全文获取类型
收费全文 | 378篇 |
免费 | 13篇 |
国内免费 | 4篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 7篇 |
大气科学 | 64篇 |
地球物理 | 104篇 |
地质学 | 105篇 |
海洋学 | 27篇 |
天文学 | 66篇 |
综合类 | 3篇 |
自然地理 | 19篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 3篇 |
2023年 | 2篇 |
2022年 | 8篇 |
2021年 | 10篇 |
2020年 | 12篇 |
2019年 | 10篇 |
2018年 | 8篇 |
2017年 | 18篇 |
2016年 | 25篇 |
2015年 | 20篇 |
2014年 | 7篇 |
2013年 | 21篇 |
2012年 | 21篇 |
2011年 | 17篇 |
2010年 | 18篇 |
2009年 | 18篇 |
2008年 | 23篇 |
2007年 | 10篇 |
2006年 | 18篇 |
2005年 | 18篇 |
2004年 | 8篇 |
2003年 | 7篇 |
2002年 | 6篇 |
2001年 | 3篇 |
2000年 | 4篇 |
1999年 | 7篇 |
1998年 | 3篇 |
1997年 | 14篇 |
1996年 | 5篇 |
1995年 | 8篇 |
1994年 | 2篇 |
1993年 | 4篇 |
1992年 | 2篇 |
1991年 | 4篇 |
1990年 | 5篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 3篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 5篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
1970年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有395条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
391.
Lemaire P. Wilhelm K. Curdt W. SchÜle U. Marsch E. Poland A. I. Jordan S. D. Thomas R. J. Hassler D. M. Vial J. C. KÜhne M. Huber M. C. E. Siegmund O. H. W. Gabriel A. Timothy J. G. Grewing M. 《Solar physics》1997,170(1):105-122
SUMER – Solar Ultraviolet Measurements of Emitted Radiation – is not only an extreme ultraviolet (EUV) spectrometer capable of obtaining detailed spectra in the range from 500 to 1610 Å, but, using the telescope mechanisms, it also provides monochromatic images over the full solar disk and beyond, into the corona, with high spatial resolution. We report on some aspects of the observation programmes that have already led us to a new view of many aspects of the Sun, including quiet Sun, chromospheric and transition region network, coronal hole, polar plume, prominence and active region studies. After an introduction, where we compare the SUMER imaging capabilities to previous experiments in our wavelength range, we describe the results of tests performed in order to characterize and optimize the telescope under operational conditions. We find the spatial resolution to be 1.2 arc sec across the slit and 2 arc sec (2 detector pixels) along the slit. Resolution and sensitivity are adequate to provide details on the structure, physical properties, and evolution of several solar features which we then present. Finally some information is given on the data availability and the data management system. 相似文献
392.
The Oroscocha Quaternary volcano, in the Inner Arc Domain of the Andean Cordillera (southern Peru), emitted peraluminous rhyolites and trachydacites that entrained decimetric to millimetric lamprophyric blobs. These latter show kersantite modal compositions (equal proportion of groundmass plagioclase and K-feldspar) and potassic bulk-rock compositions (1<K2O/Na2O<2; 6.7–7.2 wt.% CaO). Kersantite blobs have shapes and microstructures consistent with an origin from a mixing process between mafic potassic melts and rhyolitic melts. Both melts did exchange their phenocrysts during the mixing process. In addition to index minerals of lamprophyres (Ba–Ti–phlogopite, F-rich apatite, andesine and Ca-rich sanidine), the groundmass of kersantite blobs displays essenite-rich diopside (up to 22 mol%), Ti-poor magnetite microlites, Ti-poor hematite microlites and a series of Ca–Ti–Zr- and REE-rich accessory minerals that have never been reported from lamprophyres. Titanite [up to 5.3 wt.% ZrO2 and 5.2 wt.% (Y2O3 + REE2O3)] and Zr- and Ca-rich perrierite (up to 7.2 wt.% ZrO2 and 10.8 wt.% CaO) predate LREE- and iron-rich zirconolite and Fe-, Ti-, Hf-, Nb- and Ce-rich baddeleyite (up to 5.3 wt.% Fe2O3, 3.2 wt.% TiO2, 1.5 wt.% HfO2, 1.2 wt.% Nb2O5, 0.25 wt.% CeO2) in the crystallization order of the groundmass. Isomorphic substitutions suggest iron to occur as Fe3+ in all the accessory phases. This feature, the essenitic substitution in the clinopyroxene and the occurrence of hematite microlites, all indicate a drastic increase of the oxygen fugacity (from FMQ − 1 to FMQ + 5 log units) well above the HM synthetic buffer within a narrow temperature range (1100–1000 °C). Such a late-magmatic oxidation is ascribed to assimilation of water from the felsic melts during magma mixing, followed by rapid degassing and water dissociation during eruption of host felsic lavas. Thus, magma mixing involving felsic melt end-members provides a mechanism for mafic potassic melts to be oxidized beyond the HM synthetic buffer curve. 相似文献
393.
Matthew R. Lurtz Ryan R. Morrison Timothy K. Gates Gabriel B. Senay Aditi S. Bhaskar David G. Ketchum 《水文研究》2020,34(8):1714-1727
Evapotranspiration (ET) from riparian vegetation can be difficult to estimate due to relatively abundant water supply, spatial vegetation heterogeneity, and interactions with anthropogenic influences such as shallower groundwater tables, increased salinity, and nonpoint source pollution induced by irrigation. In semiarid south-eastern Colorado, reliable ET estimates are scarce for the riparian corridor that borders the Arkansas River. This work investigates relationships between the riparian ecosystem along the Arkansas River and an underlying alluvial aquifer using ET estimates from remotely sensed data and modelled water table depths. Results from a calibrated, finite-difference groundwater model are used to estimate weekly water table fluctuations in the riparian ecosystem from 1999 to 2009, and estimates of ET are calculated using the Operational Simplified Surface Energy Balance (SSEBop) model with over 200 Landsat scenes covering over 30 km2 of riparian ecosystem along a 70-km stretch of the river. Comparison of calculated monthly SSEBop ET to estimated alfalfa reference ET from local micrometeorological station data indicated statistically significant high linear correspondence (R2 = .87). Daily calculated SSEBop ET showed statistically significant moderate linear correspondence with data from a local weighing lysimeter (R2 = .59). Simulated monthly SSEBop ET values were larger in drier years compared with wetter years, and ET variability was also larger in drier years. Peak ET most commonly occurred during the month of June for all 11 years of analysis. Relationships between ET and water table depth showed that peak monthly ET was highest when groundwater depths were less than about 3 m, and ET values were significantly lower for groundwater depths greater than 3 m. Negative sample Spearman correlation highlighted riparian corridor locations where ET increased as a result of decreased groundwater depths across years with different hydroclimatic conditions. This study shows how a combination of remotely sensed riparian ET estimates and a regional groundwater model can improve our understanding of linkages between riparian consumptive use and near-river groundwater conditions influenced by irrigation return flow and different climatic drivers. 相似文献
394.
Timothy R. H. Pearson Sandra Brown Lara Murray Gabriel Sidman 《Carbon balance and management》2017,12(1):3
Background
The degradation of forests in developing countries, particularly those within tropical and subtropical latitudes, is perceived to be an important contributor to global greenhouse gas emissions. However, the impacts of forest degradation are understudied and poorly understood, largely because international emission reduction programs have focused on deforestation, which is easier to detect and thus more readily monitored. To better understand and seize opportunities for addressing climate change it will be essential to improve knowledge of greenhouse gas emissions from forest degradation.Results
Here we provide a consistent estimation of forest degradation emissions between 2005 and 2010 across 74 developing countries covering 2.2 billion hectares of forests. We estimated annual emissions of 2.1 billion tons of carbon dioxide, of which 53% were derived from timber harvest, 30% from woodfuel harvest and 17% from forest fire. These percentages differed by region: timber harvest was as high as 69% in South and Central America and just 31% in Africa; woodfuel harvest was 35% in Asia, and just 10% in South and Central America; and fire ranged from 33% in Africa to only 5% in Asia. Of the total emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, forest degradation accounted for 25%. In 28 of the 74 countries, emissions from forest degradation exceeded those from deforestation.Conclusions
The results of this study clearly demonstrate the importance of accounting greenhouse gases from forest degradation by human activities. The scale of emissions presented indicates that the exclusion of forest degradation from national and international GHG accounting is distorting. This work helps identify where emissions are likely significant, but policy developments are needed to guide when and how accounting should be undertaken. Furthermore, ongoing research is needed to create and enhance cost-effective accounting approaches.395.
Gabriel Granco Marcellus Marques Caldas Jason Scott Bergtold Ana Claudia Sant’Anna 《GeoJournal》2017,82(1):63-80
Within the past decade, the sugarcane ethanol industry in Brazil has increased its production capacity to meet rising domestic demand for ethanol. However, to achieve this growth the industry has had to expand into new frontiers in the Brazilian Cerrado, specifically in the states of Goiás and Mato Grosso do Sul, which is now the second largest producing area of ethanol in Brazil. We argue that the expansion into the Brazilian Cerrado is a result of the interactions between the increase in demand, governmental policies, infrastructure, and factors that have prevented traditional sugarcane producing regions from meeting the increasing demand for ethanol. This paper analyzes the policies that have shaped the sugarcane industry in Brazil and the expansion of the industry across the country. The policies and issues examined include those that led to the concentration and consolidation of the sugarcane industry in the state of São Paulo and the consequences of this consolidation; the influence of governmental policies on the decision-making process of producers and industry; the state-level policies designed to expand the industry into Goiás and Mato Grosso do Sul states; infrastructure development; and the Sugarcane Agroecological Zoning policies. Through this study we conclude that the ethanol industry identified the Cerrado states as an opportunity for investment, given the good agricultural conditions for producing sugarcane, affordable land prices and favorable state-level fiscal incentive policies. In addition, there is a need for further regional development policies as the interaction between the sugarcane sector and regional government is likely to continue into the future. 相似文献