全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1433篇 |
免费 | 87篇 |
国内免费 | 341篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 60篇 |
大气科学 | 148篇 |
地球物理 | 624篇 |
地质学 | 581篇 |
海洋学 | 193篇 |
天文学 | 69篇 |
综合类 | 55篇 |
自然地理 | 131篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 10篇 |
2022年 | 18篇 |
2021年 | 15篇 |
2020年 | 30篇 |
2019年 | 12篇 |
2018年 | 23篇 |
2017年 | 9篇 |
2016年 | 11篇 |
2015年 | 16篇 |
2014年 | 31篇 |
2013年 | 28篇 |
2012年 | 72篇 |
2011年 | 107篇 |
2010年 | 33篇 |
2009年 | 38篇 |
2008年 | 83篇 |
2007年 | 75篇 |
2006年 | 80篇 |
2005年 | 82篇 |
2004年 | 86篇 |
2003年 | 43篇 |
2002年 | 57篇 |
2001年 | 47篇 |
2000年 | 63篇 |
1999年 | 31篇 |
1998年 | 39篇 |
1997年 | 35篇 |
1996年 | 41篇 |
1995年 | 40篇 |
1994年 | 43篇 |
1993年 | 42篇 |
1992年 | 46篇 |
1991年 | 72篇 |
1990年 | 51篇 |
1989年 | 80篇 |
1988年 | 46篇 |
1987年 | 30篇 |
1986年 | 27篇 |
1985年 | 27篇 |
1984年 | 31篇 |
1983年 | 18篇 |
1982年 | 16篇 |
1981年 | 10篇 |
1980年 | 17篇 |
1964年 | 5篇 |
1935年 | 5篇 |
1934年 | 4篇 |
1926年 | 3篇 |
1925年 | 3篇 |
1924年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有1861条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
421.
1996年大陆钻探进展GrantHeiken等地球物理调查和大洋钻探主导了20世纪下半叶的固体地球科学革命。一项针对大陆研究的钻探计划已经确定下来。1974年的GhostRanch研讨会为确定这项科学钻探计划进行了有益的探讨。过去20年的研究对象是地... 相似文献
422.
The mussel Brachidontes pharaonis, which invaded the Mediterranean from the Red Sea about 120 years ago, has recently become abundant in many midlittoral and some infralittoral rocky habitats along the Israeli rocky shore. We investigated the influence of B. pharaonis, as a novel prey, on the foraging patterns of the large whelk Stramonita haemastoma in the field, and examined food preferences in the laboratory. S. haemastoma has shifted from indigenous species to feeding on the novel mussel when abundant. The whelk prefers to prey upon the invasive mussel over all indigenous species offered (e.g. barnacles and mussels), probably due to its larger size. In the midlittoral zone, the foraging activity of S. haemastoma is considerably low even where refuges are readily available (incisioned-rocks) and food density is high (mainly B. pharaonis). Higher proportions of whelks are actively foraging in the infralittoral zone but usually on smaller prey, mostly barnacles. We suggest that this differential foraging activity in the two zones is related to the degree of exposure to wave action. The midlittoral is inherently more exposed to wave action than the infralittoral, where sea conditions are more benign and the whelks may enjoy longer activity periods. 相似文献
423.
荧光法遥感海面叶绿素浓度的波段选择研究 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
本文从荧光波段范围内的大气效应出发,提出了可能应用于荧光法遥感海面叶绿素浓度的波段。并且用同一高度的航空遥感资料建立了荧光线高度值随波段中心位置和带宽变化的定量线性模式。其次,通过对不同度的航空遥感资料分析,提出了最佳波段选择的判别式。最后得到了两组最佳波段,基本上能满足遥感海面叶绿素α(文中简称叶绿素浓度)的使用要求。 相似文献
424.
Fillmann G Watson GM Francioni E Readman JW Depledge MH 《Marine environmental research》2002,54(3-5):823-828
Urine and haemolymph can be repeatedly sampled from crabs with no (or limited) damage to the organism. Their analysis offers a measure of the animals' exposure to biologically available contaminants. Shore crabs (Carcinus maenas) were exposed to the PAHs phenanthrene and pyrene at concentrations ranging from 20 to 200 microg l(-1). After 48 h, urine and haemolymph samples were taken and analysed using ELISA and UV-fluorescence spectrophotometry. High correlations were recorded between the two sets of results from the urine analyses (r2 = 0.83 for phenanthrene and r2 = 0.88 for pyrene). Contaminant concentrations were much lower in haemolymph than in the urine. Analyses of urine taken from crabs collected from clean and contaminated sites confirm the suitability of these analyses for environmentally exposed organisms. Again, a good correlation was recorded between the ELISA and spectrofluorimetric analysis (r2 = 0.83). In this instance, difficulties were experienced with haemolymph analyses owing to a lack of sensitivity. 相似文献
425.
Petihakis G Triantafyllou G Pollani A Koliou A Theodorou A 《Marine environmental research》2005,59(5):493-518
The Pagasitikos gulf ecosystem is studied through the analysis of experimental field data acquired during several monitoring projects and the application of a complex biogeochemical model. The gulf was separated into three different parts (internal, top central-external, bottom central-external) according to the patterns exhibited by the key ecosystem indicators. Unlike other semi-enclosed gulfs Pagasitikos can be characterised as meso-oligotrophic undergoing periods of P or N limitation. Although the signal of nutrient inputs is not very clear in the field data, their importance is assessed through simulation. Increased phosphate concentrations either due to mixing or due to anthropogenic activities can result in phytoplanktonic blooms with significant contribution by diatoms. The effect of hydrodynamic patterns on primary production has been demonstrated through ecosystem modeling indicating that due to long stratification periods, all nutrients released through the benthic regeneration are trapped in the deeper layers, developing a microbial food web. However when the thermocline erodes nutrients find their way up in the upper layers of the euphotic zone and the system turns into more classical type with primary producers growing significantly faster. 相似文献
426.
Juveniles of the dendrobranchiate decapod Penaeus indicus take up radiolabelled cadmium from solution over the exposure concentration range of 1.8-31.5 microg L(-1), with an uptake rate constant of 0.090 L g(-1)d(-1) at 15 salinity and 25 degrees C. New cadmium taken up is added to the existing cadmium content of the prawn with no significant excretion, and the rate of accumulation of radiolabelled cadmium is a measure of the absolute cadmium uptake rate from solution. Moulting had no significant effect on the accumulation of cadmium. Newly accumulated cadmium is distributed to all organs with the highest proportions of body content being found in the hepatopancreas, exoskeleton, gills and remaining soft tissues, the hepatopancreas and gills containing the highest labelled cadmium concentrations. Like other crustaceans, penaeid prawns inhabiting anthropogenically contaminated coastal waters with raised cadmium bioavailabilities can be expected to contain raised body concentrations of cadmium. Cadmium concentrations of most field-collected adult penaeids are relatively low, as a probable consequence of the growth dilution of their cadmium contents as a result of the rapid growth rates of penaeid prawns. 相似文献
427.
We report on biomarker responses conducted as part of a multi-level assessment of the chronic toxicity of estuarine sediments to the amphipod Gammarus locusta. A companion article accounts for organism and population-level effects. Five moderately contaminated sediments from two Portuguese estuaries, Sado and Tagus, were assessed. Three of them were muddy and two were sandy sediments. The objective was to assess sediments that were not acutely toxic. Three of the sediments met this criterion, the other two were diluted (50% and 75%) with clean sediment until acute toxicity was absent. Following 28-d exposures, the amphipods were analysed for whole-body metal bioaccumulation, metallothionein induction (MT), DNA strand breakage (SB) and lipid peroxidation (LP). Two of the muddy sediments did not cause chronic toxicity. These findings were consistent with responses at organism and population levels that showed higher growth rates and improvement of reproductive traits for amphipods exposed to these two sediments. Two other sediments, one muddy and one sandy, exhibited pronounced chronic toxicity, affecting SB, MT induction (in muddy sediment), survival and reproduction. Potential toxicants involved in these effects were identified. The last sandy sediment exhibited some loss of DNA integrity, however growth was also enhanced. Present results, together with the organism/population-level data, and also benthic communities information, were analysed under a weight-of-evidence approach. By providing evidence of exposure (or lack of it) to contaminants in sediments, the biomarkers here applied assisted in distinguishing toxicants' impacts in test organisms from the confounding influence of other geochemical features of the sediments. 相似文献
428.
人们对于白垩纪—第三纪边界契克苏卢博撞击事件的真实性是普遍接受的 ,然而 ,对于其古环境和古海洋影响仍存在争议。在发现契克苏卢博撞击坑以前 ,K—T界 87Sr/86Sr比值的变化被作为支持撞击假说的依据 ,此后被用于推测撞击事件对大陆风化作用的影响。根据生物地层学 ,87Sr/86Sr结果用于讨论有争议的高纬度地区 ,K—T后出现的白垩纪有孔虫的最佳解释是再沉积 ,而不是残存。然而 ,多项研究表明 ,此边界 87Sr/86Sr比值的变化模式明显不同。为了更好地证明K—T边界海水 87Sr/86Sr的演化和准确确定… 相似文献
429.
1993~1996年南海中部海洋沉降颗粒通量的季节和年际变化 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
通过对南海中部1993~1996年获得的浅层和深层时间系列沉积物捕获器的样品分析,发现了稳定同位素值、颗粒总通量、碳酸盐、生物蛋白石、有机碳、表层初级生产力、浮游有孔虫总通量和属种的分布存在明显的季节性变化,其通量都是在东北季风和西南季风盛行期出现高值,在季风转向期出现低值.浮游有孔虫Globigerinoides sacculifer,G.ruber,Globigerinita glutinata,Neo-globoquadrina dutertrei等种的通量和相对百分含量也是在东北季风和西南季风盛行期都出现高值,但Globigerina bulloides,Globorotalia menardii和Pulleniatina obliquiloculata等种则在东北季风盛行期出现高值.分析还发现Globigerinoides sacculifer和Globorotalia menardii等种的通量和百分含量以及有孔虫总通量和碳酸盐通量等从1993到1996年存在下降趋势,而Globigerina.bulloides和Globigerinita glutinata的通量和百分含量以及生物蛋白石通量等在该期间显示为上升趋势.浅层捕获器样品中的碳酸盐和有机碳的通量比深层的高.研究表明海洋沉降通量和浮游有孔虫属种的季节和年际变化主要受与东亚季风相关的表层初级生产力和海洋水文条件变化所控制,深层捕获器样品中的碳酸盐和有机碳的通量低应与碳酸盐溶解作用有关. 相似文献
430.
MINERALOGY OF COASTAL DEPOSITS OF NORTH-WESTERN SEA OF JAPAN 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Distribution of heavy, light and clay minerals in Late Pleistocene—Holocene deposits from different coastal environments (beaches, lagoons, dunes, relict lakes, ria bays and inlets, open inlets) was analysed. It was established that mineralogical composition of coastal deposits was a result of provenance and its hypergenous changes, transformation of material within transit zone, and accumulative conditions of inshore zone. Contents of stable minerals increase in deposits of the inlets confined to mouths of the small streams and in horizons of the sections, formed during regressive phases. Unstable minerals amount is higher in deposits of inlets, confined to mouths of the large river. The clay mineral fraction of shelf sediments consists mostly of illite. Authigenous pyrites dominate in deposits of ria bays, lagoons and relict lakes, formed during transgressive phases. Volcanic glass, found in deposits, is product of Holocene eruptions of Baegdusan (Baitushen) Volcano. 相似文献