T639预报气温产品误差分析与订正

由于T639数值预报模式对具体区域预报有一定偏差,为了更好的利用该模式做出山东即墨本区域各自动站气温预报,制定订正方法,将订正方法运用到实际业务中,推广到相关单位,提高气温预报准确率,本文利用2013年1月至2015年12月山东省即墨市8个区域自动站的最高(低)气温实况和对应的T639数值预报24小时2m气温预报产品进行了日最高(低)气温的预报准确率、相对误差分析,并结合风向风速预报结论和地形分区,运用综合订正、季节订正、风向订正和风速订正4种误差订正方法,在对比检验的基础上,得出如下结论:在4种订正方法中,预报准确率最高为综合订正方法。     

青藏高原湿地土壤冻结、融化期间的陆面过程特征

利用青藏高原中部玉树隆宝湿地2015年7月-2016年7月的观测资料,分析了土壤冻结、融化前后土壤温、湿度和地表能量收支特征,结果表明：冻土持续时期为12月至次年4月,深层土壤的冻结较浅层土壤滞后,融化过程快于冻结过程,5-40 cm土壤全部冻结历时51 d,全部融化历时19 d。土壤体积含水量年变化幅度达0.6 m³/m³。冻结过程5-40 cm土壤体积含水量下降,融化过程5-10 cm土壤体积含水量升高。土壤冻结之后,感热通量白天的值升高,潜热通量白天的值降低,净辐射和土壤热通量均降低,土壤热通量日变化幅度增大。土壤融化之后,潜热通量、净辐射和土壤热通量白天的值升高。地表反照率、鲍恩比、土壤热导率和土壤热扩散率冻结后增大融化后减小,土壤热容量冻结后减小融化后增大。     

锦州湾泥沙运动的研究

根据１９８５年春季和１９８６年夏季（洪水期）对锦州湾现场调查和室内分析资料计算的结果是，锦州湾沿岸河流在洪水期进入湾内泥沙量为７．４６万ｔ，全年为１３．７万ｔ，外海进入湾内的泥沙量在洪水期为８．２２万ｔ，全年为２０．１９万ｔ。故洪水期进入湾内的少量为１５．６８万ｔ，全年为３３．８９万ｔ，假如这些泥沙进入湾内作均匀沉积，则洪水季节沉积量为０．１４ｇ／ｃｍ＾２，年沉积量为０．２９８ｇ／ｃｍ＾２。     

海面水温与台风关系的分形分析

本文用分形方法分析了西北太平洋５３个坐标点１９４９－１９７５年多年逐月平均海面水温资料，结果表明西北太平洋逐月平均海面水温呈分形分布，而且其分维数Ｄ与台风总数有关，即Ｄ值高的月份台风总数也多。     

Structure of a pair of anticyclonic vortices in northern part of the South China Sea in autumn of 1994

A pair of remarkable meso-scale anticyclonic vortices, one formed closely to another, inthe northern part of the South China Sea during the period from the later August to early September of 1994 were documented by the in situ observation data. Their spatial structures were examined in detail from the horizontal and two nearly perpendicular/vertical angles of view. It was shown that the horizontal scales of these two vortices were around 100, 50 km, and their vertical scales were about 500, 1000 m, respectively. Two "warm core" structures associated with these two vortices were found in their horizontal and vertical analyses. The closer spacing of these two vortices (namely, 60 km), which was smaller than the Rossby radius of deformation, suggested that they might merge with each other during their next evolution stages and form into a larger vortex eventually.     

Probability distribution of surface slope for nonlinear random sea waves and calculation of whitecap coverage

Based on the nonlinear model of two-dimensional random sea waves, a statistical distribution of wave surface slope exact to the third order is derived by using the expansion of the characteristic function and direct calculations of each order moment. Based on the distribution of wave surface slope derived in this paper, a whitecap coverage is proposed by using the limit surface slope as a criterion of wave breaking. The whitecap coverage expressed by the model depends on three parameters which can be determined in principle by the linear wave spectrum and three kinds of wave-wave interaction.     

热带东风中经向扰动与纬向扰动的非线性相互作用

根据非线性的动量方程,利用多时间尺度分析方法,探讨由经向扰动与纬向扰动相互作用在热带东风中所造成的一类正压不稳定。分析表明:在零级近似下,给出了两个扰动传播的频率表达式,在一级近似下,得到了两个零级扰动振幅的解析表达式。鉴于方程中散度项的存在,当不同尺度的三个波相作用而发生共振时,仅总动能守恒,而总位拟能不守恒,这一点与无辐散大气的结论不同。两种扰动动能相互转换的机制则是涡度场与散度场的相互作用。     

Microbial dechlorination of dioxins in estuarine enrichment cultures: effects of respiratory conditions and priming compound on community structure and dechlorination patterns

The effect of respiratory conditions and priming compound on dechlorination patterns of heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins (HpCDD) was investigated using estuarine sediment-eluted cultures in the presence and absence of 20 mM sulfate, and 0.2 microM 2-bromodibenzo-p-dioxin (2-BrDD) as a priming compound. Electron balance calculations based on fatty acid turnover, hydrogen production, and electron acceptor depletion/methane formation indicated that whereas fermentative processes dominated in sulfate-free incubations, sulfate-reduction was predominant in the sulfate-amended incubations. The dechlorination of 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD exhibited the following trends: (i) the relative yields of product formation did not exceed 30% and the presence of 2-BrDD increased the yield by up to 10%; (ii) sulfidogenic conditions resulted in a lower 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD) formation, and the presence of 2-BrDD decreased the formation of 2,3,7,8-TCDD by additional 4-5-fold; (iii) the presence of 2-BrDD effected a predominance in lateral (2,3,7,8 positions) over peri (1,4,6,9 positions)-dechlorination. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) banding patterns indicated significant shifts of microbial community structure in response to terminal electron accepting processes as well as to the presence of the priming compound. The latter resulted in a similar community structure independent of dioxin spike, indicating that subsets of populations in the sediment are capable of exploiting the new niche provided by the priming compound.     

锦州湾沉积物特征与物质来源的探讨

本文依据现场调查的粒度、重矿物和粘土矿物进行分析并结合河、海悬沙分析资料，阐述了锦州湾沉积物类型和特征；重矿物和粘土矿物的分布以及组合特征，并着重分析和讨论了锦州湾的物质来源。     

钱塘江河口段通航能力的初步分析

本文阐述了钱塘江通海航道的现状,指出仓前至尖山的中段航道影响着河口出海通航能力,四工段浅滩是主要的碍航浅滩。文中还对不同水文条件下,钱塘江河口段的乘潮保证率和最大可能出海运量作了分析,在此基础上提出了改善航道条件的措施。