全文获取类型
收费全文 | 358篇 |
免费 | 17篇 |
国内免费 | 4篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 6篇 |
大气科学 | 64篇 |
地球物理 | 94篇 |
地质学 | 102篇 |
海洋学 | 27篇 |
天文学 | 66篇 |
综合类 | 3篇 |
自然地理 | 17篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 2篇 |
2023年 | 2篇 |
2022年 | 8篇 |
2021年 | 9篇 |
2020年 | 11篇 |
2019年 | 8篇 |
2018年 | 8篇 |
2017年 | 16篇 |
2016年 | 25篇 |
2015年 | 20篇 |
2014年 | 6篇 |
2013年 | 21篇 |
2012年 | 21篇 |
2011年 | 16篇 |
2010年 | 18篇 |
2009年 | 18篇 |
2008年 | 23篇 |
2007年 | 8篇 |
2006年 | 17篇 |
2005年 | 17篇 |
2004年 | 8篇 |
2003年 | 7篇 |
2002年 | 6篇 |
2001年 | 4篇 |
2000年 | 4篇 |
1999年 | 7篇 |
1998年 | 3篇 |
1997年 | 14篇 |
1996年 | 5篇 |
1995年 | 8篇 |
1994年 | 2篇 |
1993年 | 4篇 |
1992年 | 2篇 |
1991年 | 4篇 |
1990年 | 4篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 3篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
1970年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有379条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
291.
Micro- and macro-dispersive fluxes in canopy flows 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Resolving every detail of the three-dimensional canopy morphology and its underlying topography remains untenable when modeling
high Reynolds number geophysical flows. How to represent the effects of such a complex morphological variability and any concomittant
topographic variability into one-dimensional bulk flow representation remains a fundamental challenge to be confronted in
canopy turbulence research.
Theoretically, planar averaging to the scale of interest should be applied to the time-averaged mean momentum balance; however,
such averaging gives rise to covariance or dispersive terms produced by spatial correlations of time-averaged quantities that
remain ‘unclosed’ or require parameterization. When the averaging scale is commensurate with few canopy heights, these covariances
can be labeled as ‘micro-dispersive’ stresses. When averaging is intended to eliminate low-wavenumber topographic variations,
we refer to these covariances as ‘macro-dispersive’ terms. Two flume experiments were used to explore the magnitude and sign
of both micro- and macro-dispersive fluxes relative to their conventional Reynolds stresses counterparts: a rod-canopy with
variable roughness density and a dense rod canopy situated on gentle hilly terrain. When compared to the conventional momentum
flux, the micro-dispersive fluxes in the lowest layers of sparse canopies can be significant (∼50%). For dense canopies, the
dispersive terms remain negligible when compared to the conventional momentum fluxes throughout. For the macro-dispersive
fluxes, model calculations suggest that these terms can be neglected relative to the Reynolds stresses for a deep canopy situated
on a narrow hill. For the region in which topographic variations can interact with the pressure, both model calculations and
flume experiments suggest that the macro-dispersive fluxes cannot be neglected, and their value can be 20% of the typical
Reynolds stresses. 相似文献
292.
Ocean Dynamics - The genetic algorithm (GA) model presented here provides specific JONSWAP parameters that can be used for wave modelling. This work describes a validated heuristic model based on... 相似文献
293.
High and moderate severity wildfires should increase sediment production from unpaved roads due to the increased surface runoff from upslope, and increase road–stream connectivity due to the decrease in downslope surface roughness as well as the increase in surface runoff and erosion. Because no study has documented these effects, we surveyed road surface erosion features and quantified road–stream connectivity as a function of fire severity and road segment characteristics. The data were collected one year after the High Park wildfire from 141 hydrologically distinct road segments along 6.8 km of an unpaved road west of Fort Collins, Colorado. Road segments below areas burned at high and moderate severity had significantly more rills than road segments below areas that burned at low severity. Road segment slope was an important control on the proportion of segment length with rills, and the strength of the relationship between road segment slope and the amount of rilling increased with burn severity. Flatter road segments tended to capture the sediment eroded from upslope burned areas. In areas burned at high and moderate severity all of the road segments had drainage features extending to a stream, and 78% of the segments in areas burned at low severity also were connected. These exceptionally high rates of road–stream connectivity are attributed to the increased runoff from upslope, the segment‐scale collection and funneling of hillslope and road surface runoff to a single drainage point, and the reduced infiltration and trapping capacity of the burned area below the road. The results show the need to either outslope the roads or increase the frequency of constructed drainage features after wildfires, particularly for steeper road segments in areas burned at high or moderate severity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
294.
This article deals with the cartometric analysis of various seventeenth-century urban maps of the city of Cadiz (Spain), from among which the so-called Vista Arámburu and the map belonging to the atlas of the Marquis of Heliche, discovered in the Krigsarkivet (Military Archive) of Stockholm, stand out for their uniqueness. These hitherto relatively unknown documents present evidence of an evolution of cartographic style towards greater topographic accuracy and hence cannot just be considered as simple drawings. In this seventeenth-century period of transition, the cartography of the city evolved from sixteenth-century aerial-view perspectives to the exhaustive planimetric maps of the eighteenth century, made by Spanish and French Military Corps of Engineers. These documents hold great historical value, not only due to the importance of Cadiz during the Modern Age but also because these maps constitute a graphic testimony of the fortification and growth of the city in this period. 相似文献
295.
Beatriz Ortega Gabriel Vázquez Margarita Caballero Isabel Israde Socorro Lozano-García Peter Schaaf Esperanza Torres 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2010,44(3):745-760
Geochemical data obtained from X-ray fluorescence, physical properties, total organic and inorganic carbon content (TOC/TIC),
and diatom analysis from a 6.61-m-long sedimentary sequence near the modern northern shore of Lake Zirahuen (101° 44′ W, 19°
26′ N, 2000 m asl) provide a reconstruction of lacustrine sedimentation during the last approximately 17 cal kyr BP. A time
scale is based on ten AMS 14C dates and by tephra layers from Jorullo (AD 1759-1764) and Paricutin (AD 1943-1952) volcanoes. The multiproxy analyses presented
in this study reveal abrupt changes in environmental and climatic conditions. The results are compared to the paleo-record
from nearby Lake Patzcuaro. Dry conditions and low lake level are inferred in the late Pleistocene until ca. 15 cal kyr BP,
followed by a slight but sustained increase in lake level, as well as a higher productivity, peaking at ca. 12.1 cal kyr BP.
This interpretation is consistent with several regional climatic reconstructions in central Mexico, but it is in opposition
to record from Lake Patzcuaro. A sediment hiatus bracketed between 12.1 and 7.2 cal kyr BP suggests a drop in lake level in
response to a dry early Holocene. A deeper, more eutrophic and turbid lake is recorded after 7.2 cal kyr BP. Lake level at
the coring site during the mid Holocene is considered the highest for the past 17 cal kyr BP. The emplacement of the La Magueyera
lava flows (LMLF), dated by thermoluminiscence at 6560 ± 950 year, may have reduced basin volume and contributed to the relative
deepening of the lake after 7.2 cal kyr BP. The late Holocene (after 3.9 cal kyr BP) climate is characterized by high instability.
Extensive erosion, lower lake levels, dry conditions and pulses of high sediment influx due to high rainfall are inferred
for this time. Further decrease in lake level and increased erosion are recorded after ca. AD 1050, at the peak of Purepechas
occupation (AD 1300–1521), and until the eighteenth century. Few lacustrine records extend back to the late Pleistocene—early
Holocene in central Mexico; this paper contributes to the understanding of late Pleistocene-Holocene paleoclimates in this
region. 相似文献
296.
Gabriel W. Pratt B. J. M. Hassall T. Naylor Janet H. Wood 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》1999,307(2):413-419
We present a phase-resolved ROSAT HRI X-ray light curve of the dwarf nova OY Car in quiescence. The X-ray flux is eclipsed at the same time as the optical eclipse of the primary, and the region of X-ray emission is comparable in size to the white dwarf. We use subsequent optical observations to update the orbital ephemeris of the system. 相似文献
297.
298.
Cuauhtemoc Franco Ochoa Edgar Mendoza Baldwin Rodolfo Silva Casarín Gabriel Ruiz Martínez 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2012,40(9):920-925
Pollution, habitat modification, and species migration are some of the results of human activities on natural environments which can be mitigated or compensated with proper planning. Irresponsibility or ignorance in planning coastal projects too often produces damage to natural systems which can be unpredictable and sometimes irrevocable. The specific site analyzed in this paper is the Cuautla littoral sub‐system which was originally a lagoon that diverted river water to other lagoons and estuaries, thus irrigating the Mexican Marismas Nacionales system, in the states of Nayarit and Sinaloa, Mexico. In the 1970s social and economic considerations motivated the construction of a small breaching canal from the sea to the lagoon. The subsequent growth of this channel was unforeseen and has produced an irreversible impact not only in the sub‐system but probably in the entire area of Marismas Nacionales. A lack of understanding of the present balances in the damaged system and of the impacts the changing morphology has on future change has created the need to study this area using numerical hydrodynamic simulation. The present distribution of water in the sub‐system was established and the governing processes were detected. By means of an analytical estimation of equilibrium conditions it was found that if nothing is done, the channel will continue eroding and the ecosystem will continue to degrade. Only by understanding the dramatic perturbations caused by the construction of the channel to the hydrologic and morphologic equilibriums can there be any hope of rescuing the ecosystem, including its human activities. 相似文献
299.
Links between bacterial communities in marine sediments and trace metal geochemistry as measured by in situ DET/DGT approaches 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Gillan DC Baeyens W Bechara R Billon G Denis K Grosjean P Leermakers M Lesven L Pede A Sabbe K Gao Y 《Marine pollution bulletin》2012,64(2):353-362
Our current view about the relationship between metals and bacteria in marine sediments might be biased because most studies only use ex situ approaches to quantify metals. The aim of the present research was to compare ex situ and in situ methods of metal measurement (DET and DGT--diffusive equilibration or diffusive gradients in thin-films) and relate the results with two commonly used microbiological variables (bacterial biomass and bacterial diversity as revealed by DGGE). No previous studies have used such in situ approaches in microbial ecology. For biomass and most of the investigated trace metals (Ag, Cd, Sn, Cr, Ni, Cu, Pb, and Al) no significant correlations were found. The exceptions were Fe, Mn, Co, and As which behave like micronutrients. For bacterial diversity, no relevant relationships were found. We conclude that in situ methods are more adapted tools for microbial ecologists but that ex situ approaches are still necessary. 相似文献
300.
Planform dynamics of the Iquitos anabranching structure in the Peruvian Upper Amazon River
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《地球表面变化过程与地形》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Alejandro Mendoza Jorge D. Abad Christian E. Frias Collin Ortals Jorge Paredes Hugo Montoro Jorge Vizcarra Cesar Simon Gabriel Soto‐Cortés 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2016,41(7):961-970
The upper reach of the Amazon River has a very dynamic morphology, with the highest rates of migration observed in the entire Amazon River. It has an anabranching channel pattern which alternates between a condition of single channel and anabranching structures; in particular, the anabranching structure near Iquitos City shows an interesting channel behavior. Its channels migrate at different rates, where there are processes of narrowing and widening, and also collision and development of new channels. The temporal evolution of the Iquitos anabranching structure is described during the period from 1985 to 2014. The study is carried out by using satellite images to track the migration patterns, which are contrasted to the underlying geological units in the valley. Bathymetry of the structure and several velocity transects were obtained during a field campaign prior to the 2012 historic flood event. This information allowed for numerical modeling in order to compute the hydrodynamic flow field that complements the temporal analysis, aiming to understand the planform migration patterns after the 2012 flood event. It is observed that the geological units play an important role in modulating the migration rates and planform development of the channels. The channels in the structure are in contention to be the main channel, which become the secondary channel after migration. This causes the channels to experience a rise in bed elevation and narrowing of the channel itself; if this trend continues for several more years, these channels will detach from the Iquitos anabranching structure, thus forming paleo‐channels. This geomorphic process is important for horizontal and vertical soil heterogeneity along the floodplain. In general, the analysis shows a complex interaction between the underlying geological units, flow structure, morphology of the bed and planform migration. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献