和稀土元素分布模式研究资料表明,本区玄武岩原始岩浆来源于地壳和地幔二元组分相混合的体系。通过锶同位素组成的计算,显示了原始岩浆中的幔源和壳源二元组分的混合比例为5.4:1。     

有限元法解局部重力场

根据物埋大地测量边值问题的平面近似表达式,我们推导出适用于有限元法解算局部重力场的公式,然后用三维等参单元解算了一个地形模型。该模型是由地面上100m×100m的格网组成的121个结点(格网当然也可以是任意不规则的四边形)。模型中只需有结点上的重力异常。计算结果的中误差:m_ξ=±0.130″,m_η=±0.144″,m_ξ=±10.249×10~(-4)m,在西门子7570-C占用CPU的时间为8.15秒。通过试验证明:有限元法不仅可以解算物理大地测量的边值问题而且比其它方法计算速度快,布点灵活。方法适用于100×100km~2的区域,但是它需要4个以上的空间扰动位或其派生量。     

我国首次发现的硫铋铅铁铜矿

本文研究的硫铋铅铁铜矿是1986年采自河北省青龙县三家金矿。利用反光显微镜、MPV-1型显微光度计、显微硬度计、JCXA—733型电子探针、X射线粉晶分析等手段对该矿物进行了研究。获得其平均化学成分为:S 20.92％,Bi 22.47％,Pb 23.40％,Fe 6.30％,Cu26.48％。硬度为191.5—217kg/mm~2及其他数据。将获得的各项参数与日本三原铜矿产出的硫铋铅铁铜矿进行了对比,确认其为硫铋铅铁铜矿。这在我国是首次发现和报道。     

中国东部三个中新生代含油(气)盆地和拗(凹)陷泥岩压实与流体运移模拟

根据自己研制的高压控温泥岩压实仪,对我国三水、泌阳和黄骅三个中新生代含油(气)盆地和拗(凹)陷进行了压实模拟,从而证实了我国东部三个中新生代盆地和拗(凹)陷存在四个压实阶段,证实了泥质沉积物和地温梯度是严重影响压实和流体运移的主要因素,同时还证实了三水盆地和泌阳凹陷存在着严重的剥蚀。     

北京昌平高崖口-南口隐伏岩溶水系统地质构造新认识

高崖口-南口岩溶水系统是北京七大岩溶水系统之一,其东北部位于昌平南口,是隐伏岩溶地下水排泄区。查明该区地质构造发育情况,可以为评价岩溶水资源及北京优选战略后备水源地提供依据。本文在分析前人区域性重磁资料基础上,完成了5条总长30 km、总测点数626个的可控源音频大地电磁测深(CSAMT)剖面,采用SCS2D程序对CSAMT数据进行了二维反演解释,并实施了4眼勘探孔。物探和钻探研究结果表明:南口-孙河断裂是该系统的北东边界,走向北西,倾向南西,在雪山村附近断层落差达1017.5 m,是目前发现的断距最大的地区;断裂上盘蓟县系碳酸盐岩与侏罗系火山岩的地层界线,向西移动了2.4 km;南口山前断裂是山区裸露岩溶与平原隐伏岩溶的分界断裂,断裂走向北东,倾向南东,断距大于700 m,断裂上盘曹庄至南口一带有燕山期二长岩侵入,流村-葛村一带有燕山期闪长岩侵入。广泛发育的断层、岩体和火山岩,使这一区域岩溶含水层空间受到较大制约。     

Numerical experiments on the impacts of surface evaporation and fractionation factors on stable isotopes in precipitation

The isotope enabled atmospheric water balance model is applied to examine the spatial and temporal variations of δ¹⁸O in precipitation, amount effect and meteoric water lines (MWL) under four scenarios with different fractionation nature and surface evaporation inputs. The experiments are conducted under the same weather forcing in the framework of the water balance and stable water isotope balance. Globally, the spatial patterns of mean δ¹⁸O and global MWLs simulated by four simulation tests are in reasonably good agreement with the Global Network of Isotopes in Precipitation observations. The results indicate that the assumptions of equilibrium fractionation for simulating spatial distribution in mean annual δ¹⁸O and the global MWL, and kinetic fractionation in simulating δ¹⁸O seasonality are acceptable. In Changsha, four simulation tests all reproduce the observed seasonal variations of δ¹⁸O in precipitation. Compared with equilibrium fractionation, the depleted degree of stable isotopes in precipitation is enhanced under kinetic fractionation, in company with a decrease of isotopic seasonality and inter-event variability. The alteration of stable isotopes in precipitation caused by the seasonal variation of stable isotopes in vapour evaporated from the surface is opposite between cold and warm seasons. Four simulations all produce the amount effect commonly observed in monsoon areas. Under kinetic fractionation, the slope of simulated amount effect is closer to the observed one than other scenarios. The MWL for warm and humid climate in monsoon areas are well simulated too. The slopes and intercepts of the simulated MWLs decrease under kinetic fractionation.