使用掘进机条件下岩石可钻性的试验研究

本文根据岩石掘进机的破岩特点,阐述了岩石的物理力学特性及其赋存状况对大断面群刀破岩可钻性的影响;并根据现场实测资料分析,提出了以地质条件为基础,按照岩石的坚固性、完整性、磨砺性综合划分岩石可钻性分级的初步方案。     

北半球绕极涡的变异及其与我国气候异常的关系

本文利用近50 a大气再分析资料和中国站点观测资料,通过定义绕极涡的总体面积指数,分析了北半球绕极涡的变异特征及其与我国气候异常的关系,通过考虑绕极涡的局地变异和利用SVD分析方法揭示了绕极涡的局地变异与我国气候变异的关系。结果表明:北半球绕极涡的总体面积变异表现为一致性的扩张或收缩变化特征,近50 a来其总体面积具有收缩的趋势,这与全球增暖尤其是极区增暖有密切关系;叠加在这种趋势之上的既有年际变化又有年代际变化,主要周期大约是3~5 a和8~12 a。因此,研究绕极涡与我国气候的相关时分时间尺度来考虑更合理。北半球绕极涡的总体面积变异与我国气候异常的关系主要体现在年代际时间尺度上,当北半球绕极涡总体一致性收缩时,冬季我国大部分地区的气温都会随之变高,而降水偏多;夏季东北、华北、西南和华南地区气温偏高,降水偏少,而江淮流域气温偏低,降水偏多。反之亦然。北半球绕极涡的局地变异主要体现在西风带长波振幅的变异上,而其与我国气候异常的联系主要表现在年际时间尺度上,当东亚大槽减弱时,冬季我国中、东部大部分地区气温偏高,降水偏多;夏季江淮流域和四川盆地气温偏低,其它地区气温偏高,降水变化不明显。反之亦然。     

A speckle noise suppression method based on surface waves investigation and monitoring data

The internal energy distribution of waves can be described using ocean-wave spectra. In many ways, obtaining wave spectra on a global scale is critical. Surface waves investigation and monitoring onboard the Chinese-French oceanography satellite is the first space-borne instrument for detecting wave spectra specially, which was launched on October 29, 2018. It can avoid the shortage of synthetic aperture radar detection results while still having some problems, especially with the effects of spe...     

渍涝洼地鱼塘中浮游动物的变化

1987-1989年对山东省禹城渍涝洼地新开鱼塘水体中浮游动物进行了调查。1987、1988、1989年成鱼养殖期间共检出浮游动物种类分别为29、34、52种,平均数量为11911、39366.1、77889.2个/L,平均生物量为5.145、5.7675、9.6285mg/L。1988、1989年,鱼塘水体中浮游动物的数量高峰在7月。新开鱼塘养鱼前,只检出5种。数量为600个/L,生物量为0.0585mg/L。养鱼后三年来,鱼塘水体中浮游动物种类、数量及生物量的逐年增加,表明了新开鱼塘富营养化的演变程度。鱼塘施肥前后,水体中原生动物与轮虫的数量均有明显变化,其中原生动物变化更为明显。     

A Study of the Star-forming Dwarf Galaxy NGC 855 with Spitzer

We present a study of the dwarf elliptical galaxy NGC 855 using the narrow-band Hα and Spitzer data. Both the Hα and Spitzer IRAC images confirm star-forming activity in the center of NGC 855. We obtained a star formation rate (SFR) of 0.022 and 0.025M◎yr-1,respectively,from the Spitzer IRAC 8.0μm and MIPS 24μm emission data. The HI observa-tion suggests that the star-forming activity might be triggered by a minor merger. We also find that there is a distinct IR emission region in 5.8 and 8.0μm bands,located at about 10 away from the nucleus of NGC 855. Given the strong 8.0μm but faint Hα emission,we expect that it is a heavily obscured star-forming region,which needs to be confirmed by further optical spectroscopic observations.     

不同养殖类型池塘浮游生物群落结构的初步分析

1988年在山东省禹城县渍涝洼地中选择四口鱼塘以不同放养类型进行试验,4—10月测定其浮游生物数量、生物量的变化。根据浮游生物各主要大类(如原生动物、轮虫以及蓝藻、绿藻、硅藻、隐藻和裸藻等)的变化,分析不同养殖类型池塘浮游生物群落结构变化的稳定性和同步性,同时分析了环境因子特别是生物营养物质的变化对浮游生物的影响。结果指出,肥水性鱼类在养殖池塘中因搭配比例的差异而导致池塘中浮游生物变化。     

Petrogenesis and shock metamorphism of the enriched lherzolitic shergottite Northwest Africa 7755

Northwest Africa (NWA) 7755 is a newly found enriched lherzolitic shergottite. Here, we report its detailed petrography and mineralogy. NWA 7755 contains both poikilitic and non‐poikilitic lithologies. Olivine has different compositional ranges in the poikilitic and non‐poikilitic lithologies, Fa_30–39 and Fa_37–40, respectively. Pyroxene in the non‐poikilitic lithology is systematically Fe‐richer than that in the poikilitic lithology. The chromite grains in non‐poikilitic lithology are highly Ti‐richer than those in the poikilitic lithology. The chemical variations of olivine, pyroxene, and chromite between the poikilitic and non‐poikilitic lithologies support a two‐stage formation model of lherzolitic shergottites. Besides planar fractures and strong mosaicism in olivine and pyroxene, shock‐induced melt veins and pockets are observed in NWA 7755. Olivine grains within and adjacent to melt veins and/or pockets have either transformed to ringwoodite, amorphous phase, or dissociated to bridgmanite plus magnesiowüstite. Merrillite in melt veins has completely transformed to tuite; however, apatite only has partially transformed to tuite, indicating a relatively sluggish transformation rate. The partial transformation from apatite to tuite resulted in fractional devolatilization of Cl and F in apatite. The fine‐grained mineral assemblage in melt veins consists mainly of bridgmanite, minor magnesiowüstite, Fe‐sulfide, Fe‐phosphide, and Ca‐phosphate minerals. The coexistence of bridgmanite and magnesiowüstite in these veins indicates a shock pressure of >~24 GPa and a temperature of 1800–2000 °C. Coesite and seifertite are probably present in NWA 7755. The presence of these high‐pressure minerals indicates that NWA 7755 has experienced a more intense shock metamorphism than other enriched lherzolitic shergottites.     

An energy conversion system based on deep-sea pressure

A novel seawater pressure energy conversion system that utilizes seawater pressure to generate electricity has been studied in this paper. The energy conversion system utilizes the pressure difference between the pressurized seawater and the empty pressure container to drive hydraulic motor and the coaxially coupled generator to generate electric power. The output electric energy is recorded by the data logger throughout the process. In the current study, technical analysis is performed with the emphasis on conversion efficiency between seawater pressure energy and output electric energy. The analysis is conducted at various pressure differences through the throttle valve so as to obtain maximum conversion efficiency. Research shows that the optimum pressure difference through the throttle valve and the maximum conversion efficiency can be theoretically calculated when the properties of the conversion system are given. Simulation results have demonstrated the influence of pressure difference on conversion efficiency. The test apparatus has been designed, built and tested in 2004. It successfully generated electric energy of approximately 0.85 kW h at the depth of 2400 m with empty pressure container's holding capacity of 200 L in the voyage “DY105-16” in South China Sea on June 12, 2004. The actual conversion efficiency from seawater pressure energy to electric energy reaches as high as 63.8% which is attractive for underwater equipments. The success of the experiment has tested the feasibility of utilizing seawater pressure energy and brings a new power supply way for long-term in-situ underwater equipments.     

Growth of new designated cities in China

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