青藏高原中东部水热条件与NDVI的空间分布格局

青藏高原受大气环流和地势格局的共同作用,水热条件及植被空间分布呈现独特的三维地带性特征。但是青藏高原范围广、地势起伏大,水热条件及植被空间分布具有明显区域差异。本文利用青藏高原中东部100个气象站1982²000年的降水、气温资料以及同期NO-AA AVHRR植被指数产品（NDVI）,分析水热条件及植被的空间分布特征。首先,设置经向、纬向海拔渐变样带,考察海拔对水热条件及NDVI空间分布的影响;然后,按500米海拔间隔进行站点分组,分析约束了海拔高差后的经纬位置对水热条件及NDVI空间分布的影响。研究表明:在青藏高原中东部由于海拔高差大,热量条件分布首先受海拔递减规律控制,其次才表现出因太阳辐射差异的纬度地带性;而降水分布则主要受水汽通道位置和方向的影响,北上水汽和东部偏南走向山脉是研究区降水经向特征的主要成因;指示植被状况的年均NDVI,则受水热组合的控制,其分布格局是二者的叠加与综合。     

Multi-year Simulations and Experimental Seasonal Predictions for Rainy Seasons in China by Using a Nested Regional Climate Model (RegCM_NCC). Part Ⅰ: Sensitivity Study

A modified version of the NCAR/RegCM2 has been developed at the National Climate Center (NCC), China Meteorological Administration, through a series of sensitivity experiments and multi-year simulations and hindcasts, with a special emphasis on the adequate choice of physical parameterization schemes suitable for the East Asian monsoon climate. This regional climate model is nested with the NCC/IAP (Institute of Atmospheric Physics) T63 coupled GCM to make an experimental seasonal prediction for China and East Asia. The four-year (2001 to 2004) prediction results are encouraging. This paper is the first part of a two-part paper, and it mainly describes the sensitivity study of the physical process parameterization represented in the model. The systematic errors produced by the different physical parameterization schemes such as the land surface processes, convective precipitation, cloud-radiation transfer process, boundary layer process and large-scale terrain features have been identified based on multi-year and extreme flooding event simulations. A number of comparative experiments has shown that the mass flux scheme (MFS) and Betts-Miller scheme (BM) for convective precipitation, the LPMI (land surface process model I) and LPMII (land surface process model Ⅱ) for the land surface process, the CCM3 radiation transfer scheme for cloud-radiation transfer processes, the TKE (turbulent kinetic energy) scheme for the boundary layer processes and the topography treatment schemes for the Tibetan Plateau are suitable for simulations and prediction of the East Asia monsoon climate in rainy seasons. Based on the above sensitivity study, a modified version of the RegCM2 (RegCM_NCC) has been set up for climate simulations and seasonal predictions.     

用曲面Spline方法表示1900～1936年中国(部分地区)地磁场及其长期变化的分布

根据19360年426个地磁测点和28个IGRF计算的地磁数据,计算地磁场和地磁异常场各个分量的曲面Spline模型,并绘制相应的地磁图和地磁异常图.依据我国部分地区的1909～1915,1915～1920,1920～1930,1930～1936年间地磁偏角长期变化图,1908～1917,1917～1922,1922～1936年间水平强度长期变化图和1908～1922,1922～1936年间垂直强度长期变化图,使用曲面Spline方法,分别计算上述9个时间段的磁偏角（D）、水平强度（H）和垂直强度（Z）长期变化的曲面Spline模型,并绘制相应的长期变化图.根据这些长期变化模型,将19360年426个点的三分量绝对值数据归算至1940,1930,1920,1910年和1900年,从而为计算这5个年代的地磁场模型奠定了坚实的基础.     

三参数小波及其在地震资料分析中的应用

提出了一类含有三个可调参数的分析小波（称为三参数小波）,通过选择这三个参数,可使其最适合于所给定的问题．Morlet小波及改进的Morlet小波是其特例．通过对三参数小波中的参数加以约束,可以获得一类新的近似解析小波．论证了通过恰当的选择参数,三参数小波不仅适合于分析包含慢变频率和振幅分量的信号,而且也适合于包含快变分量的信号．以三参数小波为分析小波,提出了一种用于薄互层地震资料分析的方法．该方法能够刻画薄互层的沉积旋回,也能研究薄互层内部的局部结构,并采用模型资料验证了方法的有效性．     

矿震成核过程的公里尺度研究

成核过程是地震机理研究的重要部分.通过岩石实验、高温高压和数值模拟认为,地震成核的临界尺度为大地震总破裂长度的十分之一,一般为10~20 km左右;地震成核时间从年到秒、甚至毫秒.本文利用山东省宁阳县华丰煤矿立体台网的岩爆观测,进行了公里尺度的破裂成核过程实验研究.通过对华丰煤矿1995年2月~1996年5月期间的地脉动记录和12000次小震记录资料的分析,计算了它们的地脉动、S波和P波振幅比以及S波波峰的到时差,得到ML=2.9矿震的成核时间为50天,成核临界尺度为5 km.     

长春地区地表温度日变、年变对地温测量的影响

通过实地观测试验,并采用傅里叶分析法进行理论分析,来研究长春地区地表温度日变、年变对地温测量的影响规律及影响深度,为在长春地区利用浅层地温测量方法研究地质问题提供重要参数信息.地温变化幅度随深度作指数衰减,衰减系数与地表温度周期、热扩散率有关.     

关于井炮激发参数优化设计的思考

利用正演模拟的手段进行分析,对影响井炮激发的不同影响因素展开分析,结合对炸药特征阻抗与围岩的阻抗匹配系数、炸药几何耦合系数、激发药量、井深等方面进行分析,对井炮激发参数进行优化设计.通过优化设计,寻求有效提高地震子波品质的方法.结合实际的地震地质条件和地震勘探目标,设计最佳的井炮激发参数,提高地震勘探的效益.     

青藏高原羌塘盆地二维地震数据采集方法试验研究

羌塘盆地地表地质条件复杂,地震资料信噪比低,取得高质量的地震剖面存在很大困难。为了改善这一问题,我们通过50km长的二维反射地震试验剖面,初步探索出一套适用于羌塘地区地震资料采集的方法技术。研究对比表明,合理加大接收排列,采用有效深井、药量,添加适当大炮与适当延长记录长度等措施能够在该地区获得较丰富的地下反射信息。从试验处理的剖面看,该施工方式是合理的、有效的。     

Report on 34 Ga SHRIMP Zircon Age from the Yuntaishan Geopark in Jiaozuo, Henan Province

1 Introduction According to recent researches, the North China Craton consists of three parts: the eastern block, western block and central zone (Zhao, 2001; Wilde et al., 2002). Paleoarchean continental blocks and zircon residuals have only been found in a few regions, such as Anshan, East Liaoning (Liu et al., 1992; Song et al., 1996; Wan et al., 2002, 2005), Caozhuang, East Hebei (Liu et al., 1992) and Xinyang, West Henan (Zheng et al., 2004), which are mainly distributed in the east…     

On the Systematic Position of Eosipterus yangi Ji et Ji, 1997 among Pterodactyloids

1 Introduction Eosipterus yangi is the first pterosaur found from western Liaoning Province (Ji and Ji, 1997). Since then, more and more pterosaurs have been reported (Ji and Ji, 1998; Wang and Lü, 2001; Wang et al., 2002, 2005; Wang and Zhou, 2003, 2004; Lü, 2003; Ji et al., 2004; Lü and Ji, 2005a, b; Dong and Lü, 2005; Lü and Yuan, 2005; Lü and Zhang, 2005; Lü et al., 2006). Because Eosipterus yangi lacks skull, it is difficult to resolve its relationships to other pterodact…