省级土地整理项目管理数据库设计及应用

随着土地整理项目的大量建设,给省级国土管理部门的项目管理工作带来巨大压力和挑战。面对大量繁杂的项目管理业务,作为信息化建设基础内容的相关数据库建立则显得迫在眉睫。本文通过全面整合项目管理的业务流和数据流,提出了基于ArcSDE+Oracle11g的省级土地整理项目管理数据库的逻辑和存储设计方案,并以广西壮族自治区为应用实例,证明了该数据库设计方案的合理性和有效性。     

Quantifying the surface covering,binding and bonding effects of biological soil crusts on soil detachment by overland flow

Biological soil crusts (BSCs) have impacts on soil detachment process through surface covering, and binding and bonding (B&B) mechanisms, which might vary with successional stages of BSCs. This study was conducted to quantify the effects of surface covering, binding and bonding of BSCs on soil detachment capacity by overland flow in a 4 m long hydraulic flume with fixed bed. Two dominant BSC types, developed well in the Loess Plateau (the early successional cyanobacteria and the later successional moss), were tested using natural undisturbed soil samples collected from the abandoned farmlands. Two treatments of undisturbed crusts and one treatment of removing the above‐ground tissue of BSCs were designed for each BSC type. For comparison, bare loess soil was used as the baseline. The collected soil samples were subjected to flow scouring under six different shear stresses, ranging from 6.7 to 21.2 Pa. The results showed that soil detachment capacity (D_c) and rill erodibility (K_r) decrease with BSC succession, and the presence of BSCs obviously increased the critical shear stress, especially for the later successional moss crust. For the early successional cyanobacteria crust, D_c was reduced by 69.2% compared to the bare loess soil, where 37.7% and 31.5% are attributed to the surface covering and B&B, respectively. For the later successional moss crust, D_c decreased by 89.8% compared to the bare loess soil, where 68.9% and 20.9% contributed to the surface covering and B&B, respectively. These results are helpful in understanding the influencing mechanism of BSCs on soil erosion and in developing the process‐based erosion models for grassland and forestland. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

晚新生代青藏高原的隆升与东亚环境变化

青藏地区在第三纪青藏地区经过二次隆升与夷平的旋回,在２５ＭａＢＰ￣１７Ｍａ ＢＰ高原面隆升达到２００００ｍ左右高度,和当时大陆与海洋环境耦合,激发了亚洲季风,替代了先前的行星风系,导致第三纪中期我国环境大变化。此后高原面夷平降低,夏季风减弱,３．４Ｍａ以来高原整体快速隆起,２．５ＭａＢＰ开始中国北部黄土堆积。０．８ＭａＢＰ￣０．５ＭａＢＰ高原面上升至３０００ｍ￣３５００ｍ左右,与地球轨道转型导致的     

青藏高原喀斯特的若干问题

青藏高原灰岩出露面积不广,但具多种成因的喀斯特形态。现代山区的石峰等是由寒冻风化和冰川作用所形成,属冰缘冰川喀斯特;高原内部的许多洞穴及其堆积物,以及东南部的丘陵洼地等由溶蚀侵蚀作用所形成,属古喀斯特;高原内部和边缘地区,在钙华或河成钙华形成中,生物残体仅起凝结核作用,喀斯特泉物理化学性质的变化起决定作用。因此青藏高原兼有在现代气候条件下和古气候条件下形成的喀斯特。     

基于析因数值实验方法的蒸发皿蒸发归因研究

蒸发皿蒸发是唯一可长时间大范围观测的潜在蒸发,其准确估算和长时间序列趋势变化归因分析,对变化环境下干旱研究、水文过程理解分析与预估具有重要意义。本文筛选出416个具有连续观测的气象台站资料,率定了PenPan模型中适合模拟中国20 cm口径（D20）蒸发皿蒸发的风速函数,发展了基于去趋势法的析因数值实验归因法,对比了此方法与常用的偏导归因法在1960-2014年、1960-1993年（“蒸发悖论”时段）及1993-2014年（“蒸发悖论”消失）蒸发皿蒸发趋势变化的归因结果。结果表明,使用新率定的风速函数f_q(u₂)=3.977×10^-8(1+0.505u₂)能更准确模拟中国D20蒸发皿蒸发;相较于偏导归因法结果,析因数值实验法也能对蒸发皿蒸发趋势变化进行定量归因分析,且归因结果略优于偏导归因法结果;此外,可利用析因数值实验法的基准态信息来对偏导归因法结果进行校正,从而更准确地对蒸发皿蒸发趋势变化进行归因分析,加深对蒸发皿蒸发趋势变化的理解,为水文水循环研究准确分析提供保障。     

Geochemical Characteristics of Granitoids in the Eastern Sector of the Northern Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang

The granitioids in question are located in the geosynclinal fold belt of the Northern Tianshan Mountains.The magmas are intruded into a Carboniferous marine volcanic-sedimentary rock series. forming a contempo-raneous. intermediate-basic to acid. composite intrusion. With a whole-rock Rb-Sr isochron age of 315.7 Ma. itis considered to be of middle Heicynian age. The granitoids have a SiO_2 content of 48-78%, a calc-alkali indexof 60 and silica-alkali indices ρ=2.2-2.4 and σ=1.5-2. From basic to acid compositions, the total REE con-tent increases from 38 to 143 ppm. δEu ranges from 0.47 to 0.86 and the Eu anomalies are negative. Thenormalized curves of REE of various rock types are very similar. These coupled with the characteristics of traceelement geochemistry show that the intrusion is an island arc-continental margin, calc-alkaline one. Theδ~(18)O values range from 5.8 to 8.9‰ and the ~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr initial ratio is 0.705. The materials of the intrusion arecomposed of a mixture of the magmas at the top of the upper mantle and in the lower crust, This indicates thatthe rocks might be consanguineous. differentiated and evolved products and possess the characteristics of Ⅰtype granites.     

山东牟平——乳山金矿带石英脉深部含(金)矿性的地球化学预测标志

牟平—乳山金矿带石英脉型金矿具有明显的地球化学垂直分带性,据此总结出了该金矿床的地球化学异常模式及最佳指示元素组合,确定了石英脉深部含矿性的地球化学预测系列及预测指标。     

物理量场诊断分析在短期天气预报中的应用

阐述了T213数值预报产品中，重要物理量预报值在短期天气预报中的应用。对局地性的阵性降水过程、微量降水过程和有明显天气尺度系统影响的大范围降水过程的重要物理量值，进行了验证和分析，总结出了产生降水的重要物理量预报临界值。     

柴达木盆地北缘油气分布的构造控制作用

该区中新生代形成了伸展构造、扭动构造、逆冲－褶皱构造等构造样式。早、中侏罗世形成的正断层组合构造样式，可形成一些小规模油气藏。老第三纪形成的压扭性构造对油气的聚集有重要控制作用。而新第三纪－第四纪形成的塑冲－褶皱构造的含油气性差异很大，在早期断层基础上发育的逆冲－褶皱构造有利于油气分布，而新形成的逆冲－褶皱构造，通常不利于油气聚集，构造应力对油气的运移聚集有重要影响，构造应力变化速率引起的应力驱动，是油气沿断层垂向运移的主要动力，在断层附近应力值适中、岩石扩容量较大、微裂缝发育的区域，是油气聚集的有利场所。