七带石斑鱼胚体和卵黄囊期仔鱼的发育

本实验对七带石斑鱼胚体、卵黄囊期仔鱼形态发育的过程进行观察,研究其发育特征.结果表明:(1)七带石斑鱼受精卵在水温会(27.77±1.05)℃,盐度32条件下,胚胎发育从胚体形成至孵出仔鱼历时约22h 10min.(2)仔鱼卵黄囊在孵化2d后消失,油球消失于孵化后第6 d,卵黄囊依照先卵黄、后油球的顺序被吸收.吸收速度为先快后慢.(3)初孵仔鱼在孵化后一天时间内生长迅速.之后速度减缓.(4)仔鱼的营养可概括为内源性营养一混合营养一外源性营养阶段.     

海州湾潮间带大型底栖动物的分布特征

于2002年6月对海州湾3种底质的潮间带底栖动物进行了采样分析.结果显示,该区被鉴定出的大型底栖动物共有98种,其中多毛类为13种、软体动物为53种、甲壳类为25种、棘皮动物为2种、其它类动物为5种,软体动物和甲壳类的种类可占80%;该区潮间带大型底栖动物的平均生物量和平均栖息密度分别为257.30 g/m2和953个/m2,软体动物生物量(201.19 g/m2)和栖息密度(727 个/m2)分别占总数的78%和76%.经底栖动物种类相似性聚类分析和多维尺度排序,可将该区潮间带大型底栖动物划分为岩礁、沙滩和泥沙滩3个群落.通过对3个底栖动物群落的生态特征及相关环境因子分析得出:对于种类,泥沙滩群落 > 岩礁群落 > 沙滩群落;对于生物量、息栖密度、多样性指数和均匀度指数,岩礁群落 > 泥沙滩群落 > 沙滩群落;泥沙滩群落中的TE断面优势种分布显著而使多样性指数和均匀度指数明显低于其它两条泥沙滩断面.沙滩群落和岩礁群落的底栖动物分布分别与海水浴场和货运码头较多的人为活动影响有关,而泥沙滩群落的分布差异主要与海岸开敞度、海流潮汐作用、滩涂贝类养殖及优势种分布影响有关.泥沙滩是该区经济贝类的重要养殖场所,为使养殖种类健康生长,建议对沿岸排污口水质及养殖区沉积物环境质量进行定期监测.     

余氯对鱼类毒性影响的研究进展

综述了国内外余氯对鱼类急性、亚急性毒性效应及其毒性机理等方面的研究进展,结合我国沿海电厂余氯排放与邻近海域鱼类养殖生产现状,探讨了余氯对鱼类毒理学研究存在的问题,指出了需结合冷却水的温升作用,进一步考察冷却系统氯处理对鱼类早期生命阶段(受精卵、胚胎和仔稚鱼)的毒性效应,同时还应加强余氯对鱼类长期毒性影响的研究,为我国制订企业冷却水加氯和余氯浓度的排放标准提供参考.     

莱州湾南岸海水入侵现状评价

根据莱州湾南岸海水入侵区地下水水质特点,将海水入侵等级划分为4级。同时,选取Cl^-,矿化度,SO4^2-,rHCO3^-/rCl^-,K^-等指标作为评价因子,并分别确定了这5项指标的等级划分范围。然后,运用模糊数学的综合评判方法,对研究区内海水入侵现状做出评价。     

一种用于下放式ADCP的TVC增益补偿控制策略

讨论了下放式ADCP信号接收过程中的TVC增益补偿控制策略.结合下放式ADCP的工作特点,从能量节约的角度采取了同时测底测流的工作模式.针对此种工作模式,提出了按区间分段的TVC增益补偿控制策略.通过声呐方程和TVC距离一增益模型分析,进行了MATLAB仿真验证,并针对可能出现的问题,提出了以相关函数等效电压作为判据的解决方法.     

视频数据库技术在大洋资源调查中的应用研究

在我国近年的大洋科学考察中,深海摄像作业作为重要的可视化调查手段之一,在大洋结核、结壳、热液硫化物以及天然气水合物调查中发挥了重要作用,每年航次均取得近百小时的视像资料数据,海量的视频数据包含了大量的地质信息,如何管理获得的大量视像数据以及如何检索、分析、利用这些数据资源,直接关系到航次获得的视像数据在大洋资源评价中的意义和价值.文中从视像数据的特点出发,结合多媒体技术的开发特点,阐述了我国大洋摄像视频数据库的建立、实施技术方案,以达到与同行的技术沟通,提高我国视频数据库技术在大洋调查中的应用效果.     

Hybrids between olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus and stone flounder Kareius bicoloratus: karyotype, allozyme and RAPD analyses

The hybrid between olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus and stone flounder Kareius bicoloratus was produced by artificial insemination of olive flounder eggs with stone flounder Sperm. Sinistral and dextral are two types of hybrid progeny after metamorphosis. Karyotypes of both hybrid flounders are the same as those of the two parental species. Of the 22 loci examined from 12 allozymes,12 confirmed hybridization of the paternal and matemal loci in hybrids and no difference was found in allozyme patterns of sinistral and dextral hybrid fishes. RAPD patterns of these specimens were also studied with 38 primers selected from 104 tested. Among them, the PCR products of 30 primers showed hybridization of the paternal and maternal bands. Genetic variation between hybrids and their parental stocks was analyzed by RAPD using 10 of the above 38 primers. The average heterozygosity and genetic distance were calculated. The results suggested that the filial generation could inherit a little more genetic materials from paternal fish than that from maternal fish.     

The selection of alkaline protease-producing yeasts fi＇om marine environments and evaluation of their bioactive peptide production

A total of 400 yeast strains from seawater, sediments, saltern mud, marine fish guts, and marine algae were obtained. The protease activity of the yeast cultures was estimated, after which four strains (HN3.11, N11b, YF04C and HN4.9) capable of secreting extracellular alkaline protease were isolated. The isolated strains were identified as Aureobasidium pullulans, Yarrowia lipolytica, Issatchenkia orientalis and Cryptococcus cf. aureus. The optimal pH of the protease activity produced by strains HN3.11, YF04C, and HN4.9 was 9.0, while that of the protease produced by strain N11b was 10.0. The optimal temperature for protease activity was 45°C for strains HN3.11, N11b, and YF04C, and 50°C for strain HN4.9. After digestion of shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) protein and spirulina (Arthospira platensis) protein with the four crude alkaline proteases, the filtrate from spirulina (Arthrospira platensis) powder digested by the crude alkaline protease of strain HN3.11 was found to have the highest antioxidant activity (61.4%) and the highest angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory activities (68.4%). The other filtrates had much lower antioxidant activity and ACE-inhibitory activities.     

基于MGIS与MODIS SST数据的黑潮海表温度锋特征分析

本文利用我国自主研发的海洋地理信息系统软件MaXplorer,以黑潮为例,阐述了基于过程的海洋形态特征提取方法,利用VC++,对MODIS水星SST时间序列数据进行海表温度锋抽取,并分析了2003年东海黑潮表层温度锋位置的季节性变迁。结果表明,东海黑潮表层温度锋位置的季节性变化不大,只是在台湾东北部海域和北纬30°附近海域季节性变化比较活跃,由于夏季东海表层水温比较均匀,基本保持在28℃以上,温度锋位置难以确定。其他3个季节温度锋的位置由于受海底地形的影响,基本保持在200m等深线附近的陆坡区,而在台湾岛东北部有一个明显的先是气旋,后是反气旋的弯曲,冬季的温度锋位置相对稍偏东,秋季的温度锋路线比较曲折。     

浅谈计算机技术在煤矿储量估算中的应用

介绍了在煤矿储量估算中应用Microsoft Excel制作各种表格及计算,同时应用MAPGIS软件直接绘制储量估算图,提高图件的精度及节省绘制图件的时间。