Partitioning and Hydrolysis of Nb and Ta and Their Implications with Regard to Mineralization

K₂NbOF₅ · H₂O and K₂TaF₇ were prepared through melting Nb₂O₅ and Ta₂O₅ respectively with KHF₂ · 2H₂O, followed by recrystallizing. The hydrolysis properties of K₂NbOF₅ and K₂TaF₇ were determined again by using a rapidly quench vessel. As temperature (from 250 to 550 °C) and pressure (from 500 to 1500 bars) increase, the degree of hydrolysis of both K₂NbOF₅ and K₂TaF₇ will increase. Nb- and Ta-fluorine complex compounds are instable in supercritical aqueous fluids. The degree of hydrolysis of both K₂NbOF₅ and K₂TaF₇ decreases with increasing concentration of HF, independent of the concentration of NaF. The partition coefficients of Nb and Ta between granitic melt and fluid phase are less than 0.15, i.e., most of Nb and Ta are left in granitic melt. The partition coefficient of Ta is more dependent on the concentration of HF than that of Nb. The significance of hydrolysis in Nb- and Ta- mineralization is also discussed in the present paper.     

控制粉煤灰密实度以替代砂类土的原位测试

本文是一例研究粉煤灰替代排水砂沟中以黄砂为材料的原位试验。通过建立静力触探比贯入阻力与干容重的相关关系,找出达到设计要求的7.5 KN/m干容重的最佳夯实击数(振密遍数),从而有效地控制了粉煤灰的密实度。     

模糊数学在地震预报和震源孕育模式研究中的应用

模糊集的概念和方法是十多年前才提出来的,现在已在很多科学领域中得到了应用。作者试图把模糊数学的知识引入地震预报。为此采用模糊语言对“正常”、“异常”作了初步探讨。初步确定了单项前兆异常和多项前兆异常的隶属函数。从方法上对编制预报程序作了大胆的设想。并以两个简单实例为样本作了内检,取得了一些初步结果。我们认为,采用模糊数学技巧具有诱人的前景。     

Terrestrial chondrules,glass spherules and accretionary lapilli from the suevite,Ries Crater,Germany

Until recently, no terrestrial analogues of meteoritic and lunar chondrules were known. Only rare glass spherules from the Lonar Crater, India, and black magnetic spherules from various localities have been recorded. The impact breccia suevite of the No¨rdlinger Ries Crater, Germany, contains both chondrules and glass spherules, and in addition, accretionary lapilli, all of which are found imbedded within the fine-grained matrix of the suevite. The chondrules display many of the textural features characteristic of meteoritic and lunar chondrules. Lithic chondrules and fluid drop chondrules are present, the latter having a composition quite similar to that of glass bombs and glass fragments in the suevite. Fluid drop chondrules developed from glass spherules by slow devitrification in the hot suevite ejecta masses after deposition. On the whole, fluid drop chondrules, lithic chondrules and glass spherules are rare in the suevite, with fluid drop chondrules prevailing. Detection of chondrules from a terrestrial impact crater supports theories of an impact origin for meteoritic and lunar chondrules. Accretionary lapilli also represent material formed as a result of impact.     

波速异常的区域特征

有关波速比异常预报地震的震例已有不少论述,然而就一个地区的波速异常区域特征则很少讨论。为进一步监视地震活动,做好地震预报工作,我们以甘肃及邻近地区近十年来发生的一些中强地震为例,研究了它们的时空特性,並同其它一些地区的研究结果进行比较,     

震源孕育的数学物理模式与波速异常的理论解释

本文提出了一种震源孕育的数学物理模式,该模式把孕震过程分为扩容,包体形成与发展、流体扩散、失稳四个阶段。用数学物理方法研究了沿断裂带定向的圆柱形孕震区内的孕震过程。通过对这一过程的研究,得出了各孕震阶段持续时间的计算公式。计算结果与波速异常的实际观测结果符合较好。此外,还从理论上研究了确定两相介质中地震波传播速度的问题,给出了P、S波速度与速度比的计算公式,得出了一些定量结果。根据所述结果,对震前地震波速度异常的某些特征(异常持续时间、异常区形状大小及异常幅度)作出了一定的理论解释。最后,用量纲分析和相似理论方法对影响波速异常的一些因素作了简单的讨论。     

Horizontal crustal movement in Chinese mainland before and after the great Kunlun Mountain <Emphasis Type="Italic">M</Emphasis>=8.1 earthquake in 2001

The continuous GPS observation at the fiducial stations in the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China (CMONOC) recorded the crustal movement of Chinese mainland before and after the great Kunlun Mountain earthquake of M=8.1 on November 14, 2001, especially the horizontal crustal movement in the western part of China. Based on the datum defined by a group of stable stations with small mutual horizontal displacements for a few years, the time series of horizontal displacements at fiducial stations were obtained. Significant anomalous horizontal displacements had appeared at the fiducial stations in the western part of China since early November 2000 and several earthquakes with the magnitudes about 6.0 had occurred in Yunnan and Sichuan Provinces. The northward components of the horizontal displacement at the fiducial stations in west China had decreased significantly and even changed in the opposite sense since mid April 2001. After the earthquake, the northward displacements still decreased and there were significant westward displacements. The process of the crustal movement in the western part of Chinese mainland (in reference to east China) suggests that the main force source for this earthquake came from the northward pushing of the Indian plate. The great earthquake released a large amount of energy, as a result, the action applied by the Indian plate to Chinese mainland diminished significantly and after the great earthquake, the seismic activity in Chinese mainland decreased considerably until the end of 2002.     

Seyfert 2型星系中的星暴活动

星暴和活动星系核之间的联系是活动星系研究领域最重要、最活跃的研究课题之一。Seyfert星系由于距离较近、数目较多和相对低的核活动,已成为研究星暴和活动星系核之间联系的理想天体。综述了活动星系核中存在星暴的观测证据和Seyflert2型星系核区星暴活动的最新研究结果,着重讨论了存在两类Seyflert2型星系(一类是被遮挡的Seyfert1型星系,另一类是“真正”的Seyfert2型星系即不存在宽线区的Seyfert2型星系)的可能性．通过比较具有和不具有偏振宽线的Seyflert2型星系在红外、射电、光学和X射线光谱性质的差别,发现具有偏振宽线的Seyfert2型星系在本质上和Seyflert1型星系是同一类天体,差别只在于观测者视线方向的不同;而不具有偏振宽线的Seyfert2型星系是一些星系核活动较弱而星暴活动占主导的天体,这些星系从射电、红外、光学到硬X射线,都具有和星暴星系相似的性质。由于这些星系中核的吸积率将比Seyflert1型星系低近两个量级,因而它们很有可能是一些没有宽发射线区的Seyfert2型星系,即所谓的“真正”Seyflert2型星系。     

MicroStation J项目定制的研究

简略介绍了MicroStation J下的项目定制的机制、项目设置文件中主要字段的含义、项目的目录结构以及自定义用户的项目内容等。最后介绍了结合江苏省1：50000DLG生产而开发的项目定制实例。     

台站短水准数据处理分析软件

台站短水准测量外业工作结束后，其后的观测数据计算处理、电报文件的生成、各类报表的编制、曲线图件的绘制、分析会商资料处理等内业工作量很大(合肥形变台年终应提交的报表和图件共有123份之多)，且繁琐。人工操作费时费力，易出差错。