银鲳(Pampus argenteus)幼鱼饥饿前后侧囊及肝脏超微结构的变化

分别采用扫描和透射电镜, 观察了正常和饥饿5d银鲳(Pampus argenteus)幼鱼的食道侧囊及肝脏超微结构的变化。结果表明, 正常银鲳幼鱼侧囊内壁具有许多平均高度为800?m的乳突, 上有次级突起。乳突黏膜由复层扁平上皮构成, 上皮细胞表面有指纹状的微嵴, 有缓解上皮细胞的机械损伤作用; 银鲳肝脏具肝血窦、胆小管、狄氏窦等结构, 肝细胞排列较紧密, 内含丰富的细胞器和脂滴, 核仁大而明显, 线粒体数目多, 多分布在细胞核、内质网和狄氏窦周围。饥饿后, 侧囊乳突变低矮, 平均高度700?m, 乳突上黏膜变薄, 逐渐退缩, 次级突起顶端露出了尖刺状的角质刺; 肝细胞体积缩小, 核变小, 细胞器数目减少, 线粒体水肿, 粗面内质网数量显著降低, 脂滴数量降低, 这是银鲳幼鱼对饥饿的生理性防御。     

预修正快速傅里叶变换方法在波浪绕射和辐射问题中应用

在波浪对海上建筑物绕射和辐射问题的计算中,面元法被广泛使用,但由于传统面元法的存储量和计算量均为未知量的平方量级,很难满足大范围多未知量问题的计算需要。采用预修正快速傅里叶变换方法(pFFT方法),使计算量与存储量都降低到未知量的线性量级。以淹没圆球与漂浮圆柱两个典型算例为基础,通过不同未知量时pFFT方法与传统面元法的计算量与存储量的对比,以及pFFT方法自身各步骤计算时间的对比,研究了不同网格方案的选取对pFFT方法计算量和存储量的影响,推荐根据未知量个数采用计算时间最小化原则选取pFFT网格参数。     

Prediction of streamwise flow-induced vibration of a circular cylinder in the first instability range

The streamwise flow-induced vibration of a circular cylinder with symmetric vortex shedding in the first instability range is investigated, and a wake oscillator model for the dynamic response prediction is proposed. An approach is applied to calibrate the empirical parameters in the present model; the numerical and experimental results are compared to validate the proposed model. It can be found that the present prediction model is accurate and sufficiently simple to be easily applied in practice.     

洋山深水港区海域秋、冬季沉积物中重金属来源分析及生态风险评价(英文)

通过测定洋山深水港区海域2010~2013年6个航次秋、冬季沉积物中重金属含量,分析其时空差异,结果表明该海域沉积物重金属总体含量较低,空间分布较为均匀,Hg、Zn、Pb、Cd含量秋季明显高于冬季,As、Cu含量的季节性波动较小,用因子分析法研究该海域重金属来源,发现陆源工业、船舶航运排污以及有机质降解是研究海域Pb、Cd、Zn的主要来源;农业污染、码头货物装卸残留及建筑垃圾支配着Cu、As、Hg的来源。SQG-Q生态风险评价表明研究海域沉积物中重金属均存在中、低度的生态风险,秋季的生态风险高于冬季,Hg和Cu是主要生态风险因子;地累积指数法评价结果显示研究海域基本不受Hg、As、Zn、Pb的污染;Cd、Cu以轻度污染为主,部分站位属于偏中度污染,6种重金属污染程度依次为:CdCuPbZnHgAs。因子综合得分评价表明,重金属污染相对严重的站位依次为5号、4号及3号站位。但总体看来洋山深水港区附近海域沉积物中重金属污染状况属于轻度污染。     

潜水器在线绝缘检测方法研究

为了提高潜水器工作的安全性和可靠性,对潜水器的在线绝缘检测方法进行了研究。描述了无源检测法和有源检测法的工作原理,并基于有源检测法提出了绝缘检测对电气系统设计的要求,同时给出了绝缘故障的排查、定位和隔离方法。最后,通过在潜水器上的实际应用,验证了有源检测法的实用性和有效性。     

Succession of the Nanoplankton Community during a Brown Tide in a Scallop Culture Area in China

Ocean Science Journal - Brown tides caused by Aureococcus anophagefferens have occurred frequently in the coastal waters of Qinhuangdao since 2009. The Changli coast is the area most strongly...     

Genetic parameter estimation for juvenile growth and upper thermal tolerance in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus Linnaeus)

Twenty-six half-sib groups(53 full-sib families) of turbot, Scophthalmus maximus Linnaeus, were obtained by artificial insemination. We measured growth in the offspring(40–50 individuals/family) and subjected them to a thermal tolerance challenge over a period of 34 d. There was no significant difference in daily mortality(range: 0.580%–1.391%) between Days 1–13 during the thermal tolerance challenge. However, daily cumulative mortality increased rapidly between Days 14 and 29, especially on Days 15 and 16(20.232% and 34.377%, respectively). Mortality was highest on Day 16(14.145%). We estimated the genetic parameters using the average information restricted maximum likelihood method. We used a likelihood ratio test to evaluate the significance of effects in models with and without identity as an effect, and compared the final log-likelihoods(maximum log L). Lastly, we estimated phenotypic and genetic correlation between the upper thermal tolerance limit(UTT) and body weight(BW). In this study, the positive phenotypic correlation was low between UTT and BW(0.093±0.029). The genetic correlation between UTT and BW was negative(-0.044±0.239). The heritability for upper thermal tolerance was low(0.087±0.032), which is of approximately moderate heritability. The heritability for body weight was high(0.303±0.074). Our results suggest there is significant potential for improvement in the culture of turbot by selective breeding.     

表面粗糙对渤海海冰热红外辐射方向特征的影响研究

热红外遥感技术使大范围、快速地监测渤海海冰表面温度成为可能。然而,目前绝大多数遥感器都是小视场角的,只对海冰在某个方向上的辐射能量进行了测量。由于自然界的海冰大多数都是高低起伏的、不平坦的,如果近似地认为遥感像元尺度内各部分温度是相同的,有时会带来较大误差。在盛冰期的渤海辽东湾东岸固定冰区,分别用3D激光扫描仪、热红外成像仪和自计温度计测量了渤海海冰的表面形状、辐射亮温和真实温度。结果表明,由于海冰表面粗糙,会形成三维非同温像元。同时,也会导致传感器在粗糙海冰的各个部分的局部观测天顶角与整体观测天顶角有所不同,造成粗糙海冰与平整海冰的方向辐射特征有较大差异,平整海冰更接近理想平面,粗糙海冰更接近朗伯面。     

Warming and depth convergence of the Arctic Intermediate Water in the Canada Basin during 1985-2006

The warming of the Arctic Intermediate Water (AIW) is studied based on the analyses of hydrographic observations in the Canada Basin of the Arctic Ocean during 1985-2006. It is shown that how the anomalously warm AIW spreads in the Canada Basin during the observation time through the analysis of the AIW temperature spatial distribution in different periods. The results indicate that by 2006, the entire Canada Basin has almost been covered by the warming AIW. In order to study interannual variability of the AIW in the Canada Basin, the Canada Basin is divided into five regions according to the bottom topography. From the interannual variation of AIW temperature in each region, it is shown that a cooling period follows after the warming event in upstream regions. At the Chukchi Abyssal Plain and Chukchi Plateau, upstream of the Arctic Circumpolar Boundary Current (ACBC) in the Canada Basin, the AIW temperature reached maximum and then started to fall respectively in 2000 and 2002. However, the AIW in the Canada Abyssal Plain and Beaufort Sea continues to warm monotonically until the year 2006. Furthermore, it is revealed that there is convergence of the AIW depth in the five different regions of the Canada Basin when the AIW warming occurs during observation time. The difference of AIW depth between the five regions of the Canada Basin is getting smaller and smaller, all approaching 410 m in recent years. The results show that depth convergence is related to the variation of AIW potential density in the Canada Basin.