宁夏河东沙地不同坡度柠条锦鸡儿（Caragana korshinskii）水分利用策略差异

为探讨全球气候变化背景下多元线性混合模型（IsoSource）和贝叶斯混合模型（MixSIAR）解析宁夏河东沙地柠条锦鸡儿（Caragana korshinskii）水分利用策略差异及适用性,利用氢氧稳定同位素技术,结合直接对比法、IsoSource模型和MixSIAR模型对比分析不同坡度（6°、10°、16°和24°）样地柠条锦鸡儿在生长季不同时期对各潜在水源的利用率,并评估两种模型的植物水分溯源效果。结果表明：柠条锦鸡儿对不同土层深度土壤水的利用存在明显的季节性差异,生长季初期,随着坡度的增大,柠条锦鸡儿对中层土壤水的利用率呈现出先增大后减小的趋势;生长季中期,随坡度增大,柠条锦鸡儿主要水分来源由深层土壤转移至浅层土壤;生长季后期,柠条锦鸡儿主要水分来源随着坡度的增大由浅层土壤转移至深层土壤。基于直接对比法的定性判断结果,IsoSource模型和MixSIAR模型计算坡度6°、10°和16°样地柠条锦鸡儿主要水分来源利用率的适用性均较高;而Mix-SIAR模型计算坡度24°样地柠条锦鸡儿主要的水分来源以及其贡献率具有更高的可靠性。Iso-Source模型更适合解析较小坡度（6°和1...     

台风"碧利斯"的结构与江西暴雨诊断分析

利用T213资料、自动气象站加密资料和常规观测资料等,研究分析了0604号台风“碧利斯“的环流背景、移动路径、内部结构和外围暴雨的分布特征,并将其与0505号台风“海棠“、0513号台风“泰利“、0414号台风“云娜“,进行了对比分析.研究结果表明,台风暴雨与台风环流场、热力场的不对称有关,并不一定总是集中在环流中心附近.无论是对称结构,还是非对称结构,降水中心都与强对流云带位置相对应.“碧利斯“先西北行后向西折的路径,主要是受强大稳定的副热带高压引导,并表现为明显的不对称结构,东侧、南侧的积云对流较为旺盛,降水主要集中在移动路径的第三象限;850 hPa台风环流场表现为南部环流强盛,南海季风为西南急流的稳定维持提供了充沛的水汽条件;局地地形激发深厚的上升运动,进而产生庐山和赣南南部山区的大暴雨天气;垂直运动、散度、涡度、水汽通量、假相当位温等各物理量场,均与外围暴雨区有较好的对应关系.     

A Nonlinear Representation of Model Uncertainty in a Convective-Scale Ensemble Prediction System

How to accurately address model uncertainties with consideration of the rapid nonlinear error growth characteristics in a convection-allowing system is a crucial issue for performing convection-scale ensemble forecasts. In this study, a new nonlinear model perturbation technique for convective-scale ensemble forecasts is developed to consider a nonlinear representation of model errors in the Global and Regional Assimilation and Prediction Enhanced System(GRAPES)Convection-Allowing Ensemble Predi...     

A Sensitivity Study of Arctic Ice-Ocean Heat Exchange to the Three-Equation Boundary Condition Parametrization in CICE6

In this study, we perform a stand-alone sensitivity study using the Los Alamos Sea ice model version 6(CICE6) to investigate the model sensitivity to two Ice-Ocean(IO) boundary condition approaches. One is the two-equation approach that treats the freezing temperature as a function of the ocean mixed layer(ML) salinity, using two equations to parametrize the IO heat exchanges. Another approach uses the salinity of the IO interface to define the actual freezing temperature, so an equation describ...     

泛北极多年冻土及重大线性工程稳定性状况

泛北极是中国"一带一路"倡议的主要合作示范区域,已有的重大线性工程及新的基础设施建设均面临着与多年冻土相关的冻融灾害及工程病害问题.在全球气候变暖及人类活动增强的背景下,泛北极多年冻土主要呈现地温升高、活动层厚度增加趋势,且低温多年冻土地温升高更加明显,20世纪70年代以来年平均地温(MAGT)升温最高可达3℃;自北向...     

阿拉伯海上层海温的双峰特征

利用全球海洋Argo网格数据集、SODA月平均海洋数据集和CCMP风场数据,通过EOF分析,揭示了阿拉伯海5、50、100、200 m层海温全年2次增温、2次降温的双峰变化特征.结果表明,5 m层温度变化双峰信号出现在第一模态,其方差贡献率为75.79%,该信号主要受风场、太阳辐射及风生环流影响;50 m层温度变化双峰信号出现在第三模态,其方差贡献率为11.95%,该信号主要受风生环流影响;100 m层温度变化双峰信号出现在第一模态和第三模态,其中第一模态方差贡献率为52.03%,第三模态方差贡献率为9.55%.由100 m层第一模态可知,100 m层温度变化幅度最大、变化范围最广,是由于100 m层处于海洋温度变化最为剧烈的温跃层中.100 m层海温变化主要受风应力旋度(方向:向上为正)影响,风应力旋度为负时,大气对海洋的强迫导致局地海水辐合,温跃层加深,100 m层部分海域温度升高;风应力旋度为正时,大气对海洋的抽吸导致局地海水辐散,海洋深处的冷水上升,100 m层部分海域温度降低.     

危害我国红树林的团水虱的生物学特征

近些年来,团水虱(Sphaeroma spp.)在红树林生态系统中的持续爆发已成为天然和人工红树林遭受破坏的主要原因之一,在我国海南、广东和广西都有不同程度的发生.目前国内有关红树林湿地团水虱的生物学特征研究较少,而明确团水虱的生物学特征是研发其防控技术的重要依据.本研究通过文献查阅和实地调查,总结了团水虱危害中国红树林的现状,团水虱的种类、分布和生活史,以及繁殖和聚集的季节、繁殖方式、营养物质偏好等,以期为团水虱的防控提供理论和技术方面的支撑.     

Classification of stellar spectra with SVM based on within-class scatter and between-class scatter

Support Vector Machine (SVM) is a popular data mining technique, and it has been widely applied in astronomical tasks, especially in stellar spectra classification. Since SVM doesn’t take the data distribution into consideration, and therefore, its classification efficiencies can’t be greatly improved. Meanwhile, SVM ignores the internal information of the training dataset, such as the within-class structure and between-class structure. In view of this, we propose a new classification algorithm-SVM based on Within-Class Scatter and Between-Class Scatter (WBS-SVM) in this paper. WBS-SVM tries to find an optimal hyperplane to separate two classes. The difference is that it incorporates minimum within-class scatter and maximum between-class scatter in Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) into SVM. These two scatters represent the distributions of the training dataset, and the optimization of WBS-SVM ensures the samples in the same class are as close as possible and the samples in different classes are as far as possible. Experiments on the K-, F-, G-type stellar spectra from Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), Data Release 8 show that our proposed WBS-SVM can greatly improve the classification accuracies.     

鲁西大汶口地区全新世临沂组沉积物粒度分布特征及地质意义

出露于大汶口盆地的临沂组为一套第四系松散堆积物,上部以土黄色、灰黄色含砂质粉砂、粉砂质粘土为主,下部为砂砾石层,是大汶口盆地内河流演化过程中的沉积响应和物质记录。通过对临沂组进行研究,可以反演大汶口盆地第四纪以来的沉积区水动力环境、物质运移方式和沉积环境。该文在区域地质调查工作的基础上,结合粒度分析频率曲线、概率累积曲线、粒度参数和沉积物宏观特征,对临沂组的沉积相、沉积环境和沉积韵律进行了研究。研究表明,大汶口地区临沂组下部为河床亚相边滩沉积微相,上部为河漫亚相河漫滩沉积微相,经历了由简单高能→复杂中能-中低能→简单中低能→复杂中低能的水动力沉积环境变化。另外依据岩石组合特征,将其划分为4个明显的沉积韵律和1个不明显的沉积韵律组。     

中国南海北部珠江口-琼东南盆地钻井岩屑地球化学特征及深水区天然气聚集特征

The Qiongdongnan Basin and Zhujiang River(Pearl River) Mouth Basin, important petroliferous basins in the northern South China Sea, contain abundant oil and gas resource. In this study, on basis of discussing impact of oil-base mud on TOC content and Rock-Eval parameters of cutting shale samples, the authors did comprehensive analysis of source rock quality, thermal evolution and control effect of source rock in gas accumulation of the Qiongdongnan and the Zhujiang River Mouth Basins. The contrast analysis of TOC contents and Rock-Eval parameters before and after extraction for cutting shale samples indicates that except for a weaker impact on Rock-Eval parameter S_2, oil-base mud has certain impact on Rock-Eval S_1, Tmax and TOC contents. When concerning oil-base mud influence on source rock geochemistry parameters, the shales in the Yacheng/Enping,Lingshui/Zhuhai and Sanya/Zhuhai Formations have mainly Type Ⅱ and Ⅲ organic matter with better gas potential and oil potential. The thermal evolution analysis suggests that the depth interval of the oil window is between 3 000 m and 5 000 m. Source rocks in the deepwater area have generated abundant gas mainly due to the late stage of the oil window and the high-supper mature stage. Gas reservoir formation condition analysis made clear that the source rock is the primary factor and fault is a necessary condition for gas accumulation. Spatial coupling of source, fault and reservoir is essential for gas accumulation and the inside of hydrocarbon-generating sag is future potential gas exploration area.