Partial melting of ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks at convergent continental margins: Evidences,melt compositions and physical effects

Ultrahigh-pressure(UHP) metamorphic rocks are distinctive products of crustal deep subduction,and are mainly exposed in continental subduction-collision terranes. UHP slices of continental crust are usually involved in multistage exhumation and partial melting, which has obvious influence on the rheological features of the rocks, and thus significantly affect the dynamic behavior of subducted slices. Moreover,partial melting of UHP rocks have significant influence on element mobility and related isotope behavior within continental subduction zones, which is in turn crucial to chemical differentiation of the continental crust and to crust-mantle interaction.Partial melting can occur before, during or after the peak metamorphism of UHP rocks. Post-peak decompression melting has been better constrained by remelting experiments; however, because of multiple stages of decompression, retrogression and deformation, evidence of former melts in UHP rocks is often erased. Field evidence is among the most reliable criteria to infer partial melting. Glass and nanogranitoid inclusions are generally considered conclusive petrographic evidence. The residual assemblages after melt extraction are also significant to indicate partial melting in some cases. Besides field and petrographic evidence, bulk-rock and zircon trace-element geochemical features are also effective tools for recognizing partial melting of UHP rocks. Phase equilibrium modeling is an important petrological tool that is becoming more and more popular in P-T estimation of the evolution of metamorphic rocks; by taking into account the activity model of silicate melt, it can predict when partial melting occurred if the P-T path of a given rock is provided.UHP silicate melt is commonly leucogranitic and peraluminous in composition with high SiO_2,low MgO, FeO, MnO, TiO_2 and CaO, and variable K_2 O and Na_2 O contents. Mineralogy of nanogranites found in UHP rocks mainly consists of plagioclase + K-feldspar + quartz, plagioclase being commonly albite-rich.Trace element pattern of the melt is characterized by significant enrichment of large ion lithophile elements(LILE), depletion of heavy rare earth elements(HREE) and high field strength elements(HFSE),indicating garnet and rutile stability in the residual assemblage. In eclogites, significant Mg-isotope fractionation occurs between garnet and phengite; therefore, Mg isotopes may become an effective indicator for partial melting of eclogites.     

图象编码的分形基方法

文章介绍了一种用于图象编码压缩的皮亚诺扫描分形基方法。该方法算法简明，实现容易，压缩比达到1/10以上，重构图象保持原图象特征，并具有好的视觉效果。该方法不仅适用于各类航片、遥感图象处理，对地学、生物、医学、军事公安业务以及通讯工程也均适用。     

省级GRAPES模式预报系统的构建

利用9210卫星广播的T213资料作为初始场,在联想深腾1800机群系统上构建了省级GRAPES中尺度数值预报系统,实现了GRAPES-MESO V2.5的高效运行,一方面可提供日常的业务预报产品,另一方面也可为广大预报员提供一个诊断模拟的平台.     

Modeling the adsorption of Cd (II), Cu (II), Ni (II), Pb (II) and Zn (II) onto montmorillonite

The adsorption of five toxic metallic cations, Cd(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II), onto montmorillonite was investigated as a function of pH and ionic strength and a two-site surface complexation model was used to predict the adsorption data. The results showed that in the lower pH range, 3∼6 for Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn, and 3∼4.5 for Pb, the adsorption was greatly affected by ionic strength, while in the higher pH range, the adsorption was not. In the lower pH range, the metallic cations were mainly bound through the formation of outer-sphere surface on the permanently charged basal surface sites (≡X⁻), while in the higher pH range the adsorption occurred mainly on the variably charged edge sites (≡SOH) through the formation of inner-sphere surface complexes. Acid-base surface constants and metal binding constants for the two sites were optimized using FITEQL. The adsorption affinity of the five metallic cations to the permanently charged sites of montmorillonite was Pb > Cu > Ni ≈ Zn ≈ Cd, while that to the variable charged sites was Pb ? Cu > Zn > Cd > Ni.     

Rare earth element geochemistry of the Woxi W–Sb–Au deposit, Hunan Province, South China

The Woxi W–Sb–Au deposit in Hunan, South China, is hosted by Proterozoic metasedimentary rocks, a turbiditic sequence of slightly metamorphosed (greenschist facies), gray-green and purplish red graywacke, siltstone, sandy slate, and slate. The mineralization occurs predominantly (> 70%) as stratabound/stratiform ore layers and subordinately as stringer stockworks. The former consists of rhythmically interbedded, banded to finely laminated stibnite, scheelite, quartz, pyrite and silty clays, whereas the latter occurs immediately beneath the stratabound ore layers and is characterized by numerous quartz + pyrite + gold + scheelite stringer veins or veinlets that are typically either subparallel or subvertical to the overlying stratabound ore layers. The deposit has been the subject of continued debate in regard to its genesis. Rare earth element geochemistry is used here to support a sedimentary exhalative (sedex) origin for the Woxi deposit. The REE signatures of the metasedimentary rocks and associated ores from the Woxi W–Sb–Au deposit remained unchanged during post-depositional processes and were mainly controlled by their provenance. The original ore-forming hydrothermal fluids, as demonstrated by fluid inclusions in quartz from the banded ores, are characterized by variable total REE concentrations (3.5 to 136 ppm), marked LREE enrichment (La_N/Yb_N = 28–248, ∑LREE/∑HREE = 16 to 34) and no significant Eu-anomalies (Eu/Eu = 0.83 to 1.18). They were most probably derived from evolved seawater that circulated in the clastic sediment pile and subsequently erupted on the seafloor. The bulk banded ores are enriched in HREE (La_N/Yb_N = 4.6–11.4, ∑LREE/∑HREE = 3 to 14) and slightly depleted in Eu (Eu/Eu = 0.63 to 1.14) relative to their parent fluids. This is interpreted as indicating the influence of seawater rather than a crystallographic control on REE content of the ores. Within a single ore layer, the degree of HREE enrichment tends to increase upward while the total REE concentrations decrease, reflecting greater influence and dilution of seawater. There is a broad similarity in chondrite-normalized REE patterns and the amount of REE fractionation of the banded ores in this study and exhalites from other sedex-type polymetallic ore deposits, suggesting a similar genesis for these deposits. This conclusion is in agreement with geologic evidence supporting a syngenetic (sedex) model for the Woxi deposit.     

对陆相层序地层的一些认识--以甘肃民和盆地1:5万区域地质调查为例

陆相层序地层、沉积作用与海相的存在很大差异.层序地层学研究方法在陆相盆地具体应用中不应盲目照搬,应在借鉴海相层序地层学基本概念、基本理论的基础上,因地制宜,不断探索,真正总结出一套适合陆相层序地层学的概念与模式.准层序、准层序组的应用,是根据陆相盆地层序和充填作用的发育特点应运而生的.准层序本身反映了事件沉积作用,具有高分辨率,可以在纵向上进行时间层序划分,还可在横向上把无序的地层有机地联系起来.     

二叠-三叠纪转折期放射虫动物群的变化

综述了二叠 -三叠纪转折期放射虫动物群的研究进展 ,长兴阶晚期放射虫动物群 90 %以上的种在二叠纪末期灭绝 ,只有少数在浅海灰岩和远洋硅质岩中均能够发现的属种才成功残存到三叠纪 ;三叠纪放射虫的复苏和辐射经历了较长的过程 ,Griesbachian至 Smithian为放射虫残存期 ,Spathian 为放射虫的复苏期 ,Anisian是放射虫的辐射期。Anisian放射虫的辐射受到强缺氧事件的影响。     

骊山凸起隆升的时限及其地质意义

根据渭河盆地灞河期和游河期的地层沉积特征及分布范围,推断骊山凸起的隆升时期为晚中新世,游河期渭河盆地形成了西安凹陷和固市凹陷两个沉积中心,现今渭河盆地凸起和凹陷的并存的地貌格局很可能自晚中新世就已经形成。渭河盆地周缘在8Ma左右存在一次强烈区域隆升事件,对秦岭的隆升有显著影响。     

中国有壳变形虫Argynnia(Vucetich,1974)属的修订及若干环境重建问题探讨

有壳变形虫是一类具外壳的陆相淡水根足纲(Rhizopoda)原生动物,广泛栖息于湖泊、泥炭、沼泽、土壤等各种淡水潮湿环境,由于其壳体具有很好的抗腐蚀性而在沉积物中保存下来,近年来广泛应用于泥炭和湖泊湿地的古环境重建研究中.大部分有壳变形虫是世界广泛分布的,但是也有一些种类具有一定的地带性分布格局.形态学和分子生物学的研...