金矿立体地球化学探测模型与深部钻探验证

深部资源地球化学探测科学问题的的焦点是元素大深度垂向迁移机理和立体地球化学探测模型的建立.本文以胶东蚀变岩型金矿和贵州水银洞卡林型金矿钻孔岩芯和地表联合取样获得的数据,建立千米深度立体地球化学探测模型.蚀变岩型金矿立体地球化学模型显示,Au、S和Hg与金矿密切相关,分布模式既有相似性又有差异性,Au的立体几何分布模式兼具矿化剂元素S和远程指示元素Hg的双重特征,金异常和矿化剂元素硫与矿体倾斜方向一致,反映了成矿过程中流体沿控矿构造的轴向运移;金异常与类气体元素汞在垂向上一致,而且出现从矿体到地表的连续贯通式异常,反映了流体沿微裂隙和纳米孔的垂向迁移.卡林型金矿立体地球化学模型显示,Au、As、Sb、Hg、Tl和S在不整合面都显示高含量特征,与深部层状主矿体分布一致;在矿体上覆地层中都存在弱异常,显示了明显的成矿流体沿隐伏微小断裂垂向迁移特点;所不同的是Sb和Tl元素在不整合面附近显示了最高的元素含量,而Sb和Hg在近地表均显示了明显高的异常特征.立体几何模型清晰地显示了矿体的展布特征和范围,而且金及其伴生元素垂向迁移在地表形成清晰异常,为利用金及伴生元素和矿化剂元素进行深部矿体三维预测提供了重要依据,对指导深部金矿勘查发挥了重要作用.针对胶东蚀变岩型金矿地表完全被土壤覆盖区的穿透性地球化学微细粒级土壤采样,金属活动态提取分析圈定的异常,经深部钻探验证,胶东焦家成矿带五一村3200 m钻探,在2428.00~3234.16 m深度发现6层矿化体,其中高品位矿体位于2854 m深度;上宫金矿地表基岩出露,采集断层泥或裂隙岩石样品,可以清晰探测深部异常,经2000 m钻探,在1312 m处发现高品位金铅锌银矿体;贵州水银洞采集地表细粒级土壤,能够直接有效地揭示深部金矿体,经500~1500 m钻探验证,在300~1500 m深度新增金资源量203 t.     

四川西昌盆地白垩纪恐龙足迹群的新发现

四川西昌盆地白垩系小坝组尚未发现骨骼化石记录,其白垩系恐龙动物群的信息全赖于足迹化石。2017年,在喜德县洛甘发现小坝组迄今最大型的恐龙足迹群。该足迹点保存了大量的兽脚类足迹。足迹保存条件较差,但具备了基本的形态学特征。总体来看,兽脚类足迹具有尺寸较小(8~13cm),中等中趾前凹(0.5~0.6)和第Ⅱ趾和第Ⅳ趾间较宽趾间角(70°~100°)的特征;少量足迹保存了跖骨垫。初步分析认为,洛甘兽脚类足迹与四川盆地夹关组的兽脚类足迹Eubrontes和Grallator形态类型相似,为两地在白垩纪中期具有类似的恐龙动物群的观点提供了新的证据。该发现对于西昌盆地的古气候、古地理和地层对比都具有重要的意义,足迹详细分类还有待进一步研究。     

胶东地区望儿山断裂带成矿构造分析和找矿方向研究

通过望儿山断裂带构造控矿规律总结和成矿构造演化分析,建立区域构造成矿模式.望儿山断裂带构造控矿规律为:矿床在断裂带走向上呈似等间距分布;断裂带的上下盘均可成矿,矿体在断裂带中分布具有多层性;断裂带倾斜延深度大,控制矿体深度亦大;矿床在剖面上均呈“S”型产出,显示断裂成矿期具正向滑移性质;断裂带上各矿床矿体普遍向南西侧伏...     

江苏省里下河(兴化-泰州)地区浅表沉积物特征及古地理环境演变

里下河地区浅部沉积物多为全新世中、晚期堆积,多数地区缺失全新世早期沉积。沉积物以淤泥质亚粘土、亚粘土、亚砂土,粉砂质淤泥、淤泥质粉砂、淤泥及泥炭为特征。沉积前的古地貌为四周高、中间低的碟形盆地。古气候经历了温湿—暖湿—温湿—温干的变化过程。区内曾有两次海侵,第一次海侵发生在全新世早中期,范围几乎遍及全区;第二次海侵发生在全新世晚期,规模小、范围窄、时间短,为海水沿江河倒灌、回溯形起。该区古环境自全新世以来经历了浅水海湾—古泻湖—湖沼地及平原的演变过程,最终形成现今河湖稠密的低凹平原。     

公路桥涵台背回填稳定性极限分析上限解

运用塑性力学极限分析的上限定理,分析公路桥涵台背回填的稳定性问题。首先,由模型试验和数值分析结果确定回填区和地基的滑动模式;其次,根据位移协调条件建立滑动体的速度场,并计算各滑动楔块的位移速度;最后,运用虚功原理和优化算法寻找最不利滑动面位置,计算不同回填材料的土压力或临界填筑高度。研究发现：地基与回填材料的强度、性能以及加筋条件对台背回填稳定性的影响都非常显著。结果表明：增加地基与回填材料的强度,采用轻质回填材料,减小加筋间距和增加筋材强度,都有利于提高台背回填材料的稳定性。     

延边地区天宝山多金属矿田的流体特征与成矿模式

天宝山铅锌铜钼多金属矿田由新兴铅-锌矿床、东风铅-锌-铜-钼矿床和立山铜-铅-锌矿床组成,它们分别产在侏罗纪黑云母花岗闪长岩、闪长岩与古生代海相火山-沉积岩的接触带和岩体内部。矿床地质特征研究表明:新兴铅-锌矿床以石英硫化物充填胶结角砾岩筒矿体为特征,具有与中温岩浆热液矿床类似的蚀变特征;东风铅-锌-铜-钼矿床以发育浸染状硫化物、石英硫化物脉和辉钼矿石英脉为特征,具有接触交代热液矿床特征;立山铜-铅-锌矿床则以磁铁矿、方铅矿和闪锌矿等多金属硫化物矿化发育为特征,具有典型的接触交代矽卡岩型矿床特征。对主成矿阶段以及成矿晚阶段的脉石矿物石英流体包裹体研究揭示:新兴铅-锌矿床的石英-黄铁矿阶段、石英-闪锌矿-方铅矿-黄铜矿多金属硫化物阶段和石英-碳酸盐阶段对应的温度分别为270～340℃、190～260℃、130～160℃;盐度(w(NaCl))和密度分别为0.62%～9.86%和0.37～1.00g/cm3;压力为37.31～87.69MPa;激光拉曼光谱分析获得流体包裹体的成分主要为CO2、H2O,含有少量的CH4和N2。东风铅-锌-铜-钼矿床的石英-辉钼矿阶段、石英-闪锌矿-方铅矿-黄铜矿多金属硫化物阶段和石英-碳酸盐阶段对应的温度分别为280～337℃、200～260℃、101～190℃;盐度和密度分别为7.16%～23.95%和0.96～1.12g/cm3;压力为28.23～56.64MPa;激光拉曼光谱分析获得流体包裹体成分为H2O。立山铜-铅-锌矿床的磁铁矿-石英脉阶段、石英-方铅矿-闪锌矿-黄铜矿等多金属硫化物和石英-碳酸盐阶段对应的温度分别为210～240℃、170～200℃、126～160℃,盐度和密度分别为2.07%～9.47%和0.89～0.92g/cm3;压力为33.88～59.72 MPa;激光拉曼光谱分析获得流体包裹体成分为CO2和CH4。基于矿床地质特征、成矿流体性质和来源等方面的讨论,建立了天宝山多金属矿田的成矿模式。     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987114000668

Microbial diversity in the hydrate-containing (sites SH3B and SH7B) and-free (sites SH1B, SH5B, SH5C) sediments collected from the Shenhu area of the South China Sea (SCS) was investigated using 16S rR...     

Fluxes and sources of suspended organic matter in an estuarine turbidity maximum region during low discharge conditions

Water column concentrations of total suspended solids (TSS), particulate organic carbon (POC) and particulate nitrogen (PN) were measured at three different depths in four different locations bracketing the estuarine turbidity maximum (ETM) along the main channel of a temperate riverine estuary (Winyah Bay, South Carolina, USA). Measurements were carried out over full tidal cycle (over 24 h). Salinity, temperature, current magnitude and direction were also monitored at the same time throughout the water column. Tidally averaged net fluxes of salt, TSS, POC and PN were calculated by combining the current measurements with the concentration data. Under the extreme low river discharge conditions that characterized the study period, net landward fluxes of salt were measured in the lower part of the study area, suggesting that the landward transport through the main channel of the estuary was probably balanced by export out through the sides. In contrast, the net fluxes of salt in the upper reaches of the study area were near zero, indicating a closed salt balance in this part of the estuary. In contrast to salt, the net fluxes of TSS, POC and PN in the deeper parts of the water column were consistently landward at all four sites in Winyah Bay indicating the non-conservative behavior of particulate components and their active transport up the estuary in the region around the ETM.The carbon contents (%POC), carbon:nitrogen ratios (org[C:N]a) and stable carbon isotopic compositions (δ¹³C_POC) of the suspended particles varied significantly with depth, location and tidal stage. Tidally averaged compositions showed a significant increase up the estuary in the %POC and org[C:N]a values of suspended particles consistent with the preferential landward transport of carbon-rich particles with higher vascular plant debris content. The combination of tidal resuspension and flood-dominated flow appeared to be responsible for the hydrodynamic sorting of particles along the estuary that resulted in denser, organic-poor particles being transported landward less efficiently. The elemental and isotopic compositions indicated that vascular C₃ plants and estuarine algae were the major sources of the particulate organic matter of all the samples, without any significant contributions from salt marsh C₄ vegetation (Spartina alterniflora) and/or marine phytoplankton.     

消栓饮对创伤性深静脉血栓大兔Th1（CD4+TNF-α+）/Th2（CD4+IL-4+）亚群漂移的影响

目的：探讨Th1（CD4^{+TNF-α+）/Th2（CD4+IL-4+）亚群漂移在大兔创伤性深静脉血栓（DVT）形成中的作用及消栓饮的治疗机制。方法：将45只新西兰健康大兔分为空白组、假手术组、0.9%氯化钠注射液组、低分子肝素钠组、消栓饮组,每组各9只,采用直接钳夹静脉+双后肢石膏固定的方法制备创伤性DVT模型后进行给药,于第1、3、7天完成给药4h后,采用流式细胞术检测各组大兔Th1（CD4+TNF-α+）、Th2（CD4+IL-4+）的含量变化及Th1（CD4+TNF-α+）/Th2（CD4+IL-4+）值。结果：给药第1、3、7天0.9%氯化钠注射液组、低分子肝素钠组、消栓饮组的Th1（CD4+TNF-α+）比例、Th2（CD4+IL-4+）比例及Th1（CD4+TNF-α+）/Th2（CD4+IL-4+）值与同时间节点空白组、假手术组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;给药第3、7天低分子肝素钠组、消栓饮组的Th1（CD4+TNF-α+）比例、Th2（CD4+IL-4+）比例及Th1（CD4+TNF-α+）/Th2（CD4+IL-4+）值与0.9%氯化钠注射液组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05。结论：DVT形成过程中存在Th1（CD4+TNF-α+）/Th2（CD4+IL-4+）亚群动态平衡被打破;中药消栓饮可以通过干预Th1（CD4+TNF-α+）、Th2（CD4+IL-4+）含量变化,维持两者的平衡来达到治疗目的。}     

Effects of natural and calcined oyster shells on Cd and Pb immobilization in contaminated soils

In Korea, soils adjacent to abandoned mines are commonly contaminated by heavy metals present in mine tailings. Further, the disposal of oyster shell waste by oyster farm industries has been associated with serious environmental problems. In this study, we attempted to remediate cadmium (Cd)- and lead (Pb)-contaminated soils typical of those commonly found adjacent to abandoned mines using oyster shell waste as a soil stabilizer. Natural oyster shell powder (NOSP) and calcined oyster shell powder (COSP) were applied as soil amendments to immobilize Cd and Pb. The primary components of NOSP and COSP are calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) and calcium oxide (CaO), respectively. X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence and scanning electron microscope analyses conducted in this study revealed that the calcination of NOSP at 770°C converted the less reactive CaCO₃ to the more reactive CaO. The calcination process also decreased the sodium content in COSP, indicating that it was advantageous to use COSP as a liming material in agricultural soil. After 30 days of incubation, we found that the 0.1 N HCl-extractable Cd and Pb contents in soil decreased significantly as a result of an increase in the soil pH and the formation of metal hydroxides. COSP was more effective in immobilizing Cd and Pb in the contaminated soil than NOSP. Overall, the results of this study suggest that oyster shell waste can be recycled into an effective soil ameliorant.