长江生源要素的输出通量

长江是太平洋西岸最大的河流,它源源不断地向东海输送大量物质,是舟山渔场的重要化学物质基础,不仅对长江口海区以至整个东海有举足轻重的影响,对太平洋的影响也是不可忽视的。本文报道颗粒有机碳(POC)、溶     

Cirrus cloud horizontal and vertical inhomogeneity effects in a GCM

Summary A set of the inhomogeneity factor for high-level clouds derived from the ISCCP D1 dataset averaged over a five-year period has been incorporated in the UCLA atmospheric GCM to investigate the effect of cirrus cloud inhomogeneity on climate simulation. The inclusion of this inhomogeneous factor improves the global mean planetary albedo by about 4% simulated from the model. It also produces changes in solar fluxes and OLRs associated with changes in cloud fields, revealing that the cloud inhomogeneity not only affects cloud albedo directly, but also modifies cloud and radiation fields. The corresponding difference in the geographic distribution of precipitation is as large as 7 mm day⁻¹. Using the climatology cloud inhomogeneity factor also produces a warmer troposphere related to changes in the cloudiness and the corresponding radiative heating, which, to some extent, corrects the cold bias in the UCLA AGCM. The region around 14 km, however, is cooler associated with increase in the reflected solar flux that leads to a warmer region above. An interactive parameterization for mean effective ice crystal size based on ice water content and temperature has also been developed and incorporated in the UCLA AGCM. The inclusion of the new parameterization produces substantial differences in the zonal mean temperature and the geographic distribution of precipitation, radiative fluxes, and cloud cover with respect to the control run. The vertical distribution of ice crystal size appears to be an important factor controlling the radiative heating rate and the consequence of circulation patterns, and hence must be included in the cloud-radiation parameterization in climate models to account for realistic cloud processes in the atmosphere.     

NUMERICAL STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE ON TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSITY-PART I:NUMERICAL EXPERIMENT OF THE TROPICAL CYCLONE INTENSITY RELATED TO SST Duan Yihong;Qin Zenghao;Gu dianfeng;Li Yongping, Shanghai Typhoon Institute.Shangh

In the context of a model of tropical cyclone intensity based on an improved meso-scaleatmospheric model, numerical simulation is performed of the track and intensity variation oftropical cyclones (TC) arising from sea surface temperature (SST) variation over a specified searegion. Evidence suggests that the model is capable of modeling quite welt the track and intensityof TC: SST variation leads to an abrupt change in the cyclone intensity: the response of thecyclone to the abrupt SST change lasts 8—12 h.     

一种适合定点使用的DTZ型质子旋进磁力仪

系统地介绍了ＤＴＺ系列质子旋进磁力仪的思路和性能特点，通过台站使用认为，ＤＴＺ系列仪器能满足地磁台观测精度的要求，具有实际使用的价值。     

MTA固井技术在煤层气井中应用的实验研究

MTA固井技术在油气田中的运用已经取得了显著效果,能够提高二界面的抗剪切强度以及抵抗地层水对二界面的冲蚀。通过室内实验,对MTA固井技术在煤层气井中的运用进行探索。实验结果表明,MTA技术在煤层气井的固井模拟实验中,也能够有效的提高二界面的抗剪切强度,实现二界面的整体固化胶结,抵抗地层水对煤层气二界面的冲蚀,这些特点对于提高煤层气井的产能具有重要意义。作为一种施工简捷、效果显著的固井技术,MTA固井方法在煤层气井中的应用前景是极为广阔的。     

杭州市化工园区选址的气象环境与评估的数值模拟研究

城市化是国家社会发展的必然趋势，为了在新一轮城市总体规划中能保证杭州市的大气环境质量，优化不同空间尺度的城市规划，协调城市发展与保护环境的关系，本文利用一个三维非静力区域边界层数值模式，对一些典型天气条件下杭州地区的风场和气温的空间分布特征进行模拟分析，并以此为依据，给出选取化工园区的位置的评估意见。模拟结果表明，化工园区的选址宜考虑在杭州市的西南方向。     

A nonstationary parameter model for the sandstone creep tests

The rock masses of hydro-fluctuation belt experience seepage pressure following impoundment in the Three Gorges Reservoir; its creep behaviors are significant for reservoir bank slopes. To study the creep behaviors under seepage pressure (0, 1.45, and 1.75 MPa), we performed creep tests using representative landslide sandstone in the Three Gorges Reservoir and investigated the sandstone creep behaviors under the coupling effects of seepage pressure and stress. Previous researches on rocks have usually regarded the creep constitutive parameter as a constant; however, in this study, a nonlinear, nonstationary, plastic-viscous (NNPV) creep model which can describe the curve of sandstone creep tests is proposed. The rock-creep parameters under three levels of seepage pressure were identified, and theoretical curves using the NNPV model agreed well with the experimental data, indicating that the new model cannot only describe the primary creep and secondary creep stages under varying seepage pressures but also, in particular, perfectly describes the tertiary creep stage. Finally, the sensitivity of the NNPV model parameters is analyzed, and the result shows that the nonstationary coefficient α and the nonlinear coefficient m are main parameters affecting the tertiary creep stage.     

四川木里耳泽岩溶型金矿床形成条件和成矿机制

四川本里耳泽金-菱铁矿建造矿床,赋存于上二叠统海相碳酸盐岩层中,矿化受古岩溶的严格控制,组成矿石的基本矿物为菱铁矿,金不均匀地分布于菱铁矿矿体内。成矿溶液来自加热的循环地下水。成矿过程分为早阶段和中-晚阶段。成矿温度为156-210℃,成矿深度小于1km.成矿物质主要来自地层。成矿热液呈碱性和弱还原性,贫硫,含中等盐度。矿床形成时的地质构造环境较稳定。这是我国仅见的一种特殊金矿类型。     

高精度新方法测量计算船舶磁场分布

将高精度质子磁探仪和位场变换理论用于测量计算船舶磁场，以研究其在海洋中的分布。由质子磁探仪实测海面上１０ｍ处磁场的模（船的磁场与地磁场矢量的和的绝对值），用位场变换理论计算出船的磁场三个分量在水面和水下的分布；并采用一系列有效措施，提高计算速度和结果的精度。将该方法和磁球理论严格解比较，在ｚ＝０面上误差小于０．１％，在ｚ＝－２０ｍ面上误差小于１％；还给出船的磁场强度在船的纵横向的分布曲线和平面立体